{"id":5248,"date":"2020-03-26T22:42:13","date_gmt":"2020-03-26T22:42:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=5248"},"modified":"2020-03-26T22:42:13","modified_gmt":"2020-03-26T22:42:13","slug":"venus-flytrap-feeding-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/botany\/venus-flytrap-feeding-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"Venu\u0161ina mucholapka: maso\u017erav\u00e1 rostlina s unik\u00e1tn\u00edm loveck\u00fdm mechanismem"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Venu\u0161ina mucholapka: Jej\u00ed jedine\u010dn\u00fd zp\u016fsob lovu<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00davod<\/h2>\n\n<p>Rostlinn\u00e1 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e je pln\u00e1 \u00fa\u017easn\u00fdch div\u016f a mezi n\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed i z\u00e1hadn\u00e1 mucholapka podivn\u00e1 (Dionaea muscipula). Tato zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed rostlina, poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edch pl\u00e1n\u00ed Severn\u00ed a Ji\u017en\u00ed Karol\u00edny, m\u00e1 v\u00fdjime\u010dnou schopnost chytat a po\u017e\u00edrat hmyz, co\u017e z n\u00ed \u010din\u00ed opravdovou maso\u017eravou lah\u016fdku.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Fotosynt\u00e9za a dopl\u0148kov\u00e1 v\u00fd\u017eiva<\/h2>\n\n<p>Stejn\u011b jako v\u0161echny rostliny, i mucholapky prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed fotosynt\u00e9zu, aby si vytvo\u0159ily vlastn\u00ed potravu. Da\u0159\u00ed se jim v\u0161ak v p\u016fd\u011b chud\u00e9 na \u017eiviny a konzumace \u017eiv\u00e9ho hmyzu jim poskytuje d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 \u017eiviny, jako je dus\u00edk a fosfor. Hmyz p\u016fsob\u00ed jako p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed hnojivo a dopl\u0148uje tak nutri\u010dn\u00ed pot\u0159eby rostliny.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Anatomie pasti<\/h2>\n\n<p>V\u00fdrazn\u00fdm znakem mucholapky je jej\u00ed past, kter\u00e1 je tvo\u0159ena dv\u011bma spojen\u00fdmi laloky, kter\u00e9 se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed na konci ka\u017ed\u00e9ho listu. Vnit\u0159n\u00ed povrchy t\u011bchto lalok\u016f jsou pokryty mal\u00fdmi, chlupovit\u00fdmi v\u00fdstupky zvan\u00fdmi trichomy. Kdy\u017e se hmyz dotkne t\u011bchto trichom\u016f, past zaklapne s pozoruhodnou rychlost\u00ed a uv\u011bzn\u00ed svou ko\u0159ist.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Proces lovu<\/h2>\n\n<p>Okraje pasti jsou lemov\u00e1ny propleten\u00fdmi \u0161t\u011btinami, kter\u00e9 br\u00e1n\u00ed ko\u0159isti v \u00faniku. Jakmile je past zav\u0159en\u00e1, tr\u00e1vic\u00ed \u017el\u00e1zy na vnit\u0159n\u00edch okraj\u00edch vylu\u010duj\u00ed enzymy, kter\u00e9 rozkl\u00e1daj\u00ed m\u011bkk\u00e9 tk\u00e1n\u011b hmyzu a uvol\u0148uj\u00ed \u017eiviny, kter\u00e9 rostlina vst\u0159eb\u00e1v\u00e1. V z\u00e1vislosti na velikosti a typu hmyzu z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 past zape\u010det\u011bna po dobu p\u011bti a\u017e dvan\u00e1cti dn\u016f, ne\u017e se znovu otev\u0159e a uvoln\u00ed exoskelet.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Aktivace pasti<\/h2>\n\n<p>Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee past mucholapky se zcela uzav\u0159e, pouze pokud jsou trichomy neust\u00e1le stimulov\u00e1ny. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee rostlina mus\u00ed b\u00fdt krmena \u017eivou ko\u0159ist\u00ed. Mrtv\u00fd hmyz nebo jin\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty nevyvolaj\u00ed pot\u0159ebnou reakci a past se nakonec znovu otev\u0159e, ani\u017e by cokoli str\u00e1vila.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Frekvence krmen\u00ed a \u017eivotnost pasti<\/h2>\n\n<p>Frekvence krmen\u00ed z\u00e1vis\u00ed na po\u010dtu past\u00ed na rostlin\u011b a jej\u00ed rychlosti r\u016fstu. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed odborn\u00edci doporu\u010duj\u00ed, aby alespo\u0148 jedna past aktivn\u011b tr\u00e1vila potravu po celou dobu vegeta\u010dn\u00edho obdob\u00ed. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 past m\u00e1 omezenou \u017eivotnost a m\u016f\u017ee ulovit ko\u0159ist pouze t\u0159ikr\u00e1t a\u017e p\u011btkr\u00e1t, ne\u017e se stane nefunk\u010dn\u00ed a z\u016fstane na rostlin\u011b jako fotosyntetizuj\u00edc\u00ed org\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">P\u00e9\u010de v interi\u00e9ru<\/h2>\n\n<p>Mucholapky lze p\u011bstovat jako pokojov\u00e9 rostliny a dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed samy ulovit mal\u00fd hmyz v interi\u00e9ru. M\u016f\u017eete v\u0161ak doplnit jejich stravu pomoc\u00ed pinzety, kterou jim budete p\u0159edkl\u00e1dat \u017eiv\u00fd hmyz. Jemn\u011b p\u0159esu\u0148te hmyz p\u0159es trichomy, abyste aktivovali uzav\u0159en\u00ed pasti. Odstra\u0148te pinzetu, jakmile je past zape\u010det\u011bn\u00e1, a pohyb hmyzu uvnit\u0159 spust\u00ed tr\u00e1vic\u00ed proces.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tipy pro p\u00e9\u010di<\/h2>\n\n<p>Abyste zajistili zdrav\u00ed sv\u00e9 mucholapky, vyhn\u011bte se zbyte\u010dn\u00e9mu dotyku past\u00ed. Ka\u017ed\u00e9 ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 uzav\u0159en\u00ed pasti sni\u017euje schopnost rostliny reagovat na dotek a asi deset ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch pokus\u016f m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit, \u017ee past p\u0159estane reagovat.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dal\u0161\u00ed \u010dasto kladen\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>M\u016f\u017eete krmit mucholapku mrtv\u00fdm hmyzem?<\/strong> Ne, mrtv\u00fd hmyz nevyvol\u00e1 uzav\u0159en\u00ed pasti ani tr\u00e1vic\u00ed reakci.<\/li>\n<li><strong>P\u0159e\u017eije mucholapka bez toho, aby jedla hmyz?<\/strong> P\u0159esto\u017ee mucholapky mohou p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt n\u011bkolik m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f bez konzumace hmyzu, nakonec uhynou, pokud budou zbaveny ve\u0161ker\u00e9 potravy.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mohou mucholapky j\u00edst ovoce m\u00edsto hmyzu?<\/strong> Cukrovat\u00e9 ovoce m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit hnilobu pasti a zabr\u00e1nit jej\u00edmu spr\u00e1vn\u00e9mu uzav\u0159en\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Jak \u010dasto byste m\u011bli krmit mucholapku?<\/strong> Frekvence krmen\u00ed z\u00e1vis\u00ed na velikosti a rychlosti r\u016fstu rostliny. Sna\u017ete se, aby alespo\u0148 jedna past aktivn\u011b tr\u00e1vila potravu po celou dobu vegeta\u010dn\u00edho obdob\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Jak mucholapka chyt\u00e1 ko\u0159ist?<\/strong> Past zaklapne, kdy\u017e se hmyz dotkne citliv\u00fdch trichom\u016f na vnit\u0159n\u00edch povr\u0161\u00edch lalok\u016f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Jak\u00e9 jsou v\u00fdhody krmen\u00ed mucholapky hmyzem?<\/strong> Hmyz poskytuje d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 \u017eiviny, jako je dus\u00edk a fosfor, kter\u00e9 dopl\u0148uj\u00ed nutri\u010dn\u00ed pot\u0159eby rostliny v p\u016fd\u011b chud\u00e9 na \u017eiviny.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Venu\u0161ina mucholapka: Jej\u00ed jedine\u010dn\u00fd zp\u016fsob lovu \u00davod Rostlinn\u00e1 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e je pln\u00e1 \u00fa\u017easn\u00fdch div\u016f a mezi n\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed i z\u00e1hadn\u00e1 mucholapka podivn\u00e1 (Dionaea muscipula). Tato zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed rostlina, poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edch pl\u00e1n\u00ed&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1823],"tags":[9339,9338,1822,9336,9337],"class_list":["post-5248","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-botany","tag-botanical-marvels","tag-natures-wonders","tag-carnivorous-plants","tag-venus-flytrap","tag-plant-physiology"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5248","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5248"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5248\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5249,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5248\/revisions\/5249"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5248"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5248"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5248"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}