{"id":76,"date":"2020-10-03T02:41:12","date_gmt":"2020-10-03T02:41:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=76"},"modified":"2020-10-03T02:41:12","modified_gmt":"2020-10-03T02:41:12","slug":"why-america-has-a-president-instead-of-an-exalted-highness","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/life\/politics\/why-america-has-a-president-instead-of-an-exalted-highness\/","title":{"rendered":"Pro\u010d m\u00e1 Amerika “prezidenta” m\u00edsto “vzne\u0161en\u00e9 V\u00fdsosti”"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pro\u010d m\u00e1 Amerika prezidenta'' m\u00edsto<\/code>vzne\u0161en\u00e9 V\u00fdsosti”<\/h2>\n\n

Skromn\u00e9 za\u010d\u00e1tky titulu<\/h2>\n\n

V roce 1789, kdy\u017e se Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty vyno\u0159ily z v\u00e1lky za nez\u00e1vislost, \u010delil n\u00e1rod \u00fakolu zalo\u017eit novou vl\u00e1du. Mezi mnoha rozhodnut\u00edmi, kter\u00e1 bylo t\u0159eba u\u010dinit, byla i volba titulu, kter\u00fd bude ud\u011blen v\u016fdci t\u00e9to novorozen\u00e9 zem\u011b.<\/p>\n\n

Deleg\u00e1ti \u00fastavn\u00edho shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed se s touto ot\u00e1zkou pot\u00fdkali a debatovali o r\u016fzn\u00fdch mo\u017enostech. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed navrhovali Jeho vzne\u0161enou V\u00fdsost'', zat\u00edmco jin\u00ed up\u0159ednost\u0148ovali demokrati\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed<\/code>Jeho volenou V\u00fdsost”. Objevily se v\u0161ak obavy, \u017ee takov\u00e9 velkolep\u00e9 tituly by mohly vyvol\u00e1vat srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s evropsk\u00fdmi monarchy, jejich\u017e nekontrolovanou moc se Otcov\u00e9 zakladatel\u00e9 sna\u017eili vyhnout.<\/p>\n\n

Hled\u00e1n\u00ed vhodn\u00e9ho titulu<\/h2>\n\n

Debata pokra\u010dovala n\u011bkolik t\u00fddn\u016f, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e Sn\u011bmovna reprezentant\u016f vyj\u00e1d\u0159ila obavy, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fd titul by mohl nafukovat autoritu prezidenta, zat\u00edmco Sen\u00e1t se ob\u00e1val, \u017ee slab\u00fd titul jako prezident'' (kter\u00fd p\u016fvodn\u011b znamenal jednodu\u0161e<\/code>ten, kdo p\u0159edsed\u00e1”) by sn\u00ed\u017eil v\u00fdznam \u00fa\u0159adu v o\u010d\u00edch zahrani\u010dn\u00edch mocnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Nakonec byl nalezen kompromis. Sen\u00e1t souhlasil se zjednodu\u0161enou verz\u00ed sv\u00e9ho navrhovan\u00e9ho titulu a George Washington se stal prvn\u00edm “prezidentem Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f”. Tento titul, a\u010dkoli byl m\u00e9n\u011b velkolep\u00fd ne\u017e n\u011bkter\u00e9 z d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1vrh\u016f, vyjad\u0159oval jak autoritu, tak demokratick\u00e9 principy, na nich\u017e byl n\u00e1rod zalo\u017een.<\/p>\n\n

\u00dastavn\u00ed \u00favahy<\/h2>\n\n

Obavy ohledn\u011b titul\u016f se t\u00fdkaly nejen prezidentsk\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159adu. \u010cl\u00e1nek 1, odd\u00edl 9 \u00dastavy uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee “Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty neud\u011bl\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd \u0161lechtick\u00fd titul”. Toto ustanoven\u00ed bylo pova\u017eov\u00e1no za z\u00e1kladn\u00ed k\u00e1men republik\u00e1nsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy, kter\u00e1 zaji\u0161\u0165uje, \u017ee nebudou existovat \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 trval\u00e9 aristokracie nebo t\u0159\u00eddn\u00ed rozd\u00edly.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00fdvoj titulu<\/h2>\n\n

V pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu pro\u0161el titul prezident'' sv\u00fdmi vlastn\u00edmi p\u0159em\u011bnami. V roce 1903 byla zavedena zkratka<\/code>POTUS” (prezident Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f), n\u00e1sledovan\u00e1 FLOTUS'' (prvn\u00ed d\u00e1ma Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f) a<\/code>SCOTUS” (Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed soud Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f).<\/p>\n\n

B\u011bhem druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky bylo p\u0159ijato ozna\u010den\u00ed v\u016fdce svobodn\u00e9ho sv\u011bta'', co\u017e odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed celosv\u011btovou vedouc\u00ed roli Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f. Navzdory plynut\u00ed \u010dasu a mnoha jednotlivc\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed zast\u00e1vali \u00fa\u0159ad, v\u0161ak z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u016fvodn\u00ed titul<\/code>pane prezidente” nejmocn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm a nejtrvalej\u0161\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n

Role a pravomoci prezidenta<\/h2>\n\n

Prezident je hlavou st\u00e1tu a vl\u00e1dy Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f. \u00dastava p\u0159izn\u00e1v\u00e1 prezidentovi v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 pravomoci, v\u010detn\u011b:<\/p>\n\n

    \n
  • Pravomoc veta v\u016f\u010di z\u00e1kon\u016fm p\u0159ijat\u00fdm Kongresem<\/li>\n
  • Pravomoc jmenovat a odvol\u00e1vat \u010dleny kabinetu a dal\u0161\u00ed vysoce postaven\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edky<\/li>\n
  • Pravomoc vyjedn\u00e1vat smlouvy se zahrani\u010dn\u00edmi n\u00e1rody<\/li>\n
  • Pravomoc velet ozbrojen\u00fdm sil\u00e1m<\/li>\n
  • Pravomoc ud\u011blovat milost<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n

    Kvalifikace pro prezidentsk\u00fd \u00fa\u0159ad<\/h2>\n\n

    Aby byl kandid\u00e1t zp\u016fsobil\u00fd pro prezidentsk\u00fd \u00fa\u0159ad, mus\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n

      \n
    • B\u00fdt rodil\u00fdm ob\u010danem Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f<\/li>\n
    • B\u00fdt star\u0161\u00ed 35 let<\/li>\n
    • Pob\u00fdvat ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech nejm\u00e9n\u011b 14 let<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n

      Doba trv\u00e1n\u00ed funk\u010dn\u00edho obdob\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

      Prezident slou\u017e\u00ed \u010dty\u0159let\u00e9 funk\u010dn\u00ed obdob\u00ed a m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zvolen na druh\u00e9 funk\u010dn\u00ed obdob\u00ed. \u00dastava omezuje prezidenta na dv\u011b funk\u010dn\u00ed obdob\u00ed v \u00fa\u0159adu.<\/p>\n\n

      Proces impeachmentu<\/h2>\n\n

      Prezident m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zbaven funkce prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm procesu impeachmentu. Impeachment je politick\u00fd proces, kter\u00fd za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 Sn\u011bmovnou reprezentant\u016f a je souzen Sen\u00e1tem. Pokud je uzn\u00e1na vina, je prezident zbaven funkce a m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt diskvalifikov\u00e1n z v\u00fdkonu budouc\u00ed feder\u00e1ln\u00ed funkce.<\/p>\n\n

      Prezident\u016fv odkaz<\/h2>\n\n

      Titul “prezident” je symbolem z\u00e1vazku Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f v\u016f\u010di demokracii a pr\u00e1vn\u00edmu st\u00e1tu. Je to titul, kter\u00fd nosily n\u011bkter\u00e9 z nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edch v\u016fdc\u016f n\u00e1roda, v\u010detn\u011b George Washingtona, Abrahama Lincolna, Franklina D. Roosevelta a Baracka Obamy.<\/p>\n\n

      Prezident hraje z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli p\u0159i ur\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed dom\u00e1c\u00ed a zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politiky n\u00e1roda a rozhodnut\u00ed u\u010din\u011bn\u00e1 b\u011bhem jeho funk\u010dn\u00edho obdob\u00ed mohou m\u00edt trval\u00fd dopad na zemi i sv\u011bt.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Pro\u010d m\u00e1 Amerika prezidenta” m\u00edstovzne\u0161en\u00e9 V\u00fdsosti” Skromn\u00e9 za\u010d\u00e1tky titulu V roce 1789, kdy\u017e se Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty vyno\u0159ily z v\u00e1lky za nez\u00e1vislost, \u010delil n\u00e1rod \u00fakolu zalo\u017eit novou vl\u00e1du. Mezi mnoha rozhodnut\u00edmi,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[223],"tags":[19,221,222],"class_list":["post-76","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-politics","tag-american-history","tag-presidential-power","tag-titles-and-nobility"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/76","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=76"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/76\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":77,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/76\/revisions\/77"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=76"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=76"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=76"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}