{"id":676,"date":"2024-05-20T16:48:34","date_gmt":"2024-05-20T16:48:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=676"},"modified":"2024-05-20T16:48:34","modified_gmt":"2024-05-20T16:48:34","slug":"oldest-highest-stone-age-shelter-peru","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/archaeology\/oldest-highest-stone-age-shelter-peru\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00dakryt z doby kamenn\u00e9 v Peru: Nejstar\u0161\u00ed a nejv\u00fd\u0161e polo\u017een\u00e1 lidsk\u00e1 osada, jak\u00e1 kdy byla objevena"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00dakryt z doby kamenn\u00e9 v Peru: Nejstar\u0161\u00ed a nejv\u00fd\u0161e polo\u017een\u00e1 lidsk\u00e1 osada<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Objev a v\u00fdznam<\/h2>\n\n<p>Vysoko v ji\u017en\u00edch peru\u00e1nsk\u00fdch And\u00e1ch odhalili archeologov\u00e9 starov\u011bk\u00fd \u00fakryt z doby kamenn\u00e9, kter\u00fd nese titul nejstar\u0161\u00ed a nejv\u00fd\u0161e polo\u017een\u00e9 lidsk\u00e9 osady, jak\u00e1 kdy byla objevena. Toto pozoruhodn\u00e9 m\u00edsto le\u017e\u00ed v nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 14 700 stop a nab\u00edz\u00ed pohled do p\u0159izp\u016fsobivosti a vynal\u00e9zavosti ran\u00fdch lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">D\u016fkazy lidsk\u00e9ho os\u00eddlen\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Saze za\u010dernal\u00e9 stropy \u00fakrytu a st\u011bny zdoben\u00e9 skaln\u00edmi malbami sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o p\u0159\u00edtomnosti lid\u00ed p\u0159ed tis\u00edci lety. Vykop\u00e1vky odhalily poklad artefakt\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b keramiky, kost\u011bn\u00fdch kor\u00e1lk\u016f, k\u0159i\u0161\u0165\u00e1l\u016f k\u0159emene, zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00edch kost\u00ed a zuhelnat\u011bl\u00fdch zbytk\u016f d\u0159evit\u00fdch ke\u0159\u016f pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch k rozd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed ohn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u017d\u00edla obsidi\u00e1nu a v\u00fdroba n\u00e1stroj\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<p>Nedalek\u00e1 \u017e\u00edla obsidi\u00e1nu, sope\u010dn\u00e9ho skla cen\u011bn\u00e9ho pro jeho ostrou \u0159eznou hranu, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b p\u0159il\u00e1kala d\u00e1vn\u00e9 lidi na toto m\u00edsto. Archeologov\u00e9 objevili nedaleko \u00fakrytu venkovn\u00ed d\u00edlnu obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159es 260 n\u00e1stroj\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b ru\u010dn\u00edch seker a hrot\u016f o\u0161t\u011bp\u016f, z nich\u017e n\u011bkter\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt a\u017e 12 800 let star\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Extr\u00e9mn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed a lidsk\u00e1 adaptace<\/h2>\n\n<p>V takov\u00e9 nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce p\u0159edstavovalo prost\u0159ed\u00ed pro ran\u00e9 lidi zna\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy. \u0158\u00eddk\u00fd vzduch poskytoval m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 60 % kysl\u00edku dostupn\u00e9ho v \u00farovni mo\u0159e, co\u017e vy\u017eadovalo, aby konzumovali v\u00edce kalori\u00ed, aby p\u0159e\u017eili. Such\u00e1 krajina nab\u00edzela m\u00e1lo paliva pro ohn\u011b, co\u017e je nutilo p\u0159izp\u016fsobit sv\u00e9 strategie p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Os\u00eddlen\u00ed po cel\u00fd rok a d\u016fkazy o rodin\u00e1ch<\/h2>\n\n<p>Archeolo\u017eka Sonia Zarrillo se domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee \u00fakryt mohl b\u00fdt ob\u00fdv\u00e1n po cel\u00fd rok, a ne pouze jako do\u010dasn\u00fd loveck\u00fd t\u00e1bor. P\u0159\u00edtomnost \u0161irok\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1ly artefakt\u016f nazna\u010duje, \u017ee na m\u00edst\u011b mohly \u017e\u00edt rodiny, jak dokl\u00e1d\u00e1 objev kost\u011bn\u00fdch kor\u00e1lk\u016f, k\u0159i\u0161\u0165\u00e1l\u016f k\u0159emene a dal\u0161\u00edch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou b\u011b\u017en\u011b spojov\u00e1ny s dom\u00e1c\u00edm \u017eivotem.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hled\u00e1n\u00ed lokality<\/h2>\n\n<p>Vedouc\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk Kurt Rademaker toto m\u00edsto hledal od 90. let. Jeho po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed objev obsidi\u00e1nov\u00e9ho n\u00e1stroje na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Peru, daleko od jak\u00e9hokoli zn\u00e1m\u00e9ho sope\u010dn\u00e9ho zdroje, ho vedl ke spekulac\u00edm, \u017ee ran\u00ed lid\u00e9 museli cestovat do vyso\u010diny, aby z\u00edskali tento cenn\u00fd materi\u00e1l. Rademaker\u016fv t\u00fdm nakonec objevil nov\u011b objeven\u00e1 m\u00edsta v p\u00e1nvi Pucuncho.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdznam pro pochopen\u00ed lidsk\u00fdch d\u011bjin<\/h2>\n\n<p>Objev tohoto \u00fakrytu z doby kamenn\u00e9 poskytuje cenn\u00e9 poznatky o p\u0159izp\u016fsobivosti a vynal\u00e9zavosti ran\u00fdch lid\u00ed. Demonstruje jejich schopnost p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt a prosperovat v extr\u00e9mn\u00edch prost\u0159ed\u00edch a jejich ochotu cestovat na velk\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti, aby z\u00edskali nezbytn\u00e9 zdroje. Toto m\u00edsto tak\u00e9 osv\u011btluje ran\u00e9 os\u00eddlen\u00ed Ji\u017en\u00ed Ameriky a migra\u010dn\u00ed vzorce starov\u011bk\u00fdch populac\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dal\u0161\u00ed podrobnosti<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u00dakryt obsahuje dv\u011b skaln\u00ed v\u00fdklenky, kter\u00e9 byly vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny k bydlen\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Lokalita se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v p\u00e1nvi Pucuncho, such\u00e9 oblasti s malou vegetac\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>\u017d\u00edla obsidi\u00e1nu je vzd\u00e1len\u00e1 m\u00edle od nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed sope\u010dn\u00e9 horniny, co\u017e nazna\u010duje, \u017ee ran\u00ed lid\u00e9 cestovali zna\u010dn\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti, aby z\u00edskali tento materi\u00e1l.<\/li>\n<li>Objev lokality odhaluje v\u00fdznam obsidi\u00e1nu v \u017eivot\u011b ran\u00fdch lid\u00ed a jejich ochotu p\u0159izp\u016fsobit se n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdm prost\u0159ed\u00edm.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00dakryt z doby kamenn\u00e9 v Peru: Nejstar\u0161\u00ed a nejv\u00fd\u0161e polo\u017een\u00e1 lidsk\u00e1 osada Objev a v\u00fdznam Vysoko v ji\u017en\u00edch peru\u00e1nsk\u00fdch And\u00e1ch odhalili archeologov\u00e9 starov\u011bk\u00fd \u00fakryt z doby kamenn\u00e9, kter\u00fd nese titul&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":23476,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[191],"tags":[1647,1645,88,1642,487,1646,1644,1643],"class_list":["post-676","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archaeology","tag-adaptation","tag-andes-mountains","tag-archaeology","tag-stone-age","tag-human-evolution","tag-obsidian","tag-peru","tag-ancient-history"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/676","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=676"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/676\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":677,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/676\/revisions\/677"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23476"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=676"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=676"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=676"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}