{"id":7720,"date":"2023-11-19T20:24:25","date_gmt":"2023-11-19T20:24:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=7720"},"modified":"2023-11-19T20:24:25","modified_gmt":"2023-11-19T20:24:25","slug":"acacia-trees-and-shrubs-a-comprehensive-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/botany\/acacia-trees-and-shrubs-a-comprehensive-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"Ak\u00e1cie: Stromy a ke\u0159e: Kompletn\u00ed pr\u016fvodce"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ak\u00e1cie: Stromy a ke\u0159e: Kompletn\u00ed pr\u016fvodce<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Co jsou ak\u00e1cie: Stromy a ke\u0159e?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ak\u00e1cie: Stromy a ke\u0159e pat\u0159\u00ed do rodu Acacia, co\u017e je r\u016fznorod\u00e1 skupina rostlin s v\u00edce ne\u017e 1300 druhy po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Vyzna\u010duj\u00ed se sv\u00fdmi charakteristick\u00fdmi fylodii, co\u017e jsou p\u0159em\u011bn\u011bn\u00e9 \u0159ap\u00edky, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed listy. Ak\u00e1cie jsou p\u016fvodem z Austr\u00e1lie, Afriky, Evropy, Asie a Severn\u00ed a Ji\u017en\u00ed Ameriky.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pou\u017eit\u00ed ak\u00e1ci\u00ed: Strom\u016f a ke\u0159\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ak\u00e1cie maj\u00ed \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu pou\u017eit\u00ed, jak praktick\u00fdch, tak okrasn\u00fdch. Jejich d\u0159evo je cen\u011bno pro svou odolnost a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se ve stavebnictv\u00ed, v\u00fdrob\u011b n\u00e1bytku a hudebn\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f. Ak\u00e1ciov\u00e1 guma, lepkav\u00e1 l\u00e1tka produkovan\u00e1 n\u011bkter\u00fdmi druhy, se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b potravin a n\u00e1poj\u016f. Krom\u011b toho jsou ak\u00e1cie obl\u00edben\u00e9 zahradn\u00ed rostliny d\u00edky sv\u00e9 odolnosti v\u016f\u010di suchu a atraktivn\u00edmu olist\u011bn\u00ed a kv\u011bt\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">P\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u00e9\u010de o ak\u00e1cie: Stromy a ke\u0159e<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ak\u00e1cie se obecn\u011b snadno p\u011bstuj\u00ed a o\u0161et\u0159uj\u00ed. D\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159ednost dob\u0159e odvodn\u011bn\u00e9 p\u016fd\u011b a pln\u00e9mu slunci, ale sn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed i \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00fd st\u00edn. Jsou odoln\u00e9 v\u016f\u010di suchu a nevy\u017eaduj\u00ed \u010dast\u00e9 zal\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed. Hnojen\u00ed nen\u00ed nutn\u00e9, ale m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mno\u017een\u00ed ak\u00e1ci\u00ed: Strom\u016f a ke\u0159\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ak\u00e1cie lze mno\u017eit ze semen nebo \u0159\u00edzk\u016f. Semena by m\u011bla b\u00fdt p\u0159ed v\u00fdsadbou skarifikov\u00e1na (na\u0159\u00edznuta), aby se zlep\u0161ila kl\u00ed\u010divost. \u0158\u00edzky by m\u011bly b\u00fdt odeb\u00edr\u00e1ny ze zdrav\u00fdch, zral\u00fdch rostlin.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B\u011b\u017en\u00e9 probl\u00e9my s ak\u00e1ciemi: Stromy a ke\u0159e<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ak\u00e1cie jsou n\u00e1chyln\u00e9 k n\u011bkolika b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm probl\u00e9m\u016fm, v\u010detn\u011b houbov\u00fdch chorob, jako je rez nebo padl\u00ed. Mohou b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 napadeny \u0161k\u016fdci, jako jsou m\u0161ice a \u010dervci.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdhody ak\u00e1ci\u00ed: Strom\u016f a ke\u0159\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ak\u00e1cie nab\u00edzej\u00ed \u0159adu v\u00fdhod, v\u010detn\u011b:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Odolnost v\u016f\u010di suchu<\/li>\n<li>Rychl\u00fd r\u016fst<\/li>\n<li>Schopnost fixace dus\u00edku<\/li>\n<li>\u00dato\u010di\u0161t\u011b pro divokou zv\u011b\u0159<\/li>\n<li>Okrasn\u00e1 hodnota<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Toxicita ak\u00e1ci\u00ed: Strom\u016f a ke\u0159\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<p>N\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy ak\u00e1ci\u00ed obsahuj\u00ed psychoaktivn\u00ed alkaloid naz\u00fdvan\u00fd DMT (dimethyltryptamin). Po\u017eit\u00ed velk\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed DMT m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit halucinace a jin\u00e9 psychoaktivn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky. N\u00e1hodn\u00e9 po\u017eit\u00ed je v\u0161ak vz\u00e1cn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Rostliny podobn\u00e9 ak\u00e1ci\u00edm<\/h2>\n\n<p>N\u011bkolik dal\u0161\u00edch rostlin se podob\u00e1 ak\u00e1ci\u00edm, v\u010detn\u011b:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Alb\u00edzie<\/li>\n<li>Trnovn\u00edk<\/li>\n<li>Mesquite<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Historie ak\u00e1ci\u00ed: Strom\u016f a ke\u0159\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ak\u00e1cie maj\u00ed dlouhou a bohatou historii. Lid\u00e9 je vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed po tis\u00edce let jako potravu, l\u00e9k a stavebn\u00ed materi\u00e1l. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch jsou ak\u00e1cie pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za posv\u00e1tn\u00e9 stromy.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Symbolika ak\u00e1ci\u00ed: Strom\u016f a ke\u0159\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ak\u00e1cie maj\u00ed \u0159adu symbolick\u00fdch v\u00fdznam\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Nesmrtelnost<\/li>\n<li>Zmrtv\u00fdchvst\u00e1n\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>\u010cistota<\/li>\n<li>Nad\u011bje<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ekologick\u00fd v\u00fdznam ak\u00e1ci\u00ed: Strom\u016f a ke\u0159\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ak\u00e1cie hraj\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitou roli v ekosyst\u00e9mu. Poskytuj\u00ed potravu a \u00fakryt pro divokou zv\u011b\u0159 a jejich hlubok\u00e9 ko\u0159eny pom\u00e1haj\u00ed stabilizovat p\u016fdu. Ak\u00e1cie tak\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed symbiotick\u00e9 vztahy s bakteriemi, kter\u00e9 fixuj\u00ed dus\u00edk ze vzduchu a zp\u0159\u00edstup\u0148uj\u00ed jej ostatn\u00edm rostlin\u00e1m.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Evoluce ak\u00e1ci\u00ed: Strom\u016f a ke\u0159\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ak\u00e1cie se vyv\u00edjej\u00ed miliony let. P\u0159izp\u016fsobily se \u0161irok\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1le stanovi\u0161\u0165, od pou\u0161t\u00ed po de\u0161tn\u00e9 pralesy. Ak\u00e1cie tak\u00e9 vyvinuly \u0159adu obrann\u00fdch mechanism\u016f proti b\u00fdlo\u017eravc\u016fm, v\u010detn\u011b trn\u016f a toxick\u00fdch chemik\u00e1li\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ak\u00e1cie: Stromy a ke\u0159e v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ak\u00e1cie lze nal\u00e9zt v r\u016fzn\u00fdch stanovi\u0161t\u00edch po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Jsou zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 v Austr\u00e1lii, kde jsou d\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9mu. Ak\u00e1cie hraj\u00ed roli tak\u00e9 v tradi\u010dn\u00edch kultur\u00e1ch mnoha domorod\u00fdch australsk\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ak\u00e1cie: Stromy a ke\u0159e na zahrad\u011b<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ak\u00e1cie jsou obl\u00edben\u00e9 zahradn\u00ed rostliny d\u00edky sv\u00e9mu atraktivn\u00edmu olist\u011bn\u00ed a kv\u011bt\u016fm i d\u00edky sv\u00e9 odolnosti v\u016f\u010di suchu. Jsou vhodn\u00e9 do tepl\u00fdch, such\u00fdch klimatick\u00fdch podm\u00ednek. Ak\u00e1cie lze na zahrad\u011b pou\u017e\u00edt r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby, nap\u0159\u00edklad jako:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Solit\u00e9rn\u00ed rostliny<\/li>\n<li>\u017div\u00e9 ploty<\/li>\n<li>Clony<\/li>\n<li>V\u011btrolamy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dal\u0161\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 slova s dlouh\u00fdm \u0445\u0432\u043estem:<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Jak identifikovat ak\u00e1cie: Stromy<\/li>\n<li>Odr\u016fdy ak\u00e1ci\u00ed pro ter\u00e9nn\u00ed \u00fapravy<\/li>\n<li>V\u00fdhody ak\u00e1ci\u00ed pro divokou zv\u011b\u0159<\/li>\n<li>L\u00e9\u010div\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed ak\u00e1ci\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>Symbolika ak\u00e1ci\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch<\/li>\n<li>Evoluce a adaptace ak\u00e1ci\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>Ak\u00e1cie v australsk\u00e9m ekosyst\u00e9mu<\/li>\n<li>Jak pou\u017e\u00edvat ak\u00e1cie v zahradn\u00edm designu<\/li>\n<li>Tipy pro v\u00fdsadbu a p\u00e9\u010di o ak\u00e1cie<\/li>\n<li>Probl\u00e9my a \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed s ak\u00e1ciemi<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ak\u00e1cie: Stromy a ke\u0159e: Kompletn\u00ed pr\u016fvodce Co jsou ak\u00e1cie: Stromy a ke\u0159e? Ak\u00e1cie: Stromy a ke\u0159e pat\u0159\u00ed do rodu Acacia, co\u017e je r\u016fznorod\u00e1 skupina rostlin s v\u00edce ne\u017e 1300 druhy&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1823],"tags":[12203,12206,219,136,12205,12204,8901,3598,12207,8972,2639,12208,193],"class_list":["post-7720","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-botany","tag-acacia-trees","tag-ornamental","tag-ecology","tag-evolution","tag-nitrogen-fixing","tag-phyllodes","tag-shrubs","tag-landscape-design","tag-medicinal","tag-drought-tolerant","tag-wildlife-habitat","tag-psychoactive","tag-symbolism"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7720","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7720"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7720\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7721,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7720\/revisions\/7721"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7720"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7720"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7720"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}