{"id":90,"date":"2021-02-11T11:25:43","date_gmt":"2021-02-11T11:25:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=90"},"modified":"2021-02-11T11:25:43","modified_gmt":"2021-02-11T11:25:43","slug":"plastic-pollution-in-the-ocean-a-threat-to-our-oceans","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/environmental-science\/plastic-pollution-in-the-ocean-a-threat-to-our-oceans\/","title":{"rendered":"Plastov\u00e1 zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed: Hrozba pro na\u0161e oce\u00e1ny"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Plastov\u00e9 zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed: Hrozba pro na\u0161e oce\u00e1ny<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Plastov\u00e9 zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v oce\u00e1nech<\/h2>\n\n<p>Plast je dnes v oce\u00e1nech nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm typem zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Poch\u00e1z\u00ed z r\u016fzn\u00fdch zdroj\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b odpadk\u016f, odpadn\u00edch vod a pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed. Jakmile se plast dostane do oce\u00e1nu, m\u016f\u017ee se rozpadnout na men\u0161\u00ed kousky, zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako mikroplasty. Mikroplasty mohou b\u00fdt poz\u0159eny mo\u0159sk\u00fdmi \u017eivo\u010dichy, kde mohou zablokovat jejich tr\u00e1vic\u00ed syst\u00e9m a vyplavit do jejich t\u011bl toxick\u00e9 chemik\u00e1lie.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Rozsah probl\u00e9mu<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 studie publikovan\u00e1 v \u010dasopise PLOS ONE zjistila, \u017ee v oce\u00e1nech je nejm\u00e9n\u011b 5,25 bilionu kus\u016f plastu o hmotnosti t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 269 000 tun. To je zat\u00edm nejrobustn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed odhad zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed mo\u0159\u00ed plasty.<\/p>\n\n<p>Auto\u0159i studie odebrali vzorky vody a provedli vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u016fzkumy na 24 m\u00edstech po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, v\u010detn\u011b v\u0161ech p\u011bti subtropick\u00fdch v\u00edr\u016f. Zjistili, \u017ee mikroplasty p\u0159edstavovaly asi 90 procent celkov\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed odpadu.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Zdroje plastov\u00e9ho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Plastov\u00e9 zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed se do oce\u00e1n\u016f dost\u00e1v\u00e1 z r\u016fzn\u00fdch zdroj\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0158eky: Plastov\u00fd odpad m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt do \u0159ek splaven odtokem de\u0161\u0165ov\u00e9 vody a p\u0159epady kanalizace.<\/li>\n<li>Pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed: Plastov\u00fd odpad m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt do oce\u00e1nu odvanut v\u011btrem nebo odplaven vlnami.<\/li>\n<li>Lod\u011b: Plastov\u00fd odpad m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt z lod\u00ed vyhozen p\u0159es palubu nebo ztracen p\u0159i nehod\u00e1ch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Osud plastov\u00e9ho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Jakmile se plast dostane do oce\u00e1nu, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt un\u00e1\u0161en proudy a v\u011btry. M\u016f\u017ee se tak\u00e9 rozpadnout na men\u0161\u00ed kousky, zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako mikroplasty. Mikroplasty mohou b\u00fdt poz\u0159eny mo\u0159sk\u00fdmi \u017eivo\u010dichy, kde mohou zablokovat jejich tr\u00e1vic\u00ed syst\u00e9m a vyplavit do jejich t\u011bl toxick\u00e9 chemik\u00e1lie.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dopady plastov\u00e9ho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Plastov\u00e9 zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed m\u00e1 na mo\u0159sk\u00fd \u017eivot \u0159adu negativn\u00edch dopad\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Po\u017eit\u00ed: Mo\u0159\u0161t\u00ed \u017eivo\u010dichov\u00e9 mohou poz\u0159\u00edt plast, kter\u00fd jim m\u016f\u017ee zablokovat tr\u00e1vic\u00ed syst\u00e9m a v\u00e9st k hladov\u011bn\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Zapleten\u00ed: Mo\u0159\u0161t\u00ed \u017eivo\u010dichov\u00e9 se mohou zamotat do plastov\u00fdch odpadk\u016f, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee omezit jejich pohyb a zp\u016fsobit zran\u011bn\u00ed nebo smrt.<\/li>\n<li>Toxicita: Plast m\u016f\u017ee do vody vyplavovat toxick\u00e9 chemik\u00e1lie, kter\u00e9 mohou po\u0161kodit mo\u0159sk\u00e9 \u017eivo\u010dichy i lidi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0158e\u0161en\u00ed plastov\u00e9ho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Existuje \u0159ada v\u011bc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 lze ud\u011blat pro sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed plastov\u00e9ho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v oce\u00e1nech, v\u010detn\u011b:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed spot\u0159eby plast\u016f: Svou spot\u0159ebu plast\u016f m\u016f\u017eeme sn\u00ed\u017eit t\u00edm, \u017ee m\u00edsto jednor\u00e1zov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f budeme volit opakovan\u011b pou\u017eiteln\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky a plasty budeme recyklovat, kdykoli je to mo\u017en\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li>Zlep\u0161en\u00ed nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s odpady: Nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s odpady m\u016f\u017eeme zlep\u0161it sn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm mno\u017estv\u00ed odpadu, zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00edm recyklace a investov\u00e1n\u00edm do nov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed pro zachycen\u00ed a odstran\u011bn\u00ed plast\u016f z \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Vy\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed plastov\u00e9ho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed: Plastov\u00e9 zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed m\u016f\u017eeme vy\u010distit organizov\u00e1n\u00edm \u00faklid\u016f pl\u00e1\u017e\u00ed a podporou organizac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 pracuj\u00ed na odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed plast\u016f z oce\u00e1n\u016f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n\n<p>Plastov\u00e9 zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159edstavuje v\u00e1\u017enou hrozbu pro na\u0161e oce\u00e1ny a mo\u0159sk\u00fd \u017eivot. Mus\u00edme podniknout kroky ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed spot\u0159eby plast\u016f, ke zlep\u0161en\u00ed nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s odpady a k vy\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed plastov\u00e9ho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Spoluprac\u00ed m\u016f\u017eeme chr\u00e1nit na\u0161e oce\u00e1ny pro budouc\u00ed generace.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Plastov\u00e9 zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed: Hrozba pro na\u0161e oce\u00e1ny Plastov\u00e9 zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v oce\u00e1nech Plast je dnes v oce\u00e1nech nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm typem zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Poch\u00e1z\u00ed z r\u016fzn\u00fdch zdroj\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b odpadk\u016f, odpadn\u00edch vod a pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed. Jakmile&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[38],"tags":[266,265,264,267,263],"class_list":["post-90","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-environmental-science","tag-microplastic","tag-marine-life","tag-ocean-conservation","tag-environmentalism","tag-plastic-pollution"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/90","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=90"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/90\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":91,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/90\/revisions\/91"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=90"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=90"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=90"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}