{"id":708,"date":"2020-02-22T15:26:35","date_gmt":"2020-02-22T15:26:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=708"},"modified":"2020-02-22T15:26:35","modified_gmt":"2020-02-22T15:26:35","slug":"southern-route-out-of-africa-evidence-and-controversies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/anthropology-and-archaeology\/southern-route-out-of-africa-evidence-and-controversies\/","title":{"rendered":"Ji\u017en\u00ed cesta ven z Afriky: D\u016fkazy a kontroverze"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ji\u017en\u00ed cesta ven z Afriky: D\u016fkazy a kontroverze<\/h2>\n\n

Exodu modern\u00edch lid\u00ed z Afriky<\/h2>\n\n

Modern\u00ed lid\u00e9 se vyvinuli v Africe asi p\u0159ed 200 000 lety. Nakonec se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ili, aby os\u00eddlili zbytek sv\u011bta. Nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed cesta ven z Afriky vede pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b severn\u00edm Egyptem, p\u0159es Sinajsk\u00fd poloostrov a do dne\u0161n\u00edho Izraele a Jord\u00e1nska. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b ned\u00e1vn\u00fd v\u00fdzkum nazna\u010duje, \u017ee mohla b\u00fdt pr\u016fchodn\u00e1 i alternativn\u00ed cesta, zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako ji\u017en\u00ed trasa.<\/p>\n\n

Hypot\u00e9za ji\u017en\u00ed trasy<\/h2>\n\n

Hypot\u00e9za ji\u017en\u00ed trasy p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee lid\u00e9 opustili Afriku z Africk\u00e9ho rohu, p\u0159ekro\u010dili Rud\u00e9 mo\u0159e a vstoupili do ji\u017en\u00ed Ar\u00e1bie. Genetick\u00e9 a archeologick\u00e9 d\u016fkazy nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee tato trasa byla potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed alternativou k severn\u00ed cest\u011b. Lid\u00e9 mohli dorazit do Asie mezi 80 000 a 60 000 lety a nakonec o des\u00edtky tis\u00edc let pozd\u011bji do Evropy.<\/p>\n\n

Archeologick\u00e9 d\u016fkazy<\/h2>\n\n

V roce 2023 objevili v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci kamenn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje ve Spojen\u00fdch arabsk\u00fdch emir\u00e1tech na archeologick\u00e9m nalezi\u0161ti zvan\u00e9m D\u017eebel F\u00e1j\u00e1, pouh\u00fdch 35 mil od Persk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu. Tyto n\u00e1stroje, v\u010detn\u011b ru\u010dn\u00edch seker a \u0161krab\u00e1tek, byly datov\u00e1ny do doby p\u0159ed 125 000 lety. Tento n\u00e1lez nazna\u010duje, \u017ee \u010dasn\u00ed lid\u00e9 byli p\u0159\u00edtomni v jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Ar\u00e1bii mnohem d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e se d\u0159\u00edve myslelo. Nen\u00ed v\u0161ak jasn\u00e9, zda tito jedinci cestovali d\u00e1le nebo z\u016fstali v t\u00e9to oblasti.<\/p>\n\n

Geologick\u00e9 d\u016fkazy<\/h2>\n\n

Geologov\u00e9 tak\u00e9 p\u0159isp\u011bli k pochopen\u00ed ji\u017en\u00ed trasy. Ar\u00e1bie, nyn\u00ed rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 pou\u0161\u0165, za\u017eila v pr\u016fb\u011bhu historie st\u0159\u00eddav\u00e9 cykly pou\u0161t\u011b a travnat\u00fdch porost\u016f. Studium starov\u011bk\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed umo\u017enilo geolog\u016fm identifikovat \u201eokna p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed\u201c, kdy se mohli lid\u00e9 \u0161\u00ed\u0159it do Ar\u00e1bie, kdy\u017e byla pohostinnou savanou.<\/p>\n\n

N\u00e1nosy v jihoz\u00e1padn\u00ed Saudsk\u00e9 Ar\u00e1bii nazna\u010duj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnost m\u011blk\u00fdch sladkovodn\u00edch jezer v t\u00e9to oblasti p\u0159ed 80 000, 100 000 a 125 000 lety, co\u017e nazna\u010duje vlh\u010d\u00ed klima. Tyto p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 podm\u00ednky by podpo\u0159ily \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed lid\u00ed pod\u00e9l ji\u017en\u00ed trasy do Asie.<\/p>\n\n

P\u0159echod Rud\u00e9ho mo\u0159e<\/h2>\n\n

Rud\u00e9 mo\u0159e p\u0159edstavuje pro lidskou migraci z Afriky do Ar\u00e1bie v\u00fdznamnou p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eku. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b stejn\u011b jako podneb\u00ed Ar\u00e1bie, ani Rud\u00e9 mo\u0159e nez\u016fstalo statick\u00e9. Jeho hladina mo\u0159e kol\u00edsala v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu v d\u016fsledku t\u00e1n\u00ed a tvorby ledovcov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edkrov\u016f a tektonick\u00e9 aktivity.<\/p>\n\n

Studie starov\u011bk\u00fdch z\u00e1znam\u016f o hladin\u011b mo\u0159e a topografie mo\u0159sk\u00e9ho dna ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee v posledn\u00edch 400 000 letech nikdy neexistoval \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd pevninsk\u00fd most spojuj\u00edc\u00ed Afriku a ji\u017en\u00ed Ar\u00e1bii. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b v posledn\u00edch 150 000 letech byla obdob\u00ed, kdy \u0161\u00ed\u0159ka kan\u00e1lu odd\u011bluj\u00edc\u00edho ob\u011b pevniny byla men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 2,5 m\u00edle.<\/p>\n\n

S tak \u00fazk\u00fdmi p\u0159echody by lid\u00e9 nepot\u0159ebovali sofistikovan\u00e9 lod\u011b ani n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed technologii. Posta\u010dily by jednoduch\u00e9 vory. Nav\u00edc tato p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e1 obdob\u00ed souvisej\u00ed s obdob\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdch environment\u00e1ln\u00edch podm\u00ednek v Ar\u00e1bii.<\/p>\n\n

Zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed ot\u00e1zky a budouc\u00ed v\u00fdzkum<\/h2>\n\n

Abychom mohli ji\u017en\u00ed trasu pova\u017eovat za dob\u0159e zavedenou migra\u010dn\u00ed trasu modern\u00edch lid\u00ed, je nutn\u00fd dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkum. Cenn\u00e9 poznatky by p\u0159inesly dal\u0161\u00ed objevy fosili\u00ed a kamenn\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f. Archeologick\u00fd v\u00fdzkum v regionu z tohoto obdob\u00ed je v\u0161ak kv\u016fli probl\u00e9m\u016fm s ter\u00e9nn\u00edmi pracemi omezen\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n

Navzdory t\u011bmto v\u00fdzv\u00e1m m\u016f\u017ee sb\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed se d\u016fkazy pro ji\u017en\u00ed trasu p\u0159im\u011bt v\u00edce archeolog\u016f a paleoantropolog\u016f k pr\u016fzkumu ji\u017en\u00ed Ar\u00e1bie ve stop\u00e1ch na\u0161ich d\u00e1vn\u00fdch p\u0159edk\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00fdznam ji\u017en\u00ed trasy<\/h2>\n\n

Ji\u017en\u00ed cesta ven z Afriky p\u0159edstavuje alternativn\u00ed cestu pro lidskou migraci z tohoto kontinentu. Jej\u00ed pr\u016fchodnost nazna\u010duje, \u017ee se \u010dasn\u00ed lid\u00e9 mo\u017en\u00e1 p\u0159izp\u016fsobili r\u016fzn\u00fdm prost\u0159ed\u00edm a vyu\u017e\u00edvali r\u016fzn\u00e9 strategie \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed, aby os\u00eddlili sv\u011bt.<\/p>\n\n

Pochopen\u00ed ji\u017en\u00ed trasy tak\u00e9 vrh\u00e1 sv\u011btlo na slo\u017eitost vzorc\u016f lidsk\u00e9 migrace a v\u00fdzvy, kter\u00fdm na\u0161i p\u0159edci \u010delili, kdy\u017e se vyd\u00e1vali na nov\u00e1 \u00fazem\u00ed.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ji\u017en\u00ed cesta ven z Afriky: D\u016fkazy a kontroverze Exodu modern\u00edch lid\u00ed z Afriky Modern\u00ed lid\u00e9 se vyvinuli v Africe asi p\u0159ed 200 000 lety. Nakonec se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ili, aby os\u00eddlili zbytek…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1717],"tags":[1317,132,1716,88,1715,1714],"class_list":["post-708","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-anthropology-and-archaeology","tag-africa","tag-anthropology","tag-arabia","tag-archaeology","tag-southern-route","tag-human-migration"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/708","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=708"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/708\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":709,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/708\/revisions\/709"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=708"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=708"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=708"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}