{"id":842,"date":"2021-04-02T21:36:53","date_gmt":"2021-04-02T21:36:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=842"},"modified":"2021-04-02T21:36:53","modified_gmt":"2021-04-02T21:36:53","slug":"mary-sears-oceanographer-wwii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/oceanography\/mary-sears-oceanographer-wwii\/","title":{"rendered":"Mary Sears: Oce\u00e1nografka, kter\u00e1 p\u0159isp\u011bla k v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed ve 2. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mary Sears: Oce\u00e1nografka, kter\u00e1 pomohla vyhr\u00e1t druhou sv\u011btovou v\u00e1lku<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ml\u00e1d\u00ed a vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Mary Sears se narodila v roce 1905 ve Waylandu ve st\u00e1t\u011b Massachusetts. Ji\u017e v mlad\u00e9m v\u011bku se u n\u00ed projevila v\u00e1\u0161e\u0148 pro mo\u0159skou biologii. P\u0159esto\u017ee jako \u017eena ve v\u011bd\u011b \u010delila p\u0159edsudk\u016fm, z\u00edskala v roce 1933 doktor\u00e1t ze zoologie.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution<\/h2>\n\n<p>V roce 1933 nastoupila Sears do Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI). Stala se p\u0159edn\u00ed odbornic\u00ed na plankton a dal\u0161\u00ed mo\u0159sk\u00e9 organismy. Jako \u017eena v\u0161ak nesm\u011bla vyplout na v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch plavidlech instituce.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Druh\u00e1 sv\u011btov\u00e1 v\u00e1lka a n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvo<\/h2>\n\n<p>Kdy\u017e vypukla druh\u00e1 sv\u011btov\u00e1 v\u00e1lka, vstoupila Sears do \u017eensk\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed z\u00e1lohy (WAVES). Byla p\u0159id\u011blena do Hydrografick\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159adu, kde pro n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvo analyzovala oce\u00e1nografick\u00e1 data.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Oce\u00e1nografick\u00e9 zpravodajstv\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Searsin t\u00fdm v Hydrografick\u00e9m \u00fa\u0159adu sehr\u00e1l kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli v poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed oce\u00e1nografick\u00fdch informac\u00ed pro oboj\u017eiveln\u00e9 operace. Vypracov\u00e1vali zpr\u00e1vy o p\u0159\u00edlivu, proudech a dal\u0161\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch oce\u00e1nu, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvu pom\u00e1haly pl\u00e1novat vylod\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bitva o Tarawu<\/h2>\n\n<p>Nedostatek oce\u00e1nografick\u00fdch informac\u00ed p\u0159isp\u011bl k vysok\u00fdm ztr\u00e1t\u00e1m v bitv\u011b o Tarawu v roce 1943. Searsin t\u00fdm identifikoval potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed riziko odlivu a \u00fates\u016f, ale jeho varov\u00e1n\u00ed nebyla vysly\u0161ena.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Zpr\u00e1vy JANIS<\/h2>\n\n<p>Sears a jej\u00ed t\u00fdm vytvo\u0159ili zpr\u00e1vy Joint Army Navy Intelligence Studies (JANIS). Tyto zpr\u00e1vy poskytovaly podrobn\u00e9 oce\u00e1nografick\u00e9 informace o konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch c\u00edlech, v\u010detn\u011b Filip\u00edn, Mari\u00e1n a Karolin.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Protiponorkov\u00fd boj<\/h2>\n\n<p>Sears tak\u00e9 hr\u00e1la kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli v protiponorkov\u00e9m boji. Shroma\u017e\u010fovala a analyzovala data o teplot\u00e1ch oce\u00e1nu a termoklin\u00e1ch, co\u017e n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvu pomohlo lokalizovat a sledovat nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 ponorky.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Odkaz<\/h2>\n\n<p>Po v\u00e1lce Sears pokra\u010dovala v pr\u00e1ci v oce\u00e1nografii. Byla zakl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed spolueditorkou \u010dasopisu Deep Sea Research a koordinovala prvn\u00ed Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed oce\u00e1nografick\u00fd kongres. V roce 1970 ode\u0161la z Woods Hole do d\u016fchodu a v roce 1997 zem\u0159ela.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vliv na n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvo<\/h2>\n\n<p>Searsinina pr\u00e1ce zm\u011bnila p\u0159\u00edstup n\u00e1mo\u0159nictva k oce\u00e1nografii a oboj\u017eiveln\u00fdm operac\u00edm. Jej\u00ed oce\u00e1nografick\u00e9 zpravodajstv\u00ed pomohlo n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvu vyhr\u00e1t tichomo\u0159skou kampa\u0148 a zachr\u00e1nit nespo\u010det \u017eivot\u016f.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dal\u0161\u00ed podrobnosti<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Searsin t\u00fdm v Hydrografick\u00e9m \u00fa\u0159adu analyzoval p\u0159es 33 oce\u00e1nografick\u00fdch t\u00e9mat pro ka\u017edou c\u00edlovou oblast.<\/li>\n<li>Zpr\u00e1vy JANIS pokr\u00fdvaly \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu oce\u00e1nografick\u00fdch jev\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b p\u0159\u00edlivu, proud\u016f, stoup\u00e1n\u00ed hladiny mo\u0159e a vzorc\u016f vln.<\/li>\n<li>Searsinina pr\u00e1ce na poli protiponorkov\u00e9ho boje pomohla n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvu vyvinout nov\u00e9 taktiky a technologie pro detekci a sledov\u00e1n\u00ed ponorek.<\/li>\n<li>V roce 2000 americk\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvo pok\u0159tilo nov\u00fd oce\u00e1nografick\u00fd v\u00fdzkumn\u00fd plavidlo, USNS Mary Sears, na jej\u00ed po\u010dest.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 slova:<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Oboj\u017eiveln\u00e9 operace<\/li>\n<li>Bitva o Tarawu<\/li>\n<li>Hydrografick\u00e9 pr\u016fzkumy<\/li>\n<li>Zpr\u00e1vy JANIS<\/li>\n<li>Mo\u0159sk\u00e1 biologie<\/li>\n<li>N\u00e1mo\u0159nictvo<\/li>\n<li>Oce\u00e1nografick\u00e9 zpravodajstv\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>Oce\u00e1nografie<\/li>\n<li>Ponorkov\u00fd boj<\/li>\n<li>P\u0159\u00edliv<\/li>\n<li>Podmo\u0159sk\u00e1 topografie<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mary Sears: Oce\u00e1nografka, kter\u00e1 pomohla vyhr\u00e1t druhou sv\u011btovou v\u00e1lku Ml\u00e1d\u00ed a vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed Mary Sears se narodila v roce 1905 ve Waylandu ve st\u00e1t\u011b Massachusetts. Ji\u017e v mlad\u00e9m v\u011bku se u&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2003],"tags":[1998,2002,56,2000,1997,361,1302,1999,99,211,2001],"class_list":["post-842","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-oceanography","tag-amphibious-warfare","tag-anti-submarine-warfare","tag-world-war-ii","tag-hydrographic-surveys","tag-mary-sears","tag-marine-biology","tag-oceanography","tag-oceanographic-intelligence","tag-lifescienceart","tag-women-in-stem","tag-janis-reports"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/842","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=842"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/842\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":843,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/842\/revisions\/843"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=842"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=842"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=842"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}