{"id":811,"date":"2021-11-08T13:19:38","date_gmt":"2021-11-08T13:19:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=811"},"modified":"2021-11-08T13:19:38","modified_gmt":"2021-11-08T13:19:38","slug":"invasive-species-eu-blacklist-threat-native-ecosystems","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/ecology-and-conservation\/invasive-species-eu-blacklist-threat-native-ecosystems\/","title":{"rendered":"Invazivn\u00ed druhy: Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed hrozba"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Invazivn\u00ed druhy: Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed hrozba<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Co jsou invazivn\u00ed druhy?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Invazivn\u00ed druhy jsou nep\u016fvodn\u00ed rostliny, \u017eivo\u010dichov\u00e9 nebo mikroorganismy, kter\u00e9 byly zavle\u010deny do nov\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed hrozbu pro p\u016fvodn\u00ed druhy a ekosyst\u00e9my. Mohou naru\u0161it potravinov\u00e9 \u0159et\u011bzce, \u0161\u00ed\u0159it nemoci a vytla\u010dovat p\u016fvodn\u00ed druhy z jejich zdroj\u016f, co\u017e vede ke ztr\u00e1t\u011b biodiverzity a degradaci ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u010cern\u00fd seznam invazivn\u00edch druh\u016f EU<\/h2>\n\n<p>Evropsk\u00e1 unie (EU) si uv\u011bdomuje ni\u010div\u00fd dopad invazivn\u00edch druh\u016f a vytvo\u0159ila sv\u016fj prvn\u00ed seznam invazivn\u00edch druh\u016f, zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako \u201e\u010dern\u00fd seznam\u201c. \u010cern\u00fd seznam zakazuje dovoz, chov, prodej a vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed 23 \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdch a 14 rostlinn\u00fdch druh\u016f, kter\u00e9 p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed v\u00fdznamnou hrozbu pro evropsk\u00e9 ekosyst\u00e9my.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdznamn\u00e9 invazivn\u00ed druhy na seznamu<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Veve\u0159ice popelav\u00e1:<\/strong> Zavle\u010den\u00e1 do Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nie, veverka popelav\u00e1 vytla\u010duje p\u016fvodn\u00ed veverku obecnou t\u00edm, \u017ee obsazuje jej\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed a \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed ne\u0161tovice veverek.<\/li>\n<li><strong>M\u00fdvalov\u00e9:<\/strong> P\u0159ivezeni do N\u011bmecka ve 30. letech 20. stolet\u00ed se m\u00fdvalov\u00e9 rozmno\u017eili na v\u00edce ne\u017e milion jedinc\u016f a kolonizuj\u00ed m\u011bstsk\u00e9 i venkovsk\u00e9 oblasti.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kade\u0159av\u00fd \u010desnek:<\/strong> Bahenn\u00ed rostlina p\u016fvodem ze Severn\u00ed Ameriky, kade\u0159av\u00fd \u010desnek se stal invazivn\u00edm druhem ve Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii, kde pronik\u00e1 do voln\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrody a ovliv\u0148uje populace p\u016fvodn\u00edch rostlin.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Puerarie lalokonosn\u00e1:<\/strong> Rychle rostouc\u00ed li\u00e1na poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z Asie, puerarie lalokonosn\u00e1 se stala v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm invazivn\u00edm druhem v jihov\u00fdchodn\u00edch Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech, kde pokr\u00fdv\u00e1 rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 oblasti p\u016fdy a dus\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u00ed vegetaci.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Skokan volsk\u00fd:<\/strong> Zavle\u010den\u00fd do Evropy, skokan volsk\u00fd se stal hrozbou pro p\u016fvodn\u00ed oboj\u017eiveln\u00edky, proto\u017ee s nimi soupe\u0159\u00ed o potravu a \u017eivotn\u00ed prostor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dopady invazivn\u00edch druh\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<p>Invazivn\u00ed druhy mohou m\u00edt ni\u010div\u00e9 d\u016fsledky pro p\u016fvodn\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9my:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Nar\u0161en\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9mu:<\/strong> Invazivn\u00ed druhy mohou m\u011bnit potravinov\u00e9 \u0159et\u011bzce, cykly \u017eivin a toky vody, \u010d\u00edm\u017e naru\u0161uj\u00ed k\u0159ehkou rovnov\u00e1hu ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Konkurence a predace:<\/strong> Invazivn\u00ed druhy mohou vytla\u010dovat p\u016fvodn\u00ed druhy z jejich zdroj\u016f, jako jsou potraviny, voda a \u00fakryt, co\u017e vede k poklesu populace a dokonce k vyhynut\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>P\u0159enos nemoc\u00ed:<\/strong> Invazivn\u00ed druhy mohou p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et nemoci a parazity, kter\u00e9 mohou po\u0161kodit p\u016fvodn\u00ed druhy a lidi.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ztr\u00e1ta p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed:<\/strong> Invazivn\u00ed rostliny mohou vytv\u00e1\u0159et hust\u00e9 monokultury, kter\u00e9 vytla\u010duj\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u00ed vegetaci a sni\u017euj\u00ed dostupnost p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed pro p\u016fvodn\u00ed voln\u011b \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed \u017eivo\u010dichy.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ekonomick\u00fd dopad:<\/strong> Invazivn\u00ed druhy mohou zp\u016fsobit zna\u010dn\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty po\u0161kozen\u00edm plodin, hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at a infrastruktury.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kontrola invazivn\u00edch druh\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u0158\u00edzen\u00ed invazivn\u00edch druh\u016f je komplexn\u00ed v\u00fdzva, kter\u00e1 vy\u017eaduje mnoho\u00farov\u0148ov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Prevence:<\/strong> Prevence zavle\u010den\u00ed a \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed invazivn\u00edch druh\u016f je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed. Opat\u0159en\u00ed zahrnuj\u00ed hrani\u010dn\u00ed kontroly, omezen\u00ed dovozu a ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>V\u010dasn\u00e9 odhalen\u00ed a rychl\u00e1 reakce:<\/strong> V\u010dasn\u00e9 odhalen\u00ed a reakce na nov\u00e9 invazivn\u00ed druhy m\u016f\u017ee pomoci zabr\u00e1nit jejich usazen\u00ed a \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kontrola a eradikace:<\/strong> Invazivn\u00ed druhy lze kontrolovat nebo vym\u00fdtit pomoc\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch metod, v\u010detn\u011b fyzick\u00e9ho odstran\u011bn\u00ed, chemick\u00e9ho o\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed a biologick\u00e9 kontroly.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Obnova stanovi\u0161\u0165:<\/strong> Obnova p\u016fvodn\u00edch stanovi\u0161\u0165 m\u016f\u017ee pomoci sn\u00ed\u017eit zranitelnost ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f v\u016f\u010di invazivn\u00edm druh\u016fm.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a osv\u011bta:<\/strong> Ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a osv\u011bta jsou nezbytn\u00e9 pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed pov\u011bdom\u00ed o hrozb\u011b invazivn\u00edch druh\u016f a propagaci odpov\u011bdn\u00e9ho chov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Budoucnost \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed invazivn\u00edch druh\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u010cern\u00fd seznam invazivn\u00edch druh\u016f EU je v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm krokem k \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed hrozby invazivn\u00edch druh\u016f v Evrop\u011b. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci v\u0161ak zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed pot\u0159ebu komplexn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho seznamu a pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u00fdch aktualizac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 budou odr\u00e1\u017eet m\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed se povahu hrozby.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u0158\u00edzen\u00ed invazivn\u00edch druh\u016f vy\u017eaduje spolupr\u00e1ci mezi v\u011bdci, vl\u00e1dami, ochran\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdmi organizacemi a ve\u0159ejnost\u00ed. Spole\u010dnou prac\u00ed m\u016f\u017eeme chr\u00e1nit p\u016fvodn\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9my a zachovat biodiverzitu p\u0159ed ni\u010div\u00fdmi dopady invazivn\u00edch druh\u016f.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Invazivn\u00ed druhy: Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed hrozba Co jsou invazivn\u00ed druhy? Invazivn\u00ed druhy jsou nep\u016fvodn\u00ed rostliny, \u017eivo\u010dichov\u00e9 nebo mikroorganismy, kter\u00e9 byly zavle\u010deny do nov\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed hrozbu pro p\u016fvodn\u00ed druhy a ekosyst\u00e9my.&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1142],"tags":[395,219,286,401],"class_list":["post-811","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ecology-and-conservation","tag-biodiversity","tag-ecology","tag-invasive-species","tag-conservation"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/811","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=811"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/811\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":812,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/811\/revisions\/812"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=811"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=811"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=811"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}