\u017dlut\u00e1 zimnice, smrteln\u00fd virus p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00fd kom\u00e1ry, su\u017eoval New Orleans v 19. stolet\u00ed. Byla to d\u011bsiv\u00e1 nemoc, kter\u00e1 zabila nespo\u010det lid\u00ed, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm b\u011bhem hork\u00fdch letn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f. Virus zp\u016fsoboval z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky, jako hore\u010dka, zimnice, bolesti sval\u016f a \u017eloutenka. V t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech ob\u011bti zvracely krev a selh\u00e1valy jim org\u00e1ny.<\/p>\n\n
\u017dlut\u00e1 zimnice m\u011bla hlubok\u00fd dopad na rasovou nerovnost v New Orleans. Tehdy se v\u0161eobecn\u011b v\u011b\u0159ilo, \u017ee \u010derno\u0161i jsou v\u016f\u010di nemoci imunn\u00ed, zat\u00edmco b\u011blo\u0161i jsou velmi n\u00e1chyln\u00ed. Tento m\u00fdtus byl pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n k ospravedln\u011bn\u00ed otroctv\u00ed, proto\u017ee majitel\u00e9 otrok\u016f tvrdili, \u017ee \u010derno\u0161i jsou ur\u010deni k pr\u00e1ci v nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch prost\u0159ed\u00edch, kde b\u011blo\u0161i nemohou p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt.<\/p>\n\n
Domn\u011bl\u00e1 imunita \u010dernoch\u016f v\u016f\u010di \u017elut\u00e9 zimnici vytvo\u0159ila syst\u00e9m \u201eimunokapitalismu\u201c. Tento syst\u00e9m umo\u017enil b\u011bloch\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed nemoc p\u0159e\u017eili, z\u00edskat soci\u00e1ln\u00ed, ekonomick\u00e9 a politick\u00e9 v\u00fdhody oproti \u010dernoch\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed byli pova\u017eov\u00e1ni za imunn\u00ed. B\u00edl\u00ed mohli svou imunitu vyu\u017e\u00edt jako kvalifikaci k z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed lep\u0161\u00edch pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst, bydlen\u00ed a zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de.<\/p>\n\n
Vzkv\u00e9taj\u00edc\u00ed bavln\u00edkov\u00e9 hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed New Orleans sehr\u00e1lo v\u00fdznamnou roli v \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed \u017elut\u00e9 zimnice. Poloha m\u011bsta na \u0159ece Mississippi z n\u011bj u\u010dinila d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd uzel obchodu s bavlnou. P\u0159\u00edliv pracovn\u00edk\u016f a otrok\u016f z cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta vytvo\u0159il l\u00edhe\u0148 pro kom\u00e1ry, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161eli nemoc.<\/p>\n\n
Navzdory zni\u010duj\u00edc\u00edm \u00fa\u010dink\u016fm \u017elut\u00e9 zimnice m\u011bl New Orleans slab\u00fd syst\u00e9m ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed. M\u011bstu chyb\u011bla \u0159\u00e1dn\u00e1 zdravotn\u00ed rada a hygienick\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed byla minim\u00e1ln\u00ed. Nebyla zavedena \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1 karant\u00e9nn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed, co\u017e umo\u017enilo nemoci \u0161\u00ed\u0159it se nekontrolovan\u011b.<\/p>\n\n
B\u011bhem vypuknut\u00ed \u017elut\u00e9 zimnice \u010dasto prob\u00edhala debata mezi zdravotnick\u00fdmi \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edky a podnikateli o tom, zda zav\u00e9st uzav\u00edrky, nebo udr\u017eet ekonomiku otev\u0159enou. Tato debata pokra\u010duje dodnes b\u011bhem epidemi\u00ed. V 19. stolet\u00ed v\u0161ak nedostatek \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed v oblasti ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed znamenal, \u017ee uz\u00e1v\u011bry byly \u010dasto ne\u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n
Pandemie \u017elut\u00e9 zimnice v New Orleans p\u0159ed ob\u010danskou v\u00e1lkou poskytuje d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 poznatky pro pochopen\u00ed vztahu mezi rasou, nemoc\u00ed a nerovnost\u00ed. Zd\u016fraz\u0148uje ni\u010div\u00e9 d\u016fsledky rasov\u00e9 diskriminace a v\u00fdznam siln\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Pandemie \u017elut\u00e9 zimnice v New Orleans vykazuje n\u00e1padn\u00e9 podobnosti s prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed pandemi\u00ed COVID-19. Ob\u011b nemoci ne\u00fam\u011brn\u011b postihly rasov\u00e9 men\u0161iny a ob\u011b odhalily slabiny syst\u00e9m\u016f ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed. Pou\u010den\u00ed z minulosti n\u00e1m mohou pomoci l\u00e9pe se p\u0159ipravit na budouc\u00ed pandemie a reagovat na n\u011b.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u017dlut\u00e1 zimnice a rasov\u00e1 nerovnost v New Orleans v 19. stolet\u00ed Zni\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed nemoc \u017dlut\u00e1 zimnice, smrteln\u00fd virus p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00fd kom\u00e1ry, su\u017eoval New Orleans v 19. stolet\u00ed. Byla to d\u011bsiv\u00e1 nemoc, kter\u00e1…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23983,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[463],"tags":[27,2259,2258,178,2257],"class_list":["post-966","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-health-and-medicine","tag-history","tag-immunocapitalism","tag-racial-inequality","tag-public-health","tag-yellow-fever"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/966","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=966"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/966\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":967,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/966\/revisions\/967"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23983"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=966"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=966"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=966"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}