{"id":9529,"date":"2021-04-29T00:20:27","date_gmt":"2021-04-29T00:20:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=9529"},"modified":"2021-04-29T00:20:27","modified_gmt":"2021-04-29T00:20:27","slug":"baroque-architecture-definition-characteristics-history-examples","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/art\/architectural-history\/baroque-architecture-definition-characteristics-history-examples\/","title":{"rendered":"Barokn\u00ed architektura: Pr\u016fvodce jej\u00ed definic\u00ed, charakteristikou, histori\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edklady"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Barokn\u00ed architektura: Pr\u016fvodce jej\u00ed definic\u00ed, charakteristikou, histori\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edklady<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Definice barokn\u00ed architektury<\/h2>\n\n<p>Barokn\u00ed architektura je ok\u00e1zal\u00fd styl n\u00e1vrhu budov a um\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00fd se objevil v It\u00e1lii v 17. stolet\u00ed. Je charakterizov\u00e1n svou propracovanou v\u00fdzdobou, vzne\u0161enost\u00ed a dramatick\u00fdm vyu\u017eit\u00edm sv\u011btla a st\u00ednu. Budovy v barokn\u00edm stylu jsou \u010dasto zdobeny slo\u017eit\u00fdmi detaily, zak\u0159iven\u00fdmi zdmi a bohat\u00fdmi interi\u00e9ry.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 charakteristiky barokn\u00ed architektury<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Velk\u00e9 d\u00f3my nebo kopule:<\/strong> Kopule byly v\u00fdrazn\u00fdm rysem barokn\u00ed architektury, \u010dasto um\u00edst\u011bn\u00e9 ve st\u0159edu budov a osv\u011btlen\u00e9 okny, aby zv\u00fdraznily architektonick\u00e9 detaily.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Prop vypracovan\u00e9 motivy a dekorace:<\/strong> Barokn\u00ed budovy jsou zn\u00e1m\u00e9 sv\u00fdmi slo\u017eit\u00fdmi \u0159ezbami, sochami a obrazy. Tyto motivy \u010dasto zobrazuj\u00ed lidsk\u00e9, zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed a kv\u011btinov\u00e9 tvary kombinovan\u00e9 s ornamenty a girlandami.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zlacen\u00e9 sochy v interi\u00e9ru i exteri\u00e9ru:<\/strong> S\u00e1drov\u00e9 nebo mramorov\u00e9 sochy s kontrastn\u00edmi barvami a texturami byly pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny k vylep\u0161en\u00ed ok\u00e1zalosti barokn\u00edch interi\u00e9r\u016f a exteri\u00e9r\u016f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Poutav\u00e9 prvky:<\/strong> Barokn\u00ed architektura vykazuje \u0159adu poutav\u00fdch prvk\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b zak\u0159iven\u00fdch zd\u00ed, fresek, sloup\u016f, soch, oblouk\u016f, v\u00fdklenk\u016f, font\u00e1n a p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00fdch \u0161t\u00edt\u016f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mansardov\u00e1 st\u0159echa se dv\u011bma svahy:<\/strong> Tento typ st\u0159echy je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm prvkem francouzsk\u00e9 barokn\u00ed architektury, sest\u00e1v\u00e1 ze dvou svah\u016f a je \u010dasto za\u010dle\u0148ov\u00e1n do z\u00e1mk\u016f a venkovsk\u00fdch s\u00eddel.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kontrast mezi sv\u011btlem a tmou:<\/strong> Barokn\u00ed architekti vyu\u017e\u00edvali sv\u011btlo a st\u00edn k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed dramatick\u00fdch efekt\u016f. Tato technika, zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako chiaroscuro, byla tak\u00e9 pou\u017eita v barokn\u00ed malb\u011b um\u011blci jako Caravaggio, Rembrandt a Peter Paul Rubens.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Historie barokn\u00ed architektury<\/h2>\n\n<p>Barokn\u00ed architektura vznikla v reakci na protestantskou reformaci a touhu katolick\u00e9 c\u00edrkve p\u0159edv\u00e9st svou moc a bohatstv\u00ed. Byly postaveny velk\u00e9 kostely a katedr\u00e1ly, aby p\u0159il\u00e1kaly nov\u00e9 n\u00e1sledovn\u00edky a obnovily patron\u00e1t. Styl se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il po cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b a Ji\u017en\u00ed Americe a p\u0159izp\u016fsobil se r\u016fzn\u00fdm region\u00e1ln\u00edm preferenc\u00edm a dostupnosti materi\u00e1l\u016f. Barokn\u00ed architektura nakonec ustoupila neoklasicistn\u00edmu obdob\u00ed na konci 18. stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pozoruhodn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edklady barokn\u00ed architektury<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Kostel Santa Susanna v \u0158\u00edm\u011b, It\u00e1lie:<\/strong> P\u0159estav\u011bn v roce 1603, tento kostel je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem italsk\u00e9 barokn\u00ed architektury s propracovanou fas\u00e1dou a interi\u00e9rem.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Bazilika svat\u00e9ho Petra ve Vatik\u00e1nu, It\u00e1lie:<\/strong> Tato masivn\u00ed bazilika kombinuje prvky barokn\u00ed a renesan\u010dn\u00ed architektury s velkou kupol\u00ed a bohat\u00fdmi interi\u00e9ry.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Z\u00e1mek ve Versailles ve Francii:<\/strong> Rozs\u00e1hl\u00fd z\u00e1mek ve Versailles je zn\u00e1m\u00fd sv\u00fdmi bohat\u00fdmi barokn\u00edmi interi\u00e9ry se slo\u017eit\u00fdmi detaily v architektu\u0159e, um\u011bleck\u00fdch d\u00edlech a vybaven\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fd pal\u00e1c Caserta pobl\u00ed\u017e Neapole, It\u00e1lie:<\/strong> Tento obrovsk\u00fd pal\u00e1c je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b a nab\u00edz\u00ed barokn\u00ed zahrady a velkolep\u00fd interi\u00e9r s mansardovou st\u0159echou se dv\u011bma svahy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Odpov\u011bdi na b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky o barokn\u00ed architektu\u0159e<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Jak\u00fd je rozd\u00edl mezi barokn\u00ed a rokokovou architekturou?<\/strong> Rokoko je pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed styl, kter\u00fd vze\u0161el z baroka a vyzna\u010duje se svou leh\u010d\u00ed a hrav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzdobou.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Jak\u00fd je v\u00fdznam barokn\u00edch budov?<\/strong> Barokn\u00ed budovy, zejm\u00e9na kostely a pal\u00e1ce, byly \u010dasto symboly bohatstv\u00ed, moci a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 oddanosti.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Jak barokn\u00ed architektura ovlivnila sou\u010dasn\u00fd design?<\/strong> Prvky barokn\u00ed architektury, jako je propracovan\u00e1 v\u00fdzdoba a dramatick\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed sv\u011btla a st\u00ednu, nad\u00e1le inspiruj\u00ed modern\u00ed architekty a design\u00e9ry.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Barokn\u00ed architektura: Pr\u016fvodce jej\u00ed definic\u00ed, charakteristikou, histori\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edklady Definice barokn\u00ed architektury Barokn\u00ed architektura je ok\u00e1zal\u00fd styl n\u00e1vrhu budov a um\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00fd se objevil v It\u00e1lii v 17. stolet\u00ed. Je&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1854],"tags":[297,13835,104,12194,13836,6508,13837],"class_list":["post-9529","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-architectural-history","tag-architecture","tag-baroque-architecture","tag-art-history","tag-building-design","tag-ornamentation","tag-light-and-shadow","tag-grandeur"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9529","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9529"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9529\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9530,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9529\/revisions\/9530"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9529"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9529"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9529"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}