{"id":8637,"date":"2019-07-23T15:13:24","date_gmt":"2019-07-23T15:13:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=8637"},"modified":"2019-07-23T15:13:24","modified_gmt":"2019-07-23T15:13:24","slug":"growing-and-caring-for-peas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/life\/gardening\/growing-and-caring-for-peas\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u00e9\u010de o hr\u00e1\u0161ek: V\u0161e, co pot\u0159ebujete v\u011bd\u011bt"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak p\u011bstovat a pe\u010dovat o hr\u00e1\u0161ek: Komplexn\u00ed pr\u016fvodce<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdsadba hr\u00e1\u0161ku<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Kdy vysazovat:<\/strong> Semena hr\u00e1\u0161ku vysazujte p\u0159\u00edmo na zahradu 4-6 t\u00fddn\u016f p\u0159ed posledn\u00edm p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00fdm jarn\u00edm mrazem. Hr\u00e1\u0161ek m\u00e1 ur\u010ditou odolnost v\u016f\u010di mrazu, ale dlouhodob\u00e9 n\u00edzk\u00e9 teploty mohou po\u0161kodit sazenice. Hr\u00e1\u0161ek m\u016f\u017eete tak\u00e9 vysadit na konci l\u00e9ta nebo na podzim, 6-8 t\u00fddn\u016f p\u0159ed prvn\u00edm p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00fdm podzimn\u00edm mrazem.<\/li>\n<li><strong>V\u00fdb\u011br m\u00edsta pro v\u00fdsadbu:<\/strong> Vyberte slunn\u00e9 m\u00edsto s dob\u0159e odvodn\u011bnou p\u016fdou. Vyhn\u011bte se m\u00edst\u016fm, kde byl v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b p\u011bstov\u00e1n hr\u00e1\u0161ek, proto\u017ee v p\u016fd\u011b mohou p\u0159etrv\u00e1vat \u0161k\u016fdci a choroby. Zva\u017ete vyv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 z\u00e1hony, pokud m\u00e1te \u0161patn\u011b odvodn\u011bnou p\u016fdu nebo siln\u00e9 sr\u00e1\u017eky.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Rozestupy, hloubka a opora:<\/strong> Semena vysazujte do hloubky 2,5 cm a v rozestupech 5 cm. \u0158\u00e1dky by m\u011bly b\u00fdt od sebe vzd\u00e1leny nejm\u00e9n\u011b 18 cm. Pokud m\u00e1te pop\u00ednavou odr\u016fdu, nainstalujte p\u0159i v\u00fdsadb\u011b ty\u010de nebo hrachov\u00e9 oplocen\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">P\u00e9\u010de o hr\u00e1ch<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Sv\u011btlo:<\/strong> Hr\u00e1ch preferuje pln\u00e9 slunce, to znamen\u00e1 alespo\u0148 \u0161est hodin p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho slune\u010dn\u00edho sv\u011btla v\u011bt\u0161inu dn\u00ed. Snese i trochu st\u00ednu, ale to m\u016f\u017ee omezit produkci a ovlivnit chu\u0165.<\/li>\n<li><strong>P\u016fda:<\/strong> Hr\u00e1ch m\u016f\u017ee r\u016fst v r\u016fzn\u00fdch typech p\u016fdy, pokud je dob\u0159e odvodn\u011bn\u00e1. Pro nejlep\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdsledky vysazujte hr\u00e1ch do hlinit\u00e9 p\u016fdy bohat\u00e9 na organickou hmotu. Ide\u00e1ln\u00ed pH p\u016fdy je m\u00edrn\u011b kysel\u00e9 a\u017e neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Voda:<\/strong> Spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 z\u00e1livka je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nou \u00farodu hr\u00e1\u0161ku. Udr\u017eujte p\u016fdu vlhkou, ale ne p\u0159emok\u0159enou. Asi 2,5 cm vody t\u00fddn\u011b by m\u011blo sta\u010dit.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Teplota a vlhkost:<\/strong> Hr\u00e1ch nejl\u00e9pe roste p\u0159i m\u00edrn\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch mezi 16 a 21 stupni Celsia. M\u00e1 dobrou toleranci v\u016f\u010di chladu, ale p\u0159i teplot\u00e1ch nad 29 stup\u0148\u016f Celsia trp\u00ed. Vlhkost zpravidla nen\u00ed probl\u00e9m, pokud jsou spln\u011bny pot\u0159eby p\u016fdn\u00ed vlhkosti.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hnojen\u00ed:<\/strong> Hr\u00e1ch obvykle nevy\u017eaduje hnojen\u00ed, ale je prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 zapracovat do p\u016fdy p\u0159ed v\u00fdsadbou trochu kompostu. Rostlin\u00e1m m\u016f\u017eete tak\u00e9 dodat \u017eiviny vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00fdm organick\u00fdm tekut\u00fdm hnojivem, kdy\u017e se poprv\u00e9 objev\u00ed sazenice.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Op\u00fdlen\u00ed:<\/strong> Rostliny hrachu jsou samospra\u0161n\u00e9, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee nevy\u017eaduj\u00ed odd\u011blen\u00e9 sam\u010d\u00ed a sami\u010d\u00ed rostliny.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Druhy hrachu<\/h2>\n\n<p>Existuje mnoho r\u016fzn\u00fdch druh\u016f hrachu, mimo jin\u00e9:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ke\u0159\u00ed\u010dkov\u00e9 odr\u016fdy:<\/strong> Tyto druhy hrachu dor\u016fstaj\u00ed do kompaktn\u00ed velikosti a nevy\u017eaduj\u00ed oporu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pop\u00ednav\u00e9 odr\u016fdy:<\/strong> Tyto druhy hrachu rostou na dlouh\u00fdch \u00faponc\u00edch a vy\u017eaduj\u00ed podp\u016frn\u00e9 struktury, jako jsou ty\u010de nebo m\u0159\u00ed\u017ee.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cukrov\u00fd hr\u00e1\u0161ek:<\/strong> Tyto druhy hrachu maj\u00ed \u0161krobov\u00e1 semena a obvykle se jed\u00ed \u010derstv\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Jarn\u00ed hr\u00e1\u0161ek:<\/strong> Tyto druhy hrachu maj\u00ed mal\u00e1 semena a ploch\u00e9, jedl\u00e9 lusky.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Luskov\u00fd hr\u00e1\u0161ek:<\/strong> Tyto druhy hrachu maj\u00ed velk\u00e1 semena a \u0161\u0165avnat\u00e9, jedl\u00e9 lusky.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hr\u00e1ch vs. \u010dernohl\u00e1vek obecn\u00fd<\/h2>\n\n<p>P\u0159es spole\u010dn\u00fd n\u00e1zev jsou hr\u00e1ch a \u010dernohl\u00e1vek obecn\u00fd odli\u0161n\u00e9 druhy. \u010cernohl\u00e1vek obecn\u00fd je vlastn\u011b kategorizov\u00e1n jako fazole a preferuje mnohem teplej\u0161\u00ed podm\u00ednky pro r\u016fst ne\u017e hr\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sklize\u0148 hrachu<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ur\u010den\u00ed zralosti:<\/strong> Hr\u00e1ch je p\u0159ipraven ke sklizni, kdy\u017e jsou lusky pln\u011b vytvo\u0159en\u00e9, ale je\u0161t\u011b nejsou matn\u00e9 nebo voskov\u00e9. Jarn\u00ed hr\u00e1\u0161ek je p\u0159ipraven, kdy\u017e se v jeho lusc\u00edch objev\u00ed mal\u00e9 hr\u00e1\u0161ky. Luskov\u00fd hr\u00e1\u0161ek je p\u0159ipraven, kdy\u017e jsou lusky pln\u00e9 a leskl\u00e9. Ke\u0159\u00ed\u010dkov\u00fd hr\u00e1\u0161ek je p\u0159ipraven, kdy\u017e jsou lusky pln\u011b vytvo\u0159en\u00e9, ale je\u0161t\u011b nejsou matn\u00e9 nebo voskov\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Technika sklizn\u011b:<\/strong> Jemn\u011b odlomte lusky z \u00faponk\u016f rukama a dejte pozor, abyste nepo\u0161kodili \u00faponky a nevyv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed se lusky. Hr\u00e1ch je nejlep\u0161\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edt co nejd\u0159\u00edve po sklizni.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">P\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed hr\u00e1\u0161ku v kv\u011btin\u00e1\u010d\u00edch<\/h2>\n\n<p>Pokud nem\u00e1te zahradu nebo vhodn\u00e9 p\u016fdn\u00ed podm\u00ednky, m\u016f\u017eete p\u011bstovat hr\u00e1\u0161ek v n\u00e1dob\u00e1ch. Pou\u017eijte kv\u011btin\u00e1\u010d s dren\u00e1\u017en\u00edmi otvory, kter\u00fd je \u0161irok\u00fd a hlubok\u00fd nejm\u00e9n\u011b 30 cm. Ide\u00e1ln\u00ed je neglazovan\u00fd hlin\u011bn\u00fd kv\u011btin\u00e1\u010d, proto\u017ee umo\u017e\u0148uje odpa\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ebyte\u010dn\u00e9 p\u016fdn\u00ed vlhkosti skrz sv\u00e9 st\u011bny. Sna\u017ete se vysazovat do n\u00e1doby, kter\u00e1 bude odpov\u00eddat velikosti dosp\u011bl\u00e9 rostliny, proto\u017ee hr\u00e1ch se po p\u0159esazen\u00ed neda\u0159\u00ed. Pou\u017eijte rychle propustnou organickou zal\u00e9vac\u00ed zeminu ur\u010denou pro zeleninu. Pokud p\u011bstujete pop\u00ednavou odr\u016fdu, poskytn\u011bte op\u011brnou strukturu.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pro\u0159ez\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Pro\u0159ez\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed obecn\u011b nen\u00ed pro rostliny hrachu nutn\u00e9. M\u016f\u017eete v\u0161ak od\u0161t\u00edpnout mal\u00e9 \u00faponky nebo v\u00fdhonky a pou\u017e\u00edt je do sal\u00e1t\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch pokrm\u016f. Maj\u00ed jemnou hr\u00e1\u0161kovou chu\u0165.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mno\u017een\u00ed hrachu<\/h2>\n\n<p>Rostliny hrachu lze mno\u017eit uchov\u00e1n\u00edm jejich semen. To je levn\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak vyp\u011bstovat nov\u00e9 rostliny a rozmno\u017eit konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed odr\u016fdy. Nechte zdrav\u00e9 lusky na rostlin\u011b uschnout. Jakmile zhn\u011bdnou a \u0443\u0441\u00edt\u00edte, \u017ee uvnit\u0159 chrast\u00ed semena, odlomte lusky z rostliny. Vyjm\u011bte semena z lusk\u016f a rozlo\u017ete je na s\u00edto uvnit\u0159, aby d\u016fkladn\u011b uschla, co\u017e potrv\u00e1 n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed. Uchov\u00e1vejte usu\u0161en\u00e1 semena v ob\u00e1lce ozna\u010den\u00e9 datem. M\u011bla by b\u00fdt kl\u00ed\u010div\u00e1 n\u011bkolik let.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">P\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed hrachu ze semen<\/h2>\n\n<p>P\u0159ed v\u00fdsadbou namo\u010dte semena p\u0159es noc do tepl\u00e9 vody, abyste urychlili jejich kl\u00ed\u010den\u00ed. Pot\u00e9 je zasa\u010fte do nakyp\u0159en\u00e9 p\u016fdy, kter\u00e1 je m\u00edrn\u011b vlhk\u00e1, ale ne mokr\u00e1. O\u010dek\u00e1vejte kl\u00ed\u010den\u00ed asi za t\u00fdden, pokud je teplota p\u016fdy 18 stup\u0148\u016f Celsia nebo vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed. Kl\u00ed\u010den\u00ed semen v p\u016fd\u011b o teplot\u011b kolem 4 stup\u0148\u016f Celsia m\u016f\u017ee trvat a\u017e m\u011bs\u00edc.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">P\u0159ezimov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Rostliny hrachu jsou jednolet\u00e9, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee sv\u016fj \u017eivotn\u00ed cyklus dokon\u010d\u00ed za jednu vegeta\u010dn\u00ed sez\u00f3nu. P\u0159ezimov\u00e1n\u00ed proto nen\u00ed nutn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B\u011b\u017en\u00ed \u0161k\u016fdci a choroby<\/h2>\n\n<p>Mezi b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 \u0161k\u016fdce, kte\u0159\u00ed mohou napadat rostliny hrachu, pat\u0159\u00ed m\u0161ice, hrachov\u00ed nosatci a dal\u0161\u00ed hmyz. K zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed probl\u00e9m\u016f se \u0161k\u016fdci mohou pomoci organick\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed, jako je sra\u017een\u00ed hmyzu siln\u00fdm proudem vody nebo pou\u017eit\u00ed insekticidn\u00edho m\u00fddla. Tak\u00e9 spole\u010dn\u00e1 v\u00fdsadba m\u016f\u017ee odradit hmyz. Na rostliny hrachu mohou tak\u00e9 p\u016fsobit houbov\u00e9 choroby, jako je fusariov\u00e9 vadnut\u00ed a padl\u00ed. Obvykle je nejlep\u0161\u00ed napaden\u00e9 rostliny zni\u010dit, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed chorob.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dal\u0161\u00ed tipy<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Prov\u00e1d\u011bjte st\u0159\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed plodin, abyste zabr\u00e1nili tomu, aby se \u0161k\u016fdci a choroby staly chronick\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem.<\/li>\n<li>Mul\u010dujte kolem rostlin hrachu, abyste udr\u017eeli p\u016fdn\u00ed vlhkost a potla\u010dili plevel.<\/li>\n<li>Hr\u00e1ch zal\u00e9vejte u b\u00e1ze rostliny, abyste zabr\u00e1nili namo\u010den\u00ed list\u016f, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee podporovat choroby.<\/li>\n<li>Pokud v\u00e1\u0161 hr\u00e1\u0161ek \u0161patn\u011b plod\u00ed, zkontrolujte pH p\u016fdy. Hr\u00e1ch preferuje m\u00edrn\u011b kyselou a\u017e neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u016fdu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Jak p\u011bstovat a pe\u010dovat o hr\u00e1\u0161ek: Komplexn\u00ed pr\u016fvodce V\u00fdsadba hr\u00e1\u0161ku Kdy vysazovat: Semena hr\u00e1\u0161ku vysazujte p\u0159\u00edmo na zahradu 4-6 t\u00fddn\u016f p\u0159ed posledn\u00edm p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00fdm jarn\u00edm mrazem. Hr\u00e1\u0161ek m\u00e1 ur\u010ditou odolnost v\u016f\u010di&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8813],"tags":[10557,10583,9328,99,8973,8848],"class_list":["post-8637","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-gardening","tag-homegrown","tag-peas","tag-harvesting","tag-lifescienceart","tag-planting","tag-gardening"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8637","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8637"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8637\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8638,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8637\/revisions\/8638"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8637"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8637"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8637"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}