{"id":632,"date":"2019-08-25T14:33:17","date_gmt":"2019-08-25T14:33:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=632"},"modified":"2019-08-25T14:33:17","modified_gmt":"2019-08-25T14:33:17","slug":"adelie-penguins-satellite-images-reveal-colony-size-and-diet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/zoology\/adelie-penguins-satellite-images-reveal-colony-size-and-diet\/","title":{"rendered":"Satelitn\u00ed sn\u00edmky pom\u00e1haj\u00ed odhalit tajemstv\u00ed tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1k\u016f Ad\u00e9lie"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1ci Ad\u00e9lie: Satelitn\u00ed sn\u00edmky odhaluj\u00ed velikost koloni\u00ed a j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dek<\/h2>\n\n

Satelitn\u00ed sn\u00edmky vrhaj\u00ed sv\u011btlo na tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1\u010d\u00ed trus<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci financovan\u00ed NASA pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed satelitn\u00ed sn\u00edmky ke studiu tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1k\u016f Ad\u00e9lie, jednoho z nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edch a nejm\u00e9n\u011b z\u00e1hadn\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at na Zemi. Kl\u00ed\u010dem k jejich v\u00fdzkumu? Tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1\u010d\u00ed guano.<\/p>\n\n

Strava tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1k\u016f Ad\u00e9lie bohat\u00e1 na kril zbarvuje jejich guano do n\u00e1padn\u00e9 r\u016f\u017eov\u00e9 barvy, kter\u00e1 se na satelitn\u00edch sn\u00edmc\u00edch dob\u0159e zobrazuje. Studiem t\u011bchto sn\u00edmk\u016f mohou v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci naj\u00edt vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 kolonie tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1k\u016f a dokonce zp\u011btn\u011b sestavit j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dek a historii koloni\u00ed v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu.<\/p>\n\n

Guano odhaluje velikost kolonie<\/h2>\n\n

Satelitn\u00ed sn\u00edmky neukazuj\u00ed jednotliv\u00e9 tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1ky, ale mohou odhalit velikost kolonie detekc\u00ed jasn\u011b r\u016f\u017eov\u00fdch skvrn guana.<\/p>\n\n

“M\u016f\u017eeme pou\u017e\u00edt oblast kolonie, jak je definov\u00e1na skvrnou guana, abychom se zp\u011btn\u011b dostali k po\u010dtu p\u00e1r\u016f, kter\u00e9 musely b\u00fdt uvnit\u0159 kolonie,” \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Heather Lynch, ekolo\u017eka na Stony Brook University.<\/p>\n\n

Algoritmus objevuje skrytou kolonii<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci str\u00e1vili 10 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f studiem satelitn\u00edch sn\u00edmk\u016f antarktick\u00fdch ostrov\u016f, aby vytvo\u0159ili glob\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159ehled koloni\u00ed tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1k\u016f Ad\u00e9lie. Uv\u011bdomili si v\u0161ak, \u017ee jim unikla obrovsk\u00e1 kolonie na ostrov\u011b Hero\u00edna ve vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch Danger Islands.<\/p>\n\n

Obr\u00e1tili se na algoritmus, kter\u00fd jim pomohl naj\u00edt pixely barvy broskvov\u011b-guanoov\u00e9, a algoritmus objevil skrytou kolonii.<\/p>\n\n

“Mysleli jsme si, \u017ee v\u00edme, kde jsou v\u0161echny kolonie tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1k\u016f [Ad\u00e9lie],” \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Lynch. “Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee jsme ji \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b p\u0159ehl\u00e9dli, proto\u017ee jsme neo\u010dek\u00e1vali, \u017ee je tam najdeme.”<\/p>\n\n

Satelitn\u00ed sn\u00edmky sleduj\u00ed zm\u011bny populace<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci zkoumaj\u00ed satelitn\u00ed sn\u00edmky sahaj\u00edc\u00ed a\u017e do roku 1982, aby se dozv\u011bd\u011bli o n\u00e1r\u016fstu a poklesu populace jednotliv\u00fdch koloni\u00ed Ad\u00e9lie.<\/p>\n\n

“Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu nebyl pozorov\u00e1n \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd z\u0159ejm\u00fd trend ve strav\u011b, navzdory zm\u011bn\u00e1m fyzick\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed,” \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Casey Youngflesh, postdoktorand na University of Connecticut. “Bylo to velk\u00e9 p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed, proto\u017ee po\u010detnost a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1k\u016f Ad\u00e9lie se za posledn\u00edch 40 let dramaticky zm\u011bnilo a v\u011bdci p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dali, \u017ee zm\u011bna ve strav\u011b mohla sehr\u00e1t roli.”<\/p>\n\n

Anal\u00fdza guana potvrzuje odhady stravy<\/h2>\n\n

Aby sv\u016fj n\u00e1pad otestovali, t\u00fdm odebral vzorky guana z koloni\u00ed. Zjistili, \u017ee jejich odhady stravy ze satelitn\u00edch sn\u00edmk\u016f p\u0159esn\u011b odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed tomu, co tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1ci skute\u010dn\u011b jed\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

\u017d\u00e1dn\u00e1 souvislost mezi stravou a velikost\u00ed populace<\/h2>\n\n

Kdy\u017e v\u0161ak porovnali \u00fadaje o strav\u011b s v\u00fdkyvy ve velikosti koloni\u00ed, byli p\u0159ekvapeni, \u017ee nena\u0161li \u017e\u00e1dnou silnou souvislost.<\/p>\n\n

“Bylo to velk\u00e9 p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed, proto\u017ee po\u010detnost a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1k\u016f Ad\u00e9lie se za posledn\u00edch 40 let dramaticky zm\u011bnilo a v\u011bdci p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dali, \u017ee zm\u011bna ve strav\u011b mohla sehr\u00e1t roli,” \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Youngflesh.<\/p>\n\n

Pochopen\u00ed zm\u011bn v populaci<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci by cht\u011bli l\u00e9pe porozum\u011bt dramatick\u00fdm zm\u011bn\u00e1m populace pozorovan\u00fdm v n\u011bkter\u00fdch koloni\u00edch tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1k\u016f Ad\u00e9lie. Prvn\u00edm krokem k pochopen\u00ed toho, co se d\u011bje, je z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ehledu o velikosti koloni\u00ed a jejich p\u0159irozen\u00fdch v\u00fdkyvech v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu.<\/p>\n\n

To pom\u016f\u017ee v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk\u016fm spravovat a chr\u00e1nit tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1ky, proto\u017ee na jejich hn\u00edzdi\u0161t\u011b tla\u010d\u00ed v\u00edce um\u011bl\u00fdch hrozeb, v\u010detn\u011b zm\u011bny klimatu a rybolovu krilu.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1ci Ad\u00e9lie: Satelitn\u00ed sn\u00edmky odhaluj\u00ed velikost koloni\u00ed a j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dek Satelitn\u00ed sn\u00edmky vrhaj\u00ed sv\u011btlo na tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1\u010d\u00ed trus V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci financovan\u00ed NASA pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed satelitn\u00ed sn\u00edmky ke studiu tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1k\u016f Ad\u00e9lie, jednoho z nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edch a…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[280],"tags":[1557,295,1556,1554,1553,1555,1558],"class_list":["post-632","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-zoology","tag-remote-sensing","tag-diet","tag-guano","tag-satellite-images","tag-adelie-penguins","tag-colony-size","tag-wildlife-research"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/632","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=632"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/632\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":633,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/632\/revisions\/633"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=632"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=632"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=632"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}