{"id":5981,"date":"2024-08-24T18:52:00","date_gmt":"2024-08-24T18:52:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=5981"},"modified":"2024-08-24T18:52:00","modified_gmt":"2024-08-24T18:52:00","slug":"growing-and-caring-for-hazelnut-trees","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/agriculture\/growing-and-caring-for-hazelnut-trees\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u00e9\u010de o l\u00edskov\u00e9 o\u0159echy: Pr\u016fvodce k lahodn\u00fdm o\u0159ech\u016fm"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">P\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u00e9\u010de o l\u00edskov\u00e9 o\u0159echy<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00davod<\/h2>\n\n<p>L\u00edsky obecn\u00e9 (Corylus avellana), zn\u00e1m\u00e9 tak\u00e9 jako l\u00edskov\u00e9 o\u0159echy, jsou atraktivn\u00ed mal\u00e9 stromy nebo ke\u0159e, kter\u00e9 produkuj\u00ed lahodn\u00e9 o\u0159echy. Krom\u011b sv\u00e9 kulin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 hodnoty jsou l\u00edsky cen\u011bny tak\u00e9 pro svou okrasnou p\u0159ita\u017elivost.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdsadba<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Kdy s\u00e1zet:<\/strong> L\u00edsky s\u00e1zejte v obdob\u00ed vegeta\u010dn\u00edho klidu, nejl\u00e9pe na konci zimy nebo brzy na ja\u0159e.<\/li>\n<li><strong>V\u00fdb\u011br m\u00edsta pro v\u00fdsadbu:<\/strong> Zvolte m\u00edsto, kter\u00e9 dost\u00e1v\u00e1 alespo\u0148 8 hodin pln\u00e9ho slune\u010dn\u00edho svitu denn\u011b. P\u016fda by m\u011bla b\u00fdt bohat\u00e1, dob\u0159e odvodn\u011bn\u00e1 a m\u00edrn\u011b kysel\u00e1 (pH 6,3-6,8).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Rozestupy, hloubka a opora:<\/strong> Stromy vysazujte ve vzd\u00e1lenosti 4,5 a\u017e 5,5 metru od sebe. Vykopejte d\u00edru dostate\u010dn\u011b \u0161irokou a hlubokou, aby se do n\u00ed ve\u0161el ko\u0159enov\u00fd syst\u00e9m ve tvaru J. Nasypte na dno d\u00edry trochu p\u016fdy a rozprost\u0159ete ko\u0159eny. Horn\u00ed ko\u0159en p\u0159ekryjte 5 a\u017e 7,5 cm p\u016fdy. Udusejte p\u016fdu a d\u016fkladn\u011b zalijte.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">P\u00e9\u010de<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Sv\u011btlo:<\/strong> Pro optim\u00e1ln\u00ed produkci kv\u011bt\u016f a o\u0159ech\u016f um\u00edst\u011bte l\u00edsky na m\u00edsto, kter\u00e9 dost\u00e1v\u00e1 pln\u00e9 slunce po v\u011bt\u0161inu dne. Snesou i \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00fd st\u00edn, ale produkce kv\u011bt\u016f se sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>P\u016fda:<\/strong> L\u00edsky jsou p\u0159izp\u016fsobiv\u00e9 r\u016fzn\u00fdm typ\u016fm p\u016fdy, ale preferuj\u00ed dob\u0159e odvodn\u011bn\u00e9 p\u00eds\u010dit\u00e9 hl\u00edny. Vyhn\u011bte se hutn\u00fdm p\u016fd\u00e1m, j\u00edl\u016fm nebo kamenit\u00fdm p\u016fd\u00e1m.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Voda:<\/strong> L\u00edsky zal\u00e9vejte pravideln\u011b, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b v obdob\u00ed sucha. Zaveden\u00e9 stromy vy\u017eaduj\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 38 litr\u016f vody na ka\u017ed\u00fdch 2,5 cm pr\u016fm\u011bru kmene t\u00fddn\u011b.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Teplota a vlhkost:<\/strong> L\u00edsky se da\u0159\u00ed v m\u00edrn\u00e9m podneb\u00ed (z\u00f3ny USDA 4-8). Nesn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed extr\u00e9mn\u00ed zimu, horko nebo vysokou vlhkost.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hnojivo:<\/strong> Pro dosa\u017een\u00ed nejlep\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdsledk\u016f p\u0159ihnojujte l\u00edsky na podzim organick\u00fdm, pomalu se uvol\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edm hnojivem pro ovocn\u00e9 stromy. P\u0159i d\u00e1vkov\u00e1n\u00ed postupujte podle pokyn\u016f na etiket\u011b v\u00fdrobku.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Opylov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Pokud chcete p\u011bstovat evropsk\u00e9 l\u00edsky pro jejich o\u0159echy, pot\u0159ebujete alespo\u0148 dv\u011b r\u016fzn\u00e9 odr\u016fdy Corylus avellana, abyste zajistili k\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00e9 opylen\u00ed. Mezi obl\u00edben\u00e9 odr\u016fdy pat\u0159\u00ed &#8220;Jefferson&#8221;, &#8220;McDonald&#8221;, &#8220;PollyO&#8221;, &#8220;Wepster&#8221; a &#8220;Yamhill&#8221;. Katalogy \u0161kolek obvykle uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed, kter\u00e9 odr\u016fdy se navz\u00e1jem nejl\u00e9pe opyluj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sklize\u0148<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Zral\u00e9 o\u0159echy:<\/strong> Zral\u00e9 l\u00edskoo\u0159\u00ed\u0161ky samy opad\u00e1vaj\u00ed v pr\u016fb\u011bhu n\u011bkolika t\u00fddn\u016f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sb\u011br o\u0159ech\u016f:<\/strong> O\u0159echy sb\u00edrejte pravideln\u011b, ne\u017e je uzobaj\u00ed pt\u00e1ci a zv\u00ed\u0159ata. P\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b m\u016f\u017eete pod l\u00edsku polo\u017eit plachtu nebo star\u00e9 prost\u011bradlo a jemn\u011b s n\u00ed zat\u0159\u00e1st, abyste o\u0159echy uvolnili.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">P\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed v kv\u011btin\u00e1\u010d\u00edch<\/h2>\n\n<p>Kv\u016fli sv\u00e9mu rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9mu ko\u0159enov\u00e9mu syst\u00e9mu nejsou l\u00edsky vhodn\u00e9 pro p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed v n\u00e1dob\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0158ez<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>V\u00fdhony:<\/strong> Odstra\u0148te v\u0161echny v\u00fdhony, kter\u00e9 l\u00edsky vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed. Odstra\u0148te v\u0161echny v\u00fdhony, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed hlavn\u00edm v\u011btv\u00edm.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Bo\u010dn\u00ed v\u011btve:<\/strong> Vyhn\u011bte se odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed bo\u010dn\u00edch v\u011btv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 chr\u00e1n\u00ed kmen p\u0159ed slune\u010dn\u00edm z\u00e1\u0159en\u00edm. Nadm\u011brn\u00fd \u0159ez m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k bujn\u00e9mu r\u016fstu v\u00fdhon\u016f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mno\u017een\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>L\u00edsky se obvykle mno\u017e\u00ed h\u0159\u00ed\u017een\u00edm nebo roubov\u00e1n\u00edm, co\u017e jsou techniky, kter\u00e9 je nejlep\u0161\u00ed nechat na odborn\u00edc\u00edch ve \u0161kolk\u00e1ch. P\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed ze semen se nedoporu\u010duje.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Zimov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Evropsk\u00e9 l\u00edsky dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt zimy a\u017e do z\u00f3ny 4. Kvetou v\u0161ak d\u0159\u00edve ne\u017e jejich americk\u00e9 prot\u011bj\u0161ky, tak\u017ee je m\u016f\u017ee po\u0161kodit neobvykle chladn\u00e9 po\u010das\u00ed na za\u010d\u00e1tku jara. Vyberte odr\u016fdy, kter\u00e9 jsou odoln\u00e9 v oblasti, kde \u017eijete.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B\u011b\u017en\u00ed \u0161k\u016fdci a choroby<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Pl\u00edse\u0148 l\u00edsky (EFB):<\/strong> Tato houba zp\u016fsobuje rakovinu a zabije strom b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika let. Vyberte odr\u016fdy, kter\u00e9 byly vy\u0161lecht\u011bny pro odolnost.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0160k\u016fdci:<\/strong> Mezi \u0161k\u016fdce, kte\u0159\u00ed mohou napadat l\u00edsky, pat\u0159\u00ed puklice a mandelinky.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u010casto kladen\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Jak dlouho trv\u00e1, ne\u017e l\u00edskoo\u0159\u00ed\u0161ek za\u010dne plodit?<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Trv\u00e1 to asi \u010dty\u0159i roky do prvn\u00ed lehk\u00e9 sklizn\u011b. Od \u0161est\u00e9ho a sedm\u00e9ho roku m\u016f\u017eete o\u010dek\u00e1vat v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u00farodu.<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<li><strong>Je mo\u017en\u00e9 zasadit jen jeden l\u00edskoo\u0159\u00ed\u0161ek?<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Pokud m\u00e1te z\u00e1jem pouze o okrasnou hodnotu l\u00edsky, sta\u010d\u00ed jeden exempl\u00e1\u0159. Pro produkci o\u0159ech\u016f pot\u0159ebujete dv\u011b nebo v\u00edce odr\u016fd, kter\u00e9 se vz\u00e1jemn\u011b opyluj\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<li><strong>Existuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 druhy l\u00edsek?<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Existuje n\u011bkolik druh\u016f l\u00edsek. Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi druhy pro produkci o\u0159ech\u016f v Severn\u00ed Americe jsou l\u00edsky evropsk\u00e9, l\u00edsky americk\u00e9 (Corylus americana) a l\u00edsky zob\u00e1kovit\u00e9 (Corylus cornuta).<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>P\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u00e9\u010de o l\u00edskov\u00e9 o\u0159echy \u00davod L\u00edsky obecn\u00e9 (Corylus avellana), zn\u00e1m\u00e9 tak\u00e9 jako l\u00edskov\u00e9 o\u0159echy, jsou atraktivn\u00ed mal\u00e9 stromy nebo ke\u0159e, kter\u00e9 produkuj\u00ed lahodn\u00e9 o\u0159echy. Krom\u011b sv\u00e9 kulin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 hodnoty&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":24132,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1196],"tags":[10347,9177,10348,8848],"class_list":["post-5981","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-agriculture","tag-hazelnut-tree","tag-tree-care","tag-nut-production","tag-gardening"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5981","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5981"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5981\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24133,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5981\/revisions\/24133"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24132"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5981"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5981"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5981"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}