{"id":5870,"date":"2021-06-05T16:29:39","date_gmt":"2021-06-05T16:29:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=5870"},"modified":"2021-06-05T16:29:39","modified_gmt":"2021-06-05T16:29:39","slug":"shotgun-houses-new-orleans-iconic-architecture","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/uncategorized\/shotgun-houses-new-orleans-iconic-architecture\/","title":{"rendered":"Domy typu Shotgun: Pr\u016fzkum historie, kultury a architektury New Orleans"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Domy typu Shotgun: Hlubok\u00fd ponor do ikonick\u00e9 architektury New Orleans<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Co je d\u016fm typu Shotgun?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Domy typu Shotgun jsou \u00fazk\u00e9, jednopatrov\u00e9 domy, kter\u00e9 se typicky nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v New Orleans. Vyzna\u010duj\u00ed se sv\u00fdmi dlouh\u00fdmi, \u00fazk\u00fdmi p\u016fdorysy a absenc\u00ed chodeb. N\u00e1zev \u201eshotgun house\u201c (d\u016fm typu brokovnice) pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b poch\u00e1z\u00ed z jorubsk\u00e9ho slova \u201etogun\u201c, kter\u00e9 znamen\u00e1 \u201ed\u016fm\u201c nebo \u201em\u00edsto setk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Historie dom\u016f typu Shotgun<\/h2>\n\n<p>Domy typu Shotgun maj\u00ed sv\u016fj p\u016fvod v z\u00e1padn\u00ed Africe a na Haiti a do New Orleans je p\u0159ivezli p\u0159ist\u011bhovalci a zotro\u010den\u00ed lid\u00e9 na po\u010d\u00e1tku 19. stolet\u00ed. Staly se obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b popul\u00e1rn\u00ed po popula\u010dn\u00edm boomu v 19. stolet\u00ed, kdy vzrostla popt\u00e1vka po bydlen\u00ed. Domy typu Shotgun byly p\u016fvodn\u011b postaveny pro d\u011blnick\u00e9 rodiny a \u010dasto se nach\u00e1zely v bl\u00edzkosti tov\u00e1ren.<\/p>\n\n<p>Na konci 19. stolet\u00ed za\u010daly domy typu Shotgun upadat na popularit\u011b kv\u016fli sv\u00e9 asociaci s chudobou. Hurik\u00e1n Katrina v\u0161ak zp\u016fsobil zna\u010dn\u00e9 \u0161kody v dev\u00e1t\u00e9m okrsku New Orleans, kter\u00fd se skl\u00e1dal p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b z dom\u016f typu Shotgun. To vedlo k obnoven\u00e9mu z\u00e1jmu o zachov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto historick\u00fdch staveb.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 vlastnosti dom\u016f typu Shotgun<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u00dazk\u00fd p\u016fdorys:<\/strong> Domy typu Shotgun jsou typicky \u0161irok\u00e9 pouze na jednu m\u00edstnost a hlubok\u00e9 na dv\u011b a\u017e t\u0159i m\u00edstnosti.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Absence chodeb:<\/strong> V dom\u011b typu Shotgun nejsou \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 chodby. M\u00edsto toho se do ka\u017ed\u00e9 m\u00edstnosti proch\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159es ka\u017edou jinou.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Vysok\u00e9 stropy:<\/strong> Domy typu Shotgun maj\u00ed typicky vysok\u00e9 stropy, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 v\u011btr\u00e1n\u00ed a proud\u011bn\u00ed vzduchu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Okna a dve\u0159e na obou konc\u00edch:<\/strong> Domy typu Shotgun maj\u00ed okna a dve\u0159e na obou konc\u00edch domu, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 v\u011btr\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>D\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 oblo\u017een\u00ed:<\/strong> V\u011bt\u0161ina dom\u016f typu Shotgun je oblo\u017eena d\u0159evem, i kdy\u017e n\u011bkter\u00e9 maj\u00ed vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed st\u011bny z cihel nebo kamene.<\/li>\n<li><strong>R\u00e1my z cyp\u0159i\u0161ov\u00e9ho d\u0159eva:<\/strong> R\u00e1my dom\u016f typu Shotgun jsou \u010dasto vyrobeny z cyp\u0159i\u0161ov\u00e9ho d\u0159eva, kter\u00e9 je odoln\u00e9 v\u016f\u010di vod\u011b, hmyzu a hnilob\u011b.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kulturn\u00ed v\u00fdznam dom\u016f typu Shotgun<\/h2>\n\n<p>Domy typu Shotgun hr\u00e1ly v\u00fdznamnou roli ve v\u00fdvoji kultury New Orleans. Jejich \u00fazk\u00e9 p\u016fdorysy podporovaly \u00fazce propojen\u00e9 komunity a obyvatel\u00e9 se \u010dasto sch\u00e1zeli na sv\u00fdch verand\u00e1ch, aby se ochladili od subtropick\u00e9ho podneb\u00ed m\u011bsta. Domy typu Shotgun byly tak\u00e9 domovem pestr\u00e9 populace \u010dernoch\u016f, Evropan\u016f a kreol\u016f, co\u017e p\u0159isp\u011blo k \u017eiv\u00fdm hudebn\u00edm, kulin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdm a tane\u010dn\u00edm tradic\u00edm m\u011bsta.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Varianty dom\u016f typu Shotgun<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Dvouhlav\u0148ov\u00e9 domy typu Shotgun:<\/strong> Jsou to samostatn\u00e9 budovy tvo\u0159en\u00e9 dv\u011bma identick\u00fdmi domy typu Shotgun, kter\u00e9 sd\u00edlej\u00ed st\u0159edovou ze\u010f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dvoupatrov\u00e9 domy typu Shotgun:<\/strong> Jsou vz\u00e1cn\u00e9, ale n\u011bkter\u00e9 domy typu Shotgun maj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstavbu ve tvaru \u201evelbloud\u00edho hrbolu\u201c, co\u017e je \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9 druh\u00e9 patro v zadn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti domu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ploch\u00e9 st\u0159echy a klasick\u00e9 fas\u00e1dy:<\/strong> Ran\u00e9 domy typu Shotgun m\u011bly ploch\u00e9 st\u0159echy a klasick\u00e9 fas\u00e1dy s galeriemi a sloupy.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sedlov\u00e9 st\u0159echy a zdoben\u00ed:<\/strong> Pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed domy typu Shotgun z\u00edskaly v\u00edce ozdob, jako jsou sedlov\u00e9 st\u0159echy, p\u0159evisl\u00e9 \u0161t\u00edty a verandy ve stylu kr\u00e1lovny Anny.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u017div\u00e9 barvy:<\/strong> Dnes je mnoho dom\u016f typu Shotgun nat\u0159eno v \u017eiv\u00fdch odst\u00ednech cukrovinek a maj\u00ed p\u016fvabn\u00e9 zdoben\u00ed ve tvaru pern\u00edku.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdhody a nev\u00fdhody bydlen\u00ed v dom\u011b typu Shotgun<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdhody:<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Historick\u00e9 kouzlo:<\/strong> Domy typu Shotgun jsou jedine\u010dnou a historickou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed architektury New Orleans.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dostupn\u00e9:<\/strong> Domy typu Shotgun jsou \u010dasto cenov\u011b dostupn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jin\u00e9 typy dom\u016f v New Orleans.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00da\u010dinn\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed prostoru:<\/strong> \u00dazk\u00fd p\u016fdorys domu typu Shotgun vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 prostor efektivn\u011b.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Spole\u010denstv\u00ed:<\/strong> Domy typu Shotgun \u010dasto podporuj\u00ed pocit soun\u00e1le\u017eitosti mezi obyvateli.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nev\u00fdhody:<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Nedostatek soukrom\u00ed:<\/strong> Absence chodeb v dom\u011b typu Shotgun m\u016f\u017ee zt\u011b\u017eovat soukrom\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Omezen\u00fd prostor:<\/strong> Domy typu Shotgun jsou typicky mal\u00e9, tak\u017ee je omezen\u00fd prostor pro n\u00e1bytek a v\u011bci.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hluk:<\/strong> Otev\u0159en\u00fd p\u016fdorys domu typu Shotgun m\u016f\u017ee zt\u011b\u017eovat \u00fanik p\u0159ed hlukem z jin\u00fdch m\u00edstnost\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Bezpe\u010dnost:<\/strong> Domy typu Shotgun mohou b\u00fdt n\u00e1chyln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ke vloup\u00e1n\u00ed kv\u016fli absenci chodeb a v\u00edce vchod\u016f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n\n<p>Domy typu Shotgun jsou jedine\u010dnou a ikonickou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed architektury a kultury New Orleans. Hr\u00e1ly v\u00fdznamnou roli v historii m\u011bsta a dodnes jsou obl\u00edbenou volbou obyvatel.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Domy typu Shotgun: Hlubok\u00fd ponor do ikonick\u00e9 architektury New Orleans Co je d\u016fm typu Shotgun? Domy typu Shotgun jsou \u00fazk\u00e9, jednopatrov\u00e9 domy, kter\u00e9 se typicky nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v New Orleans. Vyzna\u010duj\u00ed&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[10217,27,1522,63,10218,10216],"class_list":["post-5870","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-new-orleans-architecture","tag-history","tag-community","tag-culture","tag-cultural-landmark","tag-shotgun-houses"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5870","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5870"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5870\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5871,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5870\/revisions\/5871"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5870"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5870"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5870"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}