{"id":7546,"date":"2022-10-31T21:26:52","date_gmt":"2022-10-31T21:26:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=7546"},"modified":"2022-10-31T21:26:52","modified_gmt":"2022-10-31T21:26:52","slug":"grapevine-training-and-pruning-for-optimal-growth-and-harvest","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/life\/gardening\/grapevine-training-and-pruning-for-optimal-growth-and-harvest\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0158ez a veden\u00ed r\u00e9vy vinn\u00e9: Jak z\u00edskat zdrav\u00e9 a plodn\u00e9 vinice"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0158ez a tvarov\u00e1n\u00ed vinn\u00e9 r\u00e9vy pro optim\u00e1ln\u00ed r\u016fst a sklize\u0148<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Terminologie r\u00e9vy vinn\u00e9<\/h3>\n\n<p>P\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e se pono\u0159\u00edme do slo\u017eitosti \u0159ezu a tvarov\u00e1n\u00ed r\u00e9vy vinn\u00e9, je nezbytn\u00e9 se sezn\u00e1mit s kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdmi pojmy pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdmi v tomto kontextu:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Kmen:<\/strong> Hlavn\u00ed, vzp\u0159\u00edmen\u00fd stonek r\u00e9vy vinn\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Letorosty:<\/strong> Nov\u00fd, zelen\u00fd r\u016fst na jednolet\u00e9m d\u0159ev\u011b, nesouc\u00ed listy, \u00faponky a kv\u011btenstv\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ta\u017en\u011b:<\/strong> Zral\u00e9, d\u0159evnat\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti r\u00e9vy vinn\u00e9, kter\u00e9 nesly ovoce nebo jsou schopny n\u00e9st ovoce (plodn\u00e9 ta\u017en\u011b).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ramena:<\/strong> Horizont\u00e1ln\u00ed &#8220;ruce&#8221; r\u00e9vy vinn\u00e9, kter\u00e9 se rozprost\u00edraj\u00ed od kmene a jsou \u010dasto podep\u0159eny dr\u00e1ty.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u010c\u00edpky:<\/strong> Kr\u00e1tk\u00e9, jednolet\u00e9 ta\u017en\u011b se\u0159\u00edznut\u00e9 tak, aby z\u016fstaly pouze dva a\u017e \u010dty\u0159i pupeny, kter\u00e9 se vyvinou v letorosty a nakonec v plodn\u00e1 ta\u017en\u011b.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Obnovovac\u00ed \u010d\u00edpky:<\/strong> \u010c\u00edpky se\u0159\u00edznut\u00e9 na jeden uzel, aby vytvo\u0159ily letorosty pro p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed rok plodn\u00e1 ta\u017en\u011b.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Vlky:<\/strong> Letorosty, kter\u00e9 vyr\u016fstaj\u00ed z doln\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti kmene.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Syst\u00e9my veden\u00ed pro hrozny<\/h3>\n\n<p>R\u00e9vu vinnou lze v\u00e9st pomoc\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f, ale syst\u00e9m vysok\u00e9ho kordonu je zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b vhodn\u00fd pro p\u011bstitele, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u011bstuj\u00ed americk\u00e9 stoln\u00ed hrozny. Tato metoda zahrnuje:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Instalaci m\u0159\u00ed\u017ee se sloupky a dr\u00e1ty ve v\u00fd\u0161ce osmi stop.<\/li>\n<li>V\u00fdb\u011br dvou siln\u00fdch, zdrav\u00fdch ta\u017en\u016f b\u011bhem prvn\u00edho roku a jejich p\u0159iv\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed k dr\u00e1tu, jednoho v ka\u017ed\u00e9m sm\u011bru.<\/li>\n<li>Vytvo\u0159en\u00ed st\u00e1l\u00e9 m\u0159\u00ed\u017ee a pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed ve veden\u00ed vinn\u00e9 r\u00e9vy p\u0159ivazov\u00e1n\u00edm nov\u00fdch ta\u017en\u016f k dr\u00e1t\u016fm, jak se vyv\u00edjej\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kdy st\u0159\u00edhat hrozny<\/h3>\n\n<p>\u0158ez je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro zdrav\u00ed a produktivitu r\u00e9vy vinn\u00e9. Ide\u00e1ln\u00ed doba pro \u0159ez je b\u011bhem vegeta\u010dn\u00edho klidu, obvykle mezi za\u010d\u00e1tkem vegeta\u010dn\u00edho klidu a koncem \u00fanora nebo za\u010d\u00e1tkem b\u0159ezna, v z\u00e1vislosti na va\u0161\u00ed lokalit\u011b. Vyhn\u011bte se \u0159ezu p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 brzy, proto\u017ee to m\u016f\u017ee zabr\u00e1nit r\u00e9v\u011b vinn\u00e9 ve vstupu do vegeta\u010dn\u00edho klidu a zv\u00fd\u0161it n\u00e1chylnost k po\u0161kozen\u00ed chladem.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak st\u0159\u00edhat hrozny<\/h3>\n\n<p>Existuj\u00ed dv\u011b hlavn\u00ed metody \u0159ezu: \u0159ez ta\u017en\u016f a \u0159ez \u010d\u00edpk\u016f. \u0158ez ta\u017en\u016f se obecn\u011b preferuje u americk\u00fdch stoln\u00edch hrozn\u016f a zahrnuje:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Odstran\u011bn\u00ed vlk\u016f a ve\u0161ker\u00e9ho r\u016fstu ta\u017en\u016f krom\u011b nov\u00fdch jednolet\u00fdch plodn\u00fdch ta\u017en\u016f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0158ez plodn\u00fdch ta\u017en\u016f tak, aby na ka\u017ed\u00e9m z\u016fstalo 15 pupen\u016f (t\u0159i a\u017e p\u011bt o\u010dek), s c\u00edlem 50 a\u017e 80 pupen\u016f na rostlinu.<\/li>\n<li>V\u00fdb\u011br vhodn\u00fdch ta\u017en\u016f a jejich se\u0159\u00edznut\u00ed zp\u011bt na jeden uzel, aby se vytvo\u0159ily obnovovac\u00ed \u010d\u00edpky.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tipy pro \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd \u0159ez<\/h3>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0158ezejte agresivn\u011b, abyste odstranili 85 a\u017e 90 procent jednolet\u00e9ho d\u0159eva.<\/li>\n<li>Upravte intenzitu \u0159ezu podle s\u00edly sv\u00fdch vinic.<\/li>\n<li>Rozlo\u017ete obnovovac\u00ed \u010d\u00edpky rovnom\u011brn\u011b pod\u00e9l ramen pro vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00fd r\u016fst.<\/li>\n<li>Nebojte se st\u0159\u00edhat siln\u011b; v\u011bt\u0161ina dom\u00e1c\u00edch p\u011bstitel\u016f m\u00e1 tendenci st\u0159\u00edhat p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 m\u00e1lo.<\/li>\n<li>Pokud st\u0159\u00edh\u00e1te p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho, v\u011bnujte vinn\u00e9 r\u00e9v\u011b zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010di zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm optim\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fd\u017eivy, z\u00e1livky a kontroly \u0161k\u016fdc\u016f a chorob.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dal\u0161\u00ed \u00favahy<\/h3>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Zvyk r\u016fstu r\u00e9vy vinn\u00e9:<\/strong> Americk\u00e9 odr\u016fdy hrozn\u016f maj\u00ed velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed list\u016f, zat\u00edmco evropsk\u00e9 hrozny jich maj\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Morfologie \u010d\u00e1sti rostliny:<\/strong> Nov\u00e1 ta\u017en\u011b maj\u00ed hladkou, na\u010dervenalou a\u017e bronzovou k\u016fru a pupeny, zat\u00edmco star\u00e1 ta\u017en\u011b maj\u00ed na\u0161edlou, chlupatou k\u016fru bez pupen\u016f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Techniky \u0159ezu:<\/strong> \u0158ez ta\u017en\u016f zahrnuje zachov\u00e1n\u00ed plodn\u00fdch ta\u017en\u016f, zat\u00edmco \u0159ez \u010d\u00edpk\u016f se zam\u011b\u0159uje na vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed obnovovac\u00edch \u010d\u00edpk\u016f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u011b\u017en\u00e9 chyby, kter\u00fdm je t\u0159eba se vyhnout:<\/strong> \u0158ez p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 brzy, p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 m\u00e1lo \u0159ezu nebo nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 rozm\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed obnovovac\u00edch \u010d\u00edpk\u016f m\u016f\u017ee br\u00e1nit r\u016fstu a produktivit\u011b r\u00e9vy vinn\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm t\u011bchto pokyn\u016f pro \u0159ez a tvarov\u00e1n\u00ed r\u00e9vy vinn\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eete zalo\u017eit zdrav\u00e9, produktivn\u00ed vinice, kter\u00e9 v\u00e1m p\u0159inesou bohat\u00e9 sklizn\u011b lahodn\u00fdch hrozn\u016f na mnoho let dop\u0159edu.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0158ez a tvarov\u00e1n\u00ed vinn\u00e9 r\u00e9vy pro optim\u00e1ln\u00ed r\u016fst a sklize\u0148 Terminologie r\u00e9vy vinn\u00e9 P\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e se pono\u0159\u00edme do slo\u017eitosti \u0159ezu a tvarov\u00e1n\u00ed r\u00e9vy vinn\u00e9, je nezbytn\u00e9 se sezn\u00e1mit s kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdmi&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8813],"tags":[8849,4762,12033,12032,8848],"class_list":["post-7546","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-gardening","tag-plant-care","tag-viticulture","tag-grapevine-pruning","tag-grapevine-training","tag-gardening"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7546","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7546"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7546\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7547,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7546\/revisions\/7547"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7546"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7546"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7546"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}