{"id":917,"date":"2023-12-04T09:29:22","date_gmt":"2023-12-04T09:29:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=917"},"modified":"2023-12-04T09:29:22","modified_gmt":"2023-12-04T09:29:22","slug":"hot-solar-cells-a-revolutionary-leap-in-solar-energy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/energy\/hot-solar-cells-a-revolutionary-leap-in-solar-energy\/","title":{"rendered":"Hork\u00e9 sol\u00e1rn\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nky: revolu\u010dn\u00ed skok v oblasti sol\u00e1rn\u00ed energie"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hork\u00e9 sol\u00e1rn\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nky: Revolu\u010dn\u00ed skok v oblasti sol\u00e1rn\u00ed energie<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vyu\u017eit\u00ed extr\u00e9mn\u00edho tepla pro bezkonkuren\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost<\/h2>\n\n<p>Konven\u010dn\u00ed sol\u00e1rn\u00ed panely byly dlouho omezov\u00e1ny svou omezenou schopnost\u00ed p\u0159em\u011b\u0148ovat slune\u010dn\u00ed sv\u011btlo na elekt\u0159inu, typicky se pohybuj\u00edc\u00ed kolem 25% \u00fa\u010dinnosti. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b se objevila pr\u016flomov\u00e1 nov\u00e1 technologie zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako &#8220;hork\u00e9 sol\u00e1rn\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nky&#8221;, kter\u00e1 slibuje prolomit tuto bari\u00e9ru a odemknout neb\u00fdval\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b v\u00fdroby energie.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u011bda za hork\u00fdmi sol\u00e1rn\u00edmi \u010dl\u00e1nky<\/h2>\n\n<p>Hork\u00e9 sol\u00e1rn\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nky vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed jedine\u010dn\u00fd proces, kter\u00fd vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 extr\u00e9mn\u011b vysok\u00fdch teplot k v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti. Slune\u010dn\u00ed sv\u011btlo se nejprve soust\u0159ed\u00ed na absorb\u00e9r-z\u00e1\u0159i\u010d, kter\u00fd obsahuje vrstvu pevn\u00fdch \u010dern\u00fdch uhl\u00edkov\u00fdch nanotrubic, kter\u00e9 pohlcuj\u00ed sv\u011btlo a p\u0159em\u011b\u0148uj\u00ed jej na teplo. Kdy\u017e teploty dos\u00e1hnou p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1 000 stup\u0148\u016f Celsia (srovnateln\u00e9 s vulkanickou l\u00e1vou), emituj\u00edc\u00ed vrstva vyroben\u00e1 z fotonick\u00e9ho krystalu uvol\u0148uje tuto energii jako sv\u011btlo, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee sol\u00e1rn\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nek vyu\u017e\u00edt.<\/p>\n\n<p>Aby se d\u00e1le zv\u00fd\u0161ila \u00fa\u010dinnost, pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se optick\u00fd filtr k selektivn\u00edmu odrazu nepou\u017eiteln\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic sv\u011btla. Tento proces, zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako &#8220;recyklace foton\u016f&#8221;, minimalizuje ztr\u00e1tu energie a v\u00fdrazn\u011b zvy\u0161uje v\u00fdkon \u010dl\u00e1nku. V\u00fdsledkem je, \u017ee hork\u00e9 sol\u00e1rn\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nky vykazuj\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost, kter\u00e1 je a\u017e dvojn\u00e1sobn\u00e1 ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s b\u011b\u017en\u00fdmi sol\u00e1rn\u00edmi panely.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0158e\u0161en\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edch omezen\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Na rozd\u00edl od standardn\u00edch sol\u00e1rn\u00edch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou prim\u00e1rn\u011b vyrobeny z k\u0159em\u00edku a zachycuj\u00ed pouze \u00fazk\u00e9 spektrum sv\u011btla, hork\u00e9 sol\u00e1rn\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nky p\u0159ekon\u00e1vaj\u00ed tato z\u00e1kladn\u00ed omezen\u00ed. Mohou vyu\u017e\u00edt \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed rozsah spektra slune\u010dn\u00edho sv\u011btla a maximalizovat tak sv\u00e9 schopnosti p\u0159em\u011bny energie. Tento pr\u016flom m\u00e1 potenci\u00e1l prolomit dlouhotrvaj\u00edc\u00ed Shockley-Queisserovu hranici, kter\u00e1 po desetilet\u00ed omezovala teoretickou \u00fa\u010dinnost sol\u00e1rn\u00edch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdhody a potenci\u00e1l<\/h2>\n\n<p>Hork\u00e9 sol\u00e1rn\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nky nab\u00edzej\u00ed oproti tradi\u010dn\u00edm sol\u00e1rn\u00edm panel\u016fm n\u011bkolik kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch v\u00fdhod:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost:<\/strong> Dvojn\u00e1sobn\u00e1 kapacita v\u00fdroby energie, co\u017e v\u00fdrazn\u011b sni\u017euje prostor pot\u0159ebn\u00fd pro v\u00fdrobu energie.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0160ir\u0161\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed spektra:<\/strong> Zachycen\u00ed \u0161ir\u0161\u00edho rozsahu slune\u010dn\u00edho sv\u011btla, zlep\u0161en\u00ed z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed energie i v n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Potenci\u00e1l pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed tepla:<\/strong> Budouc\u00ed v\u00fdvoj m\u00e1 za c\u00edl ukl\u00e1dat p\u0159ebyte\u010dn\u00e9 teplo pro pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed, co\u017e umo\u017en\u00ed v\u00fdrobu \u010dist\u00e9 energie i b\u011bhem zamra\u010den\u00fdch obdob\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdzvy a budouc\u00ed vyhl\u00eddky<\/h2>\n\n<p>Zat\u00edmco hork\u00e9 sol\u00e1rn\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nky maj\u00ed obrovsk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edslib, roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed t\u00e9to technologie pro komer\u010dn\u00ed aplikace p\u0159edstavuje ur\u010dit\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>N\u00e1klady na materi\u00e1l:<\/strong> Materi\u00e1ly pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v hork\u00fdch sol\u00e1rn\u00edch \u010dl\u00e1nc\u00edch jsou v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b drah\u00e9, co\u017e znemo\u017e\u0148uje ekonomicky uskute\u010dnitelnou v\u00fdrobu ve velk\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Slo\u017eitost v\u00fdroby:<\/strong> V\u00fdrobn\u00ed proces je slo\u017eit\u00fd a vy\u017eaduje specializovan\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed a odborn\u00e9 znalosti.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci aktivn\u011b \u0159e\u0161\u00ed tyto v\u00fdzvy a zkoumaj\u00ed inovativn\u00ed materi\u00e1ly a v\u00fdrobn\u00ed techniky, aby sn\u00ed\u017eili n\u00e1klady a zlep\u0161ili \u0161k\u00e1lovatelnost. S pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00edm v\u00fdvojem maj\u00ed hork\u00e9 sol\u00e1rn\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nky potenci\u00e1l\u9769\u65b0sol\u00e1rn\u00ed pr\u016fmysl a odemknout neb\u00fdvalou energetickou \u00fa\u010dinnost a cenovou dostupnost.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dopad na budoucnost sol\u00e1rn\u00ed energie<\/h2>\n\n<p>P\u0159\u00edchod hork\u00fdch sol\u00e1rn\u00edch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f p\u0159edstavuje z\u00e1sadn\u00ed okam\u017eik ve v\u00fdvoji sol\u00e1rn\u00ed energie. Jejich potenci\u00e1l dramaticky zv\u00fd\u0161it \u00fa\u010dinnost a sn\u00ed\u017eit n\u00e1klady by mohl u\u010dinit ze sol\u00e1rn\u00ed energie \u017eivotaschopn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a dostupn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zdroj energie po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. P\u0159ekon\u00e1n\u00edm omezen\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch sol\u00e1rn\u00edch panel\u016f maj\u00ed hork\u00e9 sol\u00e1rn\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nky moc transformovat budoucnost obnoviteln\u00e9 energie a p\u0159isp\u011bt k \u010dist\u0161\u00ed a udr\u017eiteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed planet\u011b.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hork\u00e9 sol\u00e1rn\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nky: Revolu\u010dn\u00ed skok v oblasti sol\u00e1rn\u00ed energie Vyu\u017eit\u00ed extr\u00e9mn\u00edho tepla pro bezkonkuren\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost Konven\u010dn\u00ed sol\u00e1rn\u00ed panely byly dlouho omezov\u00e1ny svou omezenou schopnost\u00ed p\u0159em\u011b\u0148ovat slune\u010dn\u00ed sv\u011btlo na elekt\u0159inu, typicky&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[121],"tags":[2161,2160,37,119,304],"class_list":["post-917","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-energy","tag-energy-efficiency","tag-hot-solar-cells","tag-innovation","tag-renewable-energy","tag-solar-energy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/917","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=917"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/917\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":918,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/917\/revisions\/918"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=917"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=917"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=917"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}