{"id":4891,"date":"2025-11-10T23:21:34","date_gmt":"2025-11-10T23:21:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=4891"},"modified":"2025-11-10T23:21:34","modified_gmt":"2025-11-10T23:21:34","slug":"scientists-guide-lightning-bolts-with-lasers-for-the-first-time","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/physics\/scientists-guide-lightning-bolts-with-lasers-for-the-first-time\/","title":{"rendered":"Laser versus blesk: Budoucnost ochrany p\u0159ed bleskem je tady!"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u011bdci poprv\u00e9 nav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed blesky pomoc\u00ed laser\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pozad\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u00dadery blesku jsou siln\u00e1 a nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed s\u00edla. Mohou zp\u016fsobit \u0161kody na konstrukc\u00edch, naru\u0161it infrastrukturu a dokonce ohrozit lidsk\u00e9 \u017eivoty. Bleskosvody, vynalezen\u00e9 Benjaminem Franklinem v 18. stolet\u00ed, se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k ochran\u011b p\u0159ed \u00fadery blesku t\u00edm, \u017ee blesky p\u0159itahuj\u00ed a vedou je do zem\u011b. Bleskosvody v\u0161ak poskytuj\u00ed pouze omezenou ochranu a nejsou \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 pro rozs\u00e1hlou infrastrukturu, jako jsou leti\u0161t\u011b a startovac\u00ed rampy.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Lasery: Nov\u00fd zp\u016fsob ochrany p\u0159ed bleskem<\/h2>\n\n<p>V\u011bdci zkoumaj\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed laser\u016f k nav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed blesk\u016f od 60. let 20. stolet\u00ed. Lasery jsou paprsky vysoce koncentrovan\u00e9ho sv\u011btla, kter\u00e9 lze pou\u017e\u00edt k oh\u0159evu a ionizaci vzduchu. T\u00edm se vytvo\u0159\u00ed cesta vzduchu s ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed hustotou, kter\u00e1 vede elekt\u0159inu a m\u016f\u017ee usm\u011br\u0148ovat blesky.<\/p>\n\n<p>V ned\u00e1vn\u00e9m pr\u016flomu v\u011bdci poprv\u00e9 \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b nav\u00e1d\u011bli blesky pomoc\u00ed laser\u016f. Experiment byl proveden na ho\u0159e S\u00e4ntis v severov\u00fdchodn\u00edm \u0160v\u00fdcarsku, kde byl laser rychle vyst\u0159elen do nebe. Laser nav\u00e1d\u011bl blesk p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b na 50 metr\u016f, co\u017e poskytlo d\u016fkaz konceptu pro pou\u017eit\u00ed laser\u016f k ochran\u011b rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 infrastruktury p\u0159ed \u00fadery blesku.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak lasery nav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed blesky<\/h2>\n\n<p>Lasery nav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed blesky vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00edm cesty vzduchu s ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed hustotou, kter\u00e1 vede elekt\u0159inu. Kdy\u017e je laserov\u00fd paprsek vyst\u0159elen do nebe, oh\u0159\u00edv\u00e1 a ionizuje okoln\u00ed molekuly vzduchu. T\u00edm se vytvo\u0159\u00ed kan\u00e1l plazmatu, co\u017e je plyn, kter\u00fd vede elekt\u0159inu. Blesk je pak p\u0159itahov\u00e1n k plazmatick\u00e9mu kan\u00e1lu a sleduje jej k zemi.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdhody laser\u016f oproti bleskosvod\u016fm<\/h2>\n\n<p>Lasery nab\u00edzej\u00ed n\u011bkolik v\u00fdhod oproti tradi\u010dn\u00edm bleskosvod\u016fm. Za prv\u00e9, lasery lze pou\u017e\u00edt k ochran\u011b mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed oblasti ne\u017e bleskosvody. Jeden laserov\u00fd paprsek m\u016f\u017ee dosahovat mnohem v\u00fd\u0161e ne\u017e fyzick\u00e1 ty\u010d, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee m\u016f\u017ee chr\u00e1nit v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed oblast na zemi. Za druh\u00e9, lasery lze kdykoli zapnout nebo vypnout, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje jejich pou\u017eit\u00ed pouze v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby. To nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 u bleskosvod\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou v\u017edy aktivn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdzvy a budouc\u00ed sm\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Zat\u00edmco \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 nav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed blesk\u016f pomoc\u00ed laser\u016f je v\u00fdznamn\u00fd pr\u016flom, st\u00e1le existuj\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy, kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba vy\u0159e\u0161it, ne\u017e bude mo\u017en\u00e9 lasery pou\u017e\u00edt pro praktick\u00e9 aplikace. Jednou z v\u00fdzev je, \u017ee lasery mus\u00ed b\u00fdt schopny nav\u00e1d\u011bt blesky na v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenosti. V\u011bt\u0161ina kan\u00e1l\u016f blesku je dlouh\u00e1 kilometry, ale sou\u010dasn\u00fd laserov\u00fd syst\u00e9m dok\u00e1\u017ee nav\u00e1d\u011bt blesk pouze na vzd\u00e1lenost asi 50 metr\u016f. Dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzvou jsou n\u00e1klady na laserov\u00fd syst\u00e9m. Laser pou\u017eit\u00fd v experimentu st\u00e1l v\u00edce ne\u017e 2 miliardy dolar\u016f a neo\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se, \u017ee bude komercializov\u00e1n d\u0159\u00edve ne\u017e za deset let.<\/p>\n\n<p>Navzdory t\u011bmto v\u00fdzv\u00e1m je \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 nav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed blesk\u016f pomoc\u00ed laser\u016f slibn\u00fdm v\u00fdvojem. Lasery maj\u00ed potenci\u00e1l poskytnout nov\u00fd a \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob ochrany p\u0159ed \u00fadery blesku a jednoho dne by mohly b\u00fdt pou\u017eity k ochran\u011b rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 infrastruktury, jako jsou leti\u0161t\u011b a startovac\u00ed rampy.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dal\u0161\u00ed informace<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u00dadery blesku mohou ka\u017ed\u00fd rok zp\u016fsobit \u0161kody za miliardy dolar\u016f.<\/li>\n<li>\u00dadery blesku zabily ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech v letech 2006 a\u017e 2021 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 450 lid\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>P\u0159edchoz\u00ed experimenty vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed lasery k nav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed blesk\u016f selhaly, ale ned\u00e1vn\u00fd experiment pou\u017eil vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pulzn\u00ed frekvenci, kter\u00e1 byla kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 pro \u00fasp\u011bch.<\/li>\n<li>Laser pou\u017eit\u00fd v experimentu byl vyst\u0159elen p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1 000kr\u00e1t za sekundu.<\/li>\n<li>Laser nav\u00e1d\u011bl blesk k ty\u010di na \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00e9 telekomunika\u010dn\u00ed v\u011b\u017ei, kterou zas\u00e1hne blesk p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 100kr\u00e1t ro\u010dn\u011b.<\/li>\n<li>V\u011bdci se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee lasery by mohly b\u00fdt nakonec pou\u017eity k ochran\u011b rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 infrastruktury p\u0159ed \u00fadery blesku, ale je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V\u011bdci poprv\u00e9 nav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed blesky pomoc\u00ed laser\u016f Pozad\u00ed \u00dadery blesku jsou siln\u00e1 a nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed s\u00edla. Mohou zp\u016fsobit \u0161kody na konstrukc\u00edch, naru\u0161it infrastrukturu a dokonce ohrozit lidsk\u00e9 \u017eivoty. Bleskosvody, vynalezen\u00e9 Benjaminem&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":25105,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[965],"tags":[1346,37,8757,497,99,97],"class_list":["post-4891","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-physics","tag-lightning","tag-innovation","tag-lasers","tag-technology","tag-lifescienceart","tag-science"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4891","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4891"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4891\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25106,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4891\/revisions\/25106"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25105"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4891"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4891"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4891"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}