{"id":6482,"date":"2020-05-25T02:44:15","date_gmt":"2020-05-25T02:44:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=6482"},"modified":"2020-05-25T02:44:15","modified_gmt":"2020-05-25T02:44:15","slug":"ferns-a-comprehensive-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/botany\/ferns-a-comprehensive-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"Kapradiny: v\u00e1\u0161 kompletn\u00ed pr\u016fvodce"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kapradiny: Komplexn\u00ed pr\u016fvodce<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Co jsou kapradiny?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Kapradiny jsou r\u016fznorodou a prad\u00e1vn\u00e9 skupinou rostlin, kter\u00e9 se na Zemi da\u0159\u00ed ji\u017e miliony let. Pat\u0159\u00ed do t\u0159\u00eddy Polypodiopsida a jsou charakteristick\u00e9 sv\u00fdmi jedine\u010dn\u00fdmi listy (velk\u00fdmi, d\u011blen\u00fdmi listy), kter\u00e9 dod\u00e1vaj\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9mu prost\u0159ed\u00ed texturu, barvu a celoro\u010dn\u00ed zaj\u00edmavost.<\/p>\n\n<p>Kapradiny se rozmno\u017euj\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm spor, co\u017e jsou mal\u00e9 te\u010dky, kter\u00e9 se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed na spodn\u00ed stran\u011b jejich list\u016f. Na rozd\u00edl od v\u011bt\u0161iny rostlin kapradiny nevytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed kv\u011btiny ani semena.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Druhy kapradin<\/h2>\n\n<p>Existuje v\u00edce ne\u017e 10 000 zn\u00e1m\u00fdch druh\u016f kapradin, z nich\u017e ka\u017ed\u00e1 m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed jedine\u010dn\u00e9 vlastnosti a p\u011bstebn\u00ed n\u00e1roky. Mezi n\u011bkter\u00e9 z nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00edch druh\u016f pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ostru\u017en\u00edk jedl\u00fd<\/strong> (Matteuccia struthiopteris): Opadav\u00e1 kapradina s dlouh\u00fdmi, obloukovit\u00fdmi listy, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed p\u0161tros\u00ed pera.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nephrolepis biserrata<\/strong> (Nephrolepis biserrata): Sm\u011bl\u00e1 a n\u00e1padn\u00e1 kapradina se sv\u011btle zelen\u00fdmi listy, kter\u00e9 mohou dor\u016fst a\u017e do d\u00e9lky 1,2 metru.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nephrolepis cordifolia \u2018Duffii\u2019<\/strong> (Nephrolepis cordifolia \u2018Duffii\u2019): Kompaktn\u00ed a odoln\u00e1 kapradina s citronovou v\u016fn\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Polystichum munitum<\/strong> (Polystichum munitum): Jemn\u00e1 a elegantn\u00ed kapradina s dlouh\u00fdmi, me\u010dovit\u00fdmi listy.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dryopteris erythrosora<\/strong> (Dryopteris erythrosora): N\u00edzk\u00e1 kapradina s n\u00e1padn\u00fdmi m\u011bd\u011bn\u011b \u010derven\u00fdmi listy na ja\u0159e, kter\u00e9 v l\u00e9t\u011b zezelenaj\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Athyrium filix-femina<\/strong> (Athyrium filix-femina): Graci\u00e9zn\u00ed a p\u0159izp\u016fsobiv\u00e1 kapradina se \u0161pi\u010dat\u00fdmi listy.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Athyrium niponicum<\/strong> (Athyrium niponicum): Dramatick\u00e1 kapradina se st\u0159\u00edb\u0159it\u00fdmi listy.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nephrolepis exaltata<\/strong> (Nephrolepis exaltata): Klasick\u00e1 pokojov\u00e1 rostlina s bujn\u00fdmi, p\u0159evisl\u00fdmi listy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">P\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed kapradin<\/h2>\n\n<p>Kapradiny jsou obecn\u011b snadno p\u011bstovateln\u00e9 a mohou prosperovat v r\u016fzn\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch. Zde je n\u011bkolik tip\u016f pro \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed kapradin:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Sv\u011btlo:<\/strong> V\u011bt\u0161ina kapradin preferuje stinn\u00e1 nebo \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b stinn\u00e1 m\u00edsta, i kdy\u017e n\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy sn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed pln\u00e9 slunce.<\/li>\n<li><strong>P\u016fda:<\/strong> Kapradiny preferuj\u00ed dob\u0159e propustnou, hum\u00f3zn\u00ed p\u016fdu, kter\u00e1 je udr\u017eov\u00e1na neust\u00e1le vlhk\u00e1.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Voda:<\/strong> Kapradiny vy\u017eaduj\u00ed pravidelnou z\u00e1livku, zejm\u00e9na v tepl\u00e9m a such\u00e9m po\u010das\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hnojivo:<\/strong> Kapradiny hnojte m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u011b vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00fdm hnojivem b\u011bhem vegeta\u010dn\u00edho obdob\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdhody a vyu\u017eit\u00ed kapradin<\/h2>\n\n<p>Kapradiny nab\u00edzej\u00ed \u0159adu v\u00fdhod a lze je vyu\u017e\u00edt r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u010ci\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vzduchu:<\/strong> Kapradiny pom\u00e1haj\u00ed \u010distit vzduch t\u00edm, \u017ee odstra\u0148uj\u00ed toxiny a zvy\u0161uj\u00ed vlhkost.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kontrola eroze:<\/strong> Kapradiny s hust\u00fdmi ko\u0159enov\u00fdmi syst\u00e9my mohou pomoci zabr\u00e1nit erozi p\u016fdy na svaz\u00edch a b\u0159ez\u00edch.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Biotop pro divokou zv\u011b\u0159:<\/strong> Kapradiny poskytuj\u00ed \u00fakryt a potravu pro celou \u0159adu divok\u00e9 zv\u011b\u0159e, v\u010detn\u011b pt\u00e1k\u016f, hmyzu a oboj\u017eiveln\u00edk\u016f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Krajin\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed:<\/strong> Kapradiny lze pou\u017e\u00edt k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed bujn\u00fdch a l\u00e1kav\u00fdch krajin v zahrad\u00e1ch, parc\u00edch a dal\u0161\u00edch venkovn\u00edch prostor\u00e1ch.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pokojov\u00e9 rostliny:<\/strong> Mnoho druh\u016f kapradin je vynikaj\u00edc\u00edmi pokojov\u00fdmi rostlinami, kter\u00e9 dod\u00e1vaj\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9 m\u00edstnosti n\u00e1dech zelen\u011b a klidu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n\n<p>Kapradiny jsou fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed a v\u0161estrannou skupinou rostlin, kter\u00e9 mohou vylep\u0161it ka\u017ed\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed. A\u0165 u\u017e hled\u00e1te nen\u00e1ro\u010dnou pokojovou rostlinu nebo p\u016fvabn\u00fd dopln\u011bk do sv\u00e9 zahrady, ur\u010dit\u011b existuje kapradina, kter\u00e1 spln\u00ed va\u0161e pot\u0159eby. Pochopen\u00edm r\u016fzn\u00fdch druh\u016f kapradin a jejich p\u011bstebn\u00edch n\u00e1rok\u016f m\u016f\u017eete \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b p\u011bstovat tyto prastar\u00e9 rostliny a u\u017e\u00edvat si jejich kr\u00e1su po mnoho let.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kapradiny: Komplexn\u00ed pr\u016fvodce Co jsou kapradiny? Kapradiny jsou r\u016fznorodou a prad\u00e1vn\u00e9 skupinou rostlin, kter\u00e9 se na Zemi da\u0159\u00ed ji\u017e miliony let. Pat\u0159\u00ed do t\u0159\u00eddy Polypodiopsida a jsou charakteristick\u00e9 sv\u00fdmi jedine\u010dn\u00fdmi&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1823],"tags":[3925,8819,9032,252,8903,8848],"class_list":["post-6482","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-botany","tag-ferns","tag-landscaping","tag-houseplants","tag-nature","tag-plants","tag-gardening"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6482","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6482"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6482\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6483,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6482\/revisions\/6483"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6482"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6482"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6482"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}