{"id":732,"date":"2021-11-03T23:24:33","date_gmt":"2021-11-03T23:24:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=732"},"modified":"2021-11-03T23:24:33","modified_gmt":"2021-11-03T23:24:33","slug":"chupatty-movement-harbinger-indian-rebellion-1857","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/uncategorized\/chupatty-movement-harbinger-indian-rebellion-1857\/","title":{"rendered":"Hnut\u00ed \u010dap\u00e1t\u00ed: P\u0159edzv\u011bst indick\u00e9ho povst\u00e1n\u00ed v roce 1857"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hnut\u00ed \u010dap\u00e1t\u00ed: P\u0159edzv\u011bst indick\u00e9ho povst\u00e1n\u00ed v roce 1857<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">P\u0159edehra k povst\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>V prvn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch roku 1857 se v Indii objevil zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed fenom\u00e9n: distribuce z\u00e1hadn\u00fdch nekva\u0161en\u00fdch placek zvan\u00fdch \u010dap\u00e1t\u00ed. Toto hnut\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se s \u00fa\u017easnou rychlost\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ilo po cel\u00e9m subkontinentu, vyvolalo ve britsk\u00e9 spr\u00e1v\u011b vlny poplachu.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Distribuce \u010dap\u00e1t\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u010cap\u00e1t\u00ed se p\u0159ed\u00e1valy z ruky do ruky, z vesnice do vesnice, bez zjevn\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010delu nebo zpr\u00e1vy. Brit\u0161t\u00ed \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci, zmaten\u00ed t\u00edmto rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdm p\u0159enosem, zah\u00e1jili vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed, aby odhalili jeho v\u00fdznam. Chleby byly identick\u00e9 s t\u011bmi, kter\u00e9 denn\u011b konzumovali Indov\u00e9, co\u017e vedlo ke spekulac\u00edm, \u017ee by mohly b\u00fdt zn\u00e1mkou bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00edch se probl\u00e9m\u016f.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pov\u011bsti a podez\u0159en\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Jak se hnut\u00ed \u010dap\u00e1t\u00ed \u0161\u00ed\u0159ilo, zv\u011bsti a podez\u0159en\u00ed eskalovaly. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee jde o sign\u00e1l k bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00edmu se povst\u00e1n\u00ed, zat\u00edmco jin\u00ed to interpretovali jako varov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed hladomorem nebo nemoc\u00ed. Britov\u00e9, ji\u017e tak obez\u0159etn\u00ed kv\u016fli rostouc\u00edmu neklidu mezi indick\u00fdmi voj\u00e1ky, se st\u00e1vali st\u00e1le \u00fazkostliv\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Krize namazan\u00fdch n\u00e1boj\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<p>Uprost\u0159ed zmatku kolem \u010dap\u00e1t\u00ed vypukla nov\u00e1 krize: zaveden\u00ed namazan\u00fdch n\u00e1boj\u016f pro pu\u0161ku Enfield. Indi\u010dt\u00ed voj\u00e1ci, kte\u0159\u00ed se \u0159\u00eddili p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fdmi n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdmi stravovac\u00edmi z\u00e1kony, byli zd\u011b\u0161eni p\u0159i pomy\u0161len\u00ed na pou\u017eit\u00ed n\u00e1boj\u016f mazan\u00fdch \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdm tukem. To vyvolalo rozs\u00e1hlou vzpouru mezi sepojsk\u00fdmi pluky a p\u0159ililo olej do ohn\u011b rostouc\u00edho neklidu.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 nepochopen\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Hnut\u00ed \u010dap\u00e1t\u00ed a krize namazan\u00fdch n\u00e1boj\u016f uk\u00e1zaly na hlubokou propast v porozum\u011bn\u00ed mezi britsk\u00fdmi vl\u00e1dci a indickou populac\u00ed. Britov\u00e9, s jejich omezen\u00fdm ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00edm indick\u00fdch zvyk\u016f a v\u00edry, byli n\u00e1chyln\u00ed k paranoie a ned\u016fv\u011b\u0159e. Indov\u00e9 na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b vid\u011bli sv\u00e9 tradice a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed ohro\u017eeny britskou politikou.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">P\u016fvod hnut\u00ed \u010dap\u00e1t\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Historik Kim Wagner tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee hnut\u00ed \u010dap\u00e1t\u00ed vzniklo v Ind\u00f3ru jako pov\u011br\u010div\u00fd pokus odvr\u00e1tit choleru. Distribuce chleb\u016f pod\u00e9l zaveden\u00fdch obchodn\u00edch a poutn\u00edch cest vedla k jejich \u0161irok\u00e9mu roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed. Jak se hnut\u00ed \u0161\u00ed\u0159ilo za sv\u016fj p\u016fvodn\u00ed \u00fa\u010del, stalo se odrazem obecn\u00e9 \u00fazkosti a ned\u016fv\u011bry mezi indickou populac\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">D\u016fsledky ned\u016fv\u011bry<\/h2>\n\n<p>Kombinace f\u00e1m, paniky a vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 ned\u016fv\u011bry vytvo\u0159ila nebezpe\u010dnou atmosf\u00e9ru, kter\u00e1 podn\u00edtila vypuknut\u00ed indick\u00e9ho povst\u00e1n\u00ed v roce 1857. Britov\u00e9, ob\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed se rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9ho povst\u00e1n\u00ed, odpov\u011bd\u011bli brut\u00e1ln\u00edmi repres\u00e1liemi, kter\u00e9 vedly k rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9mu krveprolit\u00ed a utrpen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pou\u010den\u00ed z minulosti<\/h2>\n\n<p>Hnut\u00ed \u010dap\u00e1t\u00ed slou\u017e\u00ed jako p\u0159ipom\u00ednka zni\u010duj\u00edc\u00edch d\u016fsledk\u016f ned\u016fv\u011bry a paniky. Zd\u016fraz\u0148uje d\u016fle\u017eitost porozum\u011bn\u00ed kulturn\u00edch rozd\u00edl\u016f, podpory komunikace a \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed st\u00ed\u017enost\u00ed d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e p\u0159erostou v n\u00e1sil\u00ed. Ud\u00e1losti roku 1857 v n\u00e1s st\u00e1le rezonuj\u00ed a zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed, kdy\u017e dovol\u00edme, aby podez\u0159en\u00ed a strach zatemnily n\u00e1\u0161 \u00fasudek.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dal\u0161\u00ed poznatky<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Hnut\u00ed \u010dap\u00e1t\u00ed se \u0161\u00ed\u0159ilo rychlost\u00ed 100 a\u017e 200 mil za noc, rychleji ne\u017e britsk\u00fd po\u0161tovn\u00ed syst\u00e9m.<\/li>\n<li>Britsk\u00e1 spr\u00e1va vydala p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 rozkazy k potla\u010den\u00ed hnut\u00ed \u010dap\u00e1t\u00ed, ale s omezen\u00fdm \u00fasp\u011bchem.<\/li>\n<li>Indick\u00e9 povst\u00e1n\u00ed v roce 1857 bylo ur\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed ud\u00e1lost\u00ed v britsk\u00fdch d\u011bjin\u00e1ch, kter\u00e1 vedla k p\u0159ehodnocen\u00ed britsk\u00e9 politiky v Indii.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hnut\u00ed \u010dap\u00e1t\u00ed: P\u0159edzv\u011bst indick\u00e9ho povst\u00e1n\u00ed v roce 1857 P\u0159edehra k povst\u00e1n\u00ed V prvn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch roku 1857 se v Indii objevil zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed fenom\u00e9n: distribuce z\u00e1hadn\u00fdch nekva\u0161en\u00fdch placek zvan\u00fdch \u010dap\u00e1t\u00ed. Toto hnut\u00ed,&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[1768,1769,1767,1766,1770,1771],"class_list":["post-732","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-british-rule-in-india","tag-historical-events","tag-chupatty-movement","tag-indian-rebellion-of-1857","tag-cultural-history","tag-social-unrest"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/732","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=732"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/732\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":733,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/732\/revisions\/733"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=732"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=732"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=732"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}