Genetik George Church se dostal na tituln\u00ed str\u00e1nky novin se sv\u00fdm tvrzen\u00edm, \u017ee z\u00edskal dostatek DNA z neandrt\u00e1lsk\u00fdch fosili\u00ed, aby mohl vytvo\u0159it embryo. Church v\u0161ak od t\u00e9 doby objasnil, \u017ee aktivn\u011b nevyhled\u00e1v\u00e1 \u017eenu, kter\u00e1 by porodila neandrt\u00e1lsk\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b. \u0158\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee takov\u00e9 klonov\u00e1n\u00ed je v tuto chv\u00edli pouze teoreticky mo\u017en\u00e9 a \u017ee nyn\u00ed mus\u00edme za\u010d\u00edt diskutovat o etick\u00fdch d\u016fsledc\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n
My\u0161lenka klonov\u00e1n\u00ed neandrt\u00e1lce nen\u00ed \u00fapln\u011b \u0161\u00edlen\u00e1. V roce 2009 byl z rozmra\u017een\u00e9ho vzorku k\u016f\u017ee naklonov\u00e1n vyhynul\u00fd poddruh \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9ho kozoro\u017ece. Novorozenec v\u0161ak okam\u017eit\u011b zem\u0159el na selh\u00e1n\u00ed d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed. To ukazuje, \u017ee vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed vyhynul\u00fdch druh\u016f je mo\u017en\u00e9, ale nen\u00ed bez v\u00fdzev.<\/p>\n\n
Jednou z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdzev je, \u017ee DNA m\u00e1 datum spot\u0159eby asi 1 milion let. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee je nepravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee bychom n\u011bkdy byli schopni naklonovat dinosaury nebo jin\u00e9 vyhynul\u00e9 druhy, kter\u00e9 vyhynuly p\u0159ed miliony let.<\/p>\n\n
I kdyby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 naklonovat neandrt\u00e1lce, existuj\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 etick\u00e9 obavy, kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba zv\u00e1\u017eit. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee je \u0161patn\u00e9 p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u011bt zp\u011bt vyhynul\u00e9 druhy, proto\u017ee by to mohlo naru\u0161it p\u0159irozen\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d v\u011bc\u00ed. Jin\u00ed tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee klonov\u00e1n\u00ed vyhynul\u00fdch druh\u016f by n\u00e1m mohlo pomoci dozv\u011bd\u011bt se o nich v\u00edce a o jejich m\u00edst\u011b v lidsk\u00e9 evoluci.<\/p>\n\n
Nakonec je rozhodnut\u00ed, zda naklonovat neandrt\u00e1lce \u010di nikoli, slo\u017eit\u00e9 a zahrnuje jak v\u011bdeck\u00e9, tak etick\u00e9 \u00favahy. P\u0159ed p\u0159ijet\u00edm rozhodnut\u00ed je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pe\u010dliv\u011b zv\u00e1\u017eit potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdhody a rizika.<\/p>\n\n
Krom\u011b etick\u00fdch obav existuje tak\u00e9 \u0159ada v\u011bdeck\u00fdch v\u00fdzev, kter\u00e9 by musely b\u00fdt p\u0159ekon\u00e1ny, ne\u017e by se klonov\u00e1n\u00ed neandrt\u00e1lc\u016f mohlo st\u00e1t realitou.<\/p>\n\n
Jednou z v\u00fdzev je, \u017ee nem\u00e1me \u00fapln\u00e9 pochopen\u00ed genomu neandrt\u00e1lc\u016f. Dosud jsme dok\u00e1zali sekvenovat pouze asi 60 % genomu neandrt\u00e1lc\u016f a nev\u00edme, co obsahuje zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch 40 %. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee n\u00e1m mohou chyb\u011bt d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 geny, kter\u00e9 jsou nezbytn\u00e9 pro v\u00fdvoj neandrt\u00e1lc\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
Dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzvou je, \u017ee nev\u00edme, jak vytvo\u0159it neandrt\u00e1lsk\u00e9 embryo. Nikdy se n\u00e1m nepoda\u0159ilo \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b naklonovat lidsk\u00e9 embryo a nev\u00edme, zda by stejn\u00e9 techniky fungovaly u neandrt\u00e1lc\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
A kone\u010dn\u011b, i kdybychom byli schopni vytvo\u0159it neandrt\u00e1lsk\u00e9 embryo, museli bychom naj\u00edt n\u00e1hradn\u00ed matku, kter\u00e1 je ochotna donosit t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed a\u017e do konce. To by mohlo b\u00fdt obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9, proto\u017ee neandrt\u00e1lci byli mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed a siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e modern\u00ed lid\u00e9 a jejich t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed mohla b\u00fdt obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
P\u0159esto\u017ee existuj\u00ed v\u00fdzvy, existuje tak\u00e9 \u0159ada potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u00fdhod klonov\u00e1n\u00ed neandrt\u00e1lc\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
Jednou z v\u00fdhod je, \u017ee by n\u00e1m to mohlo pomoci dozv\u011bd\u011bt se v\u00edce o neandrt\u00e1lc\u00edch a jejich m\u00edst\u011b v lidsk\u00e9 evoluci. Neandrt\u00e1lci byli na\u0161imi nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdmi a \u017eili na Zemi stovky tis\u00edc let. Klonov\u00e1n\u00edm neandrt\u00e1lce bychom se mohli dozv\u011bd\u011bt v\u00edce o jejich biologii, jejich kultu\u0159e a jejich vztahu k modern\u00edm lidem.<\/p>\n\n
Dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdhodou je, \u017ee klonov\u00e1n\u00ed neandrt\u00e1lc\u016f by n\u00e1m mohlo pomoci vyvinout nov\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby l\u00e9\u010dby nemoc\u00ed. Neandrt\u00e1lci byli p\u0159izp\u016fsobeni velmi odli\u0161n\u00e9mu prost\u0159ed\u00ed ne\u017e modern\u00ed lid\u00e9 a mohli vyvinout jedine\u010dn\u00e9 genetick\u00e9 adaptace, kter\u00e9 by n\u00e1m mohly pomoci l\u00e9\u010dit nemoci, jako je rakovina a cukrovka.<\/p>\n\n
A kone\u010dn\u011b, klonov\u00e1n\u00ed neandrt\u00e1lc\u016f by n\u00e1m mohlo pomoci zachovat genetickou rozmanitost na\u0161eho druhu. Modern\u00ed lid\u00e9 jsou si v\u0161ichni velmi bl\u00edzce p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00ed a tento nedostatek genetick\u00e9 rozmanitosti n\u00e1s \u010din\u00ed n\u00e1chyln\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi k nemocem. Klonov\u00e1n\u00edm neandrt\u00e1lc\u016f bychom mohli do na\u0161\u00ed populace zav\u00e9st nov\u00e9 genetick\u00e9 variace a u\u010dinit n\u00e1s odoln\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi v\u016f\u010di nemocem.<\/p>\n\n
Klonov\u00e1n\u00ed neandrt\u00e1lc\u016f samoz\u0159ejm\u011b p\u0159edstavuje i ur\u010dit\u00e1 rizika.<\/p>\n\n
Jedn\u00edm z rizik je, \u017ee bychom mohli vytvo\u0159it nov\u00fd typ \u010dlov\u011bka, kter\u00fd nen\u00ed slu\u010diteln\u00fd se sou\u010dasnou spole\u010dnost\u00ed. Neandrt\u00e1lci se od modern\u00edch lid\u00ed velmi li\u0161ili, a to jak fyzicky, tak psychicky. Pokud bychom naklonovali neandrt\u00e1lce, je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee v\u00fdsledn\u00fd jedinec by nebyl schopen fungovat v modern\u00ed spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n\n
Dal\u0161\u00edm rizikem je, \u017ee bychom mohli do na\u0161\u00ed populace zav\u00e9st nov\u00e9 nemoci. Neandrt\u00e1lci \u017eili v \u00fapln\u011b jin\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed ne\u017e modern\u00ed lid\u00e9 a mohli b\u00fdt vystaveni jin\u00fdm nemocem. Pokud bychom naklonovali neandrt\u00e1lce, je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee by v\u00fdsledn\u00fd jedinec mohl b\u00fdt nositelem nemoc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsou pro modern\u00ed lidi nov\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n
A kone\u010dn\u011b existuje riziko, \u017ee by se klonov\u00e1n\u00ed neandrt\u00e1lc\u016f mohlo vyu\u017e\u00edt k neetick\u00fdm \u00fa\u010del\u016fm. Mohlo by se nap\u0159\u00edklad vyu\u017e\u00edt k vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed n\u00e1vrh\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed nebo k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed nov\u00e9 rasy supervoj\u00e1k\u016f. Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pe\u010dliv\u011b zv\u00e1\u017eit potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed rizika klonov\u00e1n\u00ed neandrt\u00e1lc\u016f, ne\u017e u\u010din\u00edte rozhodnut\u00ed, zda v n\u011bm pokra\u010dovat \u010di nikoli.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
M\u016f\u017eeme naklonovat jeskynn\u00edho \u010dlov\u011bka? V\u011bda klonov\u00e1n\u00ed neandrt\u00e1lc\u016f Genetik George Church se dostal na tituln\u00ed str\u00e1nky novin se sv\u00fdm tvrzen\u00edm, \u017ee z\u00edskal dostatek DNA z neandrt\u00e1lsk\u00fdch fosili\u00ed, aby mohl vytvo\u0159it embryo.…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[138],"tags":[1280,402,1019,97,1279],"class_list":["post-507","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-paleontology","tag-ethics","tag-cloning","tag-neanderthals","tag-science","tag-extinct-species"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/507","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=507"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/507\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":508,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/507\/revisions\/508"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=507"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=507"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=507"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}