V 70. letech minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed byla v Tanzanii objevena \u0159ada pozoruhodn\u011b zachoval\u00fdch otisk\u016f lidsk\u00fdch nohou star\u00fdch 3,66 milionu let ve vulkanick\u00e9m popelu. Tyto stopy byly zpo\u010d\u00e1tku p\u0159isuzov\u00e1ny druhu Australopithecus afarensis, kam pat\u0159\u00ed i slavn\u00e1 fos\u00edlie \u201eLucy\u201c. Tento objev poskytl konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed d\u016fkaz, \u017ee lidsk\u00e9 p\u0159edch\u016fdci chodili po dvou nohou vzp\u0159\u00edmen\u011b.<\/p>\n\n
Ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 studie v\u0161ak zpochyb\u0148uje p\u0159edpoklad, \u017ee A. afarensis byl v t\u00e9 dob\u011b v dan\u00e9 oblasti jedin\u00fdm biped\u00e1ln\u00edm hominidem. Nov\u011b objeven\u00e1 \u0159ada stop, kter\u00e1 byla nalezena jen m\u00edli daleko od p\u016fvodn\u00edch stop A. afarensis, se stala p\u0159edm\u011btem nov\u00e9ho zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Nov\u011b objeven\u00e9 otisky byly nejprve pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za stopy mlad\u00e9ho medv\u011bda vzhledem k jejich odli\u0161n\u00e9mu vzhledu. D\u016fkladn\u00e9 srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s medv\u011bd\u00edmi stopami v\u0161ak odhalilo v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 rozd\u00edly, co\u017e vedlo v\u011bdce ke zpochybn\u011bn\u00ed medv\u011bd\u00ed hypot\u00e9zy.<\/p>\n\n
Vybaveni technologiemi 21. stolet\u00ed a novou perspektivou se t\u00fdm v\u011bdc\u016f vr\u00e1til na m\u00edsto, kde byly stopy nalezeny. Pomoc\u00ed \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00fdch zobrazovac\u00edch technik pe\u010dliv\u011b zdokumentovali stopy a porovnali je s jin\u00fdmi zn\u00e1m\u00fdmi otisky.<\/p>\n\n
Nov\u00e9 otisky vykazovaly n\u011bkolik v\u00fdrazn\u00fdch znak\u016f, kter\u00e9 je odli\u0161ily jak od lidsk\u00fdch, tak od medv\u011bd\u00edch otisk\u016f. Palec na noze byl v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e druh\u00fd prst, co\u017e je rys nalezen\u00fd u lidsk\u00fdch p\u0159edk\u016f, ale ne u medv\u011bd\u016f. Stopy nav\u00edc nazna\u010dovaly vzor ch\u016fze s p\u0159ek\u0159\u00ed\u017een\u00edm, kdy jedna noha p\u0159ekra\u010duje st\u0159edn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1ru t\u011bla, co\u017e je chov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nen\u00ed pozorov\u00e1no u medv\u011bd\u016f ani \u0161impanz\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
Tyto jedine\u010dn\u00e9 znaky vedly v\u00fdzkumn\u00edky k domn\u011bnce, \u017ee stopy mohly pat\u0159it dosud nezn\u00e1m\u00e9mu druhu hominida, mo\u017en\u00e1 st\u00e1le v r\u00e1mci rodu Australopithecus. Tento druh mohl koexistovat s A. afarensis a disponovat odli\u0161n\u00fdm stylem biped\u00e1ln\u00ed ch\u016fze.<\/p>\n\n
Tento objev zpochyb\u0148uje dlouho zast\u00e1vanou v\u00edru, \u017ee se bipedalismus vyvinul line\u00e1rn\u00edm zp\u016fsobem. M\u00edsto toho nazna\u010duje, \u017ee k bipedalismu mohlo v\u00e9st v\u00edce evolu\u010dn\u00edch cest, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e se r\u016fzn\u00e9 druhy hominid\u016f p\u0159izp\u016fsobily sv\u00e9mu prost\u0159ed\u00ed jedine\u010dn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem.<\/p>\n\n
A\u010dkoli jsou tyto n\u00e1lezy fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed, n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed v\u011bdci z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed skepti\u010dt\u00ed a tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed v\u00edce d\u016fkaz\u016f k potvrzen\u00ed existence nov\u00e9ho druhu hominida. Dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkum, v\u010detn\u011b dal\u0161\u00edch vykop\u00e1vek a komparativn\u00edch anal\u00fdz, bude rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed pro ur\u010den\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00e9 identity tv\u016frc\u016f t\u011bchto otisk\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
Pokud by se to potvrdilo, mohly by m\u00edt tyto stopy a potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed objev nov\u00e9ho druhu hominida hlubok\u00e9 d\u016fsledky pro na\u0161e ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 evoluce. Mohly by zpochybnit zaveden\u00e9 teorie o p\u016fvodu bipedalismu a vrhnout sv\u011btlo na rozmanitost ran\u00fdch druh\u016f hominid\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
Objev t\u011bchto starobyl\u00fdch stop znovu rozn\u00edtil z\u00e1jem o nalezi\u0161t\u011b Laetoli. Budouc\u00ed vykop\u00e1vky a v\u00fdzkum mohou odhalit dal\u0161\u00ed d\u016fkazy, kter\u00e9 pomohou rozlu\u0161tit tajemstv\u00ed obklopuj\u00edc\u00ed tyto z\u00e1hadn\u00e9 hominidy a jejich m\u00edsto v na\u0161\u00ed evolu\u010dn\u00ed historii.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Prastar\u00e9 stopy m\u016f\u017eou p\u0159epsat historii v\u00fdvoje \u010dlov\u011bka Z\u00e1hadn\u00e9 stopy V 70. letech minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed byla v Tanzanii objevena \u0159ada pozoruhodn\u011b zachoval\u00fdch otisk\u016f lidsk\u00fdch nohou star\u00fdch 3,66 milionu let ve vulkanick\u00e9m…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":23653,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1022],"tags":[1908,1906,1907,487,137,1905,613],"class_list":["post-796","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-anthropology","tag-australopithecus-afarensis","tag-bipedalism","tag-hominin","tag-human-evolution","tag-paleontology","tag-ancient-footprints","tag-scientific-discovery"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/796","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=796"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/796\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":797,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/796\/revisions\/797"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23653"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=796"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=796"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=796"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}