{"id":8311,"date":"2024-08-24T06:06:51","date_gmt":"2024-08-24T06:06:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=8311"},"modified":"2024-08-24T06:06:51","modified_gmt":"2024-08-24T06:06:51","slug":"what-is-drywall-made-of","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/materials-science\/what-is-drywall-made-of\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u00e1drokarton: Slo\u017een\u00ed, v\u00fdhody a rizika"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Z \u010deho jsou vyrobeny s\u00e1drokartonov\u00e9 desky?<\/h2>\n\n<p>S\u00e1drokartonov\u00e9 desky, zn\u00e1m\u00e9 tak\u00e9 jako s\u00e1drokartonov\u00e9 desky, jsou stavebn\u00ed materi\u00e1l, kter\u00fd se b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed st\u011bn v domech a komer\u010dn\u00edch prostor\u00e1ch. Je to levn\u00e1 a snadn\u00e1 alternativa k tradi\u010dn\u00ed s\u00e1drokartonov\u00e9 konstrukci. S\u00e1drokartonov\u00e9 desky jsou obvykle vyrobeny ze s\u00e1dry, celul\u00f3zy nebo sklen\u011bn\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Slo\u017een\u00ed s\u00e1drokartonov\u00fdch desek<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>S\u00e1dra:<\/strong> S\u00e1dra, zn\u00e1m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 jako s\u00edran v\u00e1penat\u00fd, je hlavn\u00ed slo\u017ekou s\u00e1drokartonov\u00fdch desek a tvo\u0159\u00ed 70 % a\u017e 90 % jejich slo\u017een\u00ed. Je to protipo\u017e\u00e1rn\u00ed a zvukov\u011b izola\u010dn\u00ed materi\u00e1l.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Celul\u00f3za nebo sklen\u011bn\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna:<\/strong> A\u017e 10 % s\u00e1drokartonu tvo\u0159\u00ed celul\u00f3za, kter\u00e1 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v pap\u00edru pokr\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edm ob\u011b strany desky. Sklen\u011bn\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna se v\u0161ak st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed jako obkladov\u00fd materi\u00e1l kv\u016fli sv\u00e9 odolnosti v\u016f\u010di pl\u00edsn\u00edm.<\/li>\n<li><strong>P\u0159\u00edsady:<\/strong> S\u00e1drokartonov\u00e9 desky obsahuj\u00ed tak\u00e9 r\u016fzn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edsady, kter\u00e9 zlep\u0161uj\u00ed jejich pevnost, urychluj\u00ed tuhnut\u00ed, zabra\u0148uj\u00ed tvorb\u011b pl\u00edsn\u00ed a poskytuj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdhody. Mezi tyto p\u0159\u00edsady pat\u0159\u00ed pap\u00edrov\u00e1 nebo sklen\u011bn\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna, zm\u011bk\u010dovadla, \u0161krob, jemn\u011b mlet\u00e9 krystaly sl\u00eddy, EDTA, protipl\u00eds\u0148ov\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, voskov\u00e1 emulze a s\u00edran draseln\u00fd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Z \u010deho je vyrobena sp\u00e1rovac\u00ed hmota?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Sp\u00e1rovac\u00ed hmota, zn\u00e1m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 jako tmel, se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k zakryt\u00ed p\u00e1sky, kter\u00e1 ut\u011bs\u0148uje spoje mezi s\u00e1drokartonov\u00fdmi deskami. Nen\u00ed to zkapaln\u011bn\u00fd s\u00e1drov\u00fd materi\u00e1l, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e sm\u011bs:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Uhli\u010ditan v\u00e1penat\u00fd:<\/strong> Toto je hlavn\u00ed miner\u00e1l ve sp\u00e1rovac\u00ed hmot\u011b pro s\u00e1drokarton, zn\u00e1m\u00fd tak\u00e9 jako mlet\u00fd v\u00e1penec.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mastek:<\/strong> Ultrajemn\u00fd mastek se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 ve sp\u00e1rovac\u00ed hmot\u011b, proto\u017ee jeho desti\u010dkovit\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice le\u017e\u00ed naplocho a odol\u00e1vaj\u00ed prask\u00e1n\u00ed, co\u017e usnad\u0148uje brou\u0161en\u00ed pro dosa\u017een\u00ed hladk\u00e9ho povrchu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jsou v s\u00e1drokartonov\u00fdch desk\u00e1ch \u0161kodliv\u00e9 chemik\u00e1lie?<\/h2>\n\n<p>S\u00e1drokartonov\u00e9 desky jsou obecn\u011b bezpe\u010dn\u00e9, pokud jsou udr\u017eov\u00e1ny pevn\u00e9 a stabiln\u00ed. Jemn\u00fd prach, kter\u00fd produkuj\u00ed, v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee obsahovat \u0161kodliv\u00e9 chemik\u00e1lie, jako je formaldehyd, acetaldehyd a krystalick\u00fd oxid k\u0159emi\u010dit\u00fd. Tyto chemik\u00e1lie mohou b\u00fdt nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9, pokud jsou vdechnuty.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Typy s\u00e1drokartonov\u00fdch desek<\/h2>\n\n<p>Existuje mnoho r\u016fzn\u00fdch typ\u016f s\u00e1drokartonov\u00fdch desek, z nich\u017e ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 specifick\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>B\u00edl\u00e1 deska (b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 s\u00e1drokartonov\u00e1 deska):<\/strong> Nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed typ s\u00e1drokartonov\u00e9 desky, kter\u00e1 m\u011b\u0159\u00ed 4 stopy x 8 stop a jej\u00ed tlou\u0161\u0165ka se pohybuje od 3\/8 palce do 1 palce.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zelen\u00e1 deska (vod\u011bodoln\u00e1 s\u00e1drokartonov\u00e1 deska):<\/strong> M\u00e1 voskov\u00fd, vodoodpudiv\u00fd povlak a chemik\u00e1lie, kter\u00e9 odol\u00e1vaj\u00ed vlhkosti a pl\u00edsn\u00edm.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Protipo\u017e\u00e1rn\u00ed s\u00e1drokartonov\u00e1 deska:<\/strong> Obsahuje sklen\u011bn\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna a je navr\u017eena tak, aby odolala ohni.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdhody s\u00e1drokartonov\u00fdch desek<\/h2>\n\n<p>S\u00e1drokartonov\u00e9 desky oproti tradi\u010dn\u00ed s\u00e1drokartonov\u00e9 konstrukci nab\u00edzej\u00ed n\u011bkolik v\u00fdhod:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>N\u00e1kladov\u011b efektivn\u00ed:<\/strong> S\u00e1drokartonov\u00e9 desky jsou relativn\u011b levn\u00fd materi\u00e1l.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Snadn\u00e1 instalace:<\/strong> S\u00e1drokartonov\u00e9 desky jsou lehk\u00e9 a snadno se \u0159e\u017eou a instaluj\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Odoln\u00e9 proti ohni:<\/strong> S\u00e1drokartonov\u00e9 desky jsou protipo\u017e\u00e1rn\u00ed materi\u00e1l, zejm\u00e9na protipo\u017e\u00e1rn\u00ed s\u00e1drokartonov\u00e9 desky.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zvukov\u011b izola\u010dn\u00ed:<\/strong> S\u00e1dra m\u00e1 zvukov\u011b izola\u010dn\u00ed vlastnosti, d\u00edky \u010demu\u017e jsou s\u00e1drokartonov\u00e9 desky \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdm materi\u00e1lem pro sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed hluku.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Zdravotn\u00ed rizika s\u00e1drokartonov\u00e9ho prachu<\/h2>\n\n<p>P\u0159i pr\u00e1ci se s\u00e1drokartonov\u00fdmi deskami je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 nosit masku, abyste zabr\u00e1nili vdechov\u00e1n\u00ed jemn\u00e9ho prachu. Tento prach m\u016f\u017ee obsahovat \u0161kodliv\u00e9 chemik\u00e1lie, kter\u00e9 mohou zp\u016fsobit probl\u00e9my s d\u00fdchac\u00edmi cestami a dal\u0161\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed probl\u00e9my.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Environment\u00e1ln\u00ed obavy<\/h2>\n\n<p>S\u00e1drokartonov\u00e9 desky vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00e9 v \u010c\u00edn\u011b jsou spojov\u00e1ny s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi environment\u00e1ln\u00edmi obavami, mimo jin\u00e9:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>S\u00edra:<\/strong> Nadm\u011brn\u00e9 hladiny s\u00edry v \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch s\u00e1drokartonov\u00fdch desk\u00e1ch mohou korodovat elektrick\u00e9 rozvody a vodovodn\u00ed potrub\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Stroncium:<\/strong> \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 s\u00e1drokartonov\u00e9 desky obsahuj\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed koncentrace stroncia ne\u017e s\u00e1drokartonov\u00e9 desky vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00e9 v USA.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Protipl\u00eds\u0148ov\u00e9 prost\u0159edky:<\/strong> N\u011bkter\u00e9 s\u00e1drokartonov\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky obsahuj\u00ed prost\u0159edky k pot\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed pl\u00edsn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt \u0161kodliv\u00e9 pro citliv\u00e9 osoby.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Z \u010deho jsou vyrobeny s\u00e1drokartonov\u00e9 desky? S\u00e1drokartonov\u00e9 desky, zn\u00e1m\u00e9 tak\u00e9 jako s\u00e1drokartonov\u00e9 desky, jsou stavebn\u00ed materi\u00e1l, kter\u00fd se b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed st\u011bn v domech a komer\u010dn\u00edch prostor\u00e1ch. Je to&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":24126,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3681],"tags":[440,10436,9577,8820,12767],"class_list":["post-8311","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-materials-science","tag-environmental-concerns","tag-drywall","tag-building-materials","tag-home-improvement","tag-health-hazards"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8311","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8311"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8311\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24127,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8311\/revisions\/24127"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24126"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8311"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8311"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8311"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}