Vir\u00e1ln\u00ed video chobotnice jm\u00e9nem Heidi, kter\u00e1 sp\u00ed s chapadly p\u0159is\u00e1t\u00fdmi ke sklen\u011bn\u00fdm st\u011bn\u00e1m akv\u00e1ria, vzbudilo fascinaci a debaty. Zat\u00edmco se Heidiina poko\u017eka m\u011bn\u00ed z hladk\u00e9 na k\u0159upavou \u017elutou a blik\u00e1 ka\u0161tanov\u011b, mo\u0159sk\u00fd biolog David Scheel spekuluje, \u017ee ve sv\u00e9 mysli lov\u00ed kraby.<\/p>\n\n
Navzdory p\u016fsobiv\u00fdm z\u00e1b\u011br\u016fm odborn\u00edci zpochyb\u0148uj\u00ed, zda chobotnice skute\u010dn\u011b sn\u00ed jako lid\u00e9. “T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 u \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9ho zv\u00ed\u0159ete nen\u00ed prok\u00e1z\u00e1no, \u017ee sn\u00ed, proto\u017ee s nimi nem\u016f\u017eete mluvit a komunikovat,” \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Roger Hanlon z Marine Biological Laboratory. Hlavono\u017eci, v\u010detn\u011b chobotnic, maj\u00ed odli\u0161n\u00e9 struktury mozku ne\u017e lid\u00e9, s distribuovan\u00fdm nervov\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje jejich chapadl\u016fm \u010dinit rozhodnut\u00ed bez z\u00e1sahu mozku.<\/p>\n\n
Pozoruhodn\u00e1 schopnost chobotnic m\u011bnit barvu a texturu je zp\u016fsobena chromatofory, elastick\u00fdmi bu\u0148kami s pigmentem, kter\u00e9 se smr\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed a roz\u0161i\u0159uj\u00ed. Tyto barevn\u00e9 posuny jsou prim\u00e1rn\u011b \u0159\u00edzeny mozkem, ale mohou b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 podv\u011bdom\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n
Chobotnice se b\u011bhem sp\u00e1nku \u010dasto schov\u00e1vaj\u00ed pod kameny nebo v doupatech, co\u017e zt\u011b\u017euje pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed jejich chov\u00e1n\u00ed. V\u011bdci v\u0161ak z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed poznatky o jejich sp\u00e1nkov\u00fdch vzorc\u00edch prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm studi\u00ed s\u00e9pi\u00ed, bl\u00edzk\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdch chobotnic. Bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee s\u00e9pie vykazuj\u00ed sp\u00e1nkov\u00e9 vzorce podobn\u00e9 REM, b\u011bhem kter\u00fdch blik\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1stmi typick\u00fdch denn\u00edch barevn\u00fdch vzor\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
Aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 ur\u010dit, zda chobotnice za\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed cykly podobn\u00e9 REM jako lid\u00e9, mo\u017en\u00e1 budou muset v\u011bdci implantovat elektrody do jejich mozk\u016f. To je v\u0161ak n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd \u00fakol kv\u016fli schopnosti chobotnic odstra\u0148ovat ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed p\u0159edm\u011bty sv\u00fdmi chapadly.<\/p>\n\n
P\u0159i interpretaci chov\u00e1n\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159at je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed definovat terminologii. “Mus\u00edme b\u00fdt opatrn\u00ed, abychom nevkl\u00e1dali do v\u011bc\u00ed vlastn\u00ed perspektivu,” \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Michael Vecchione ze Smithsonianova n\u00e1rodn\u00edho muzea p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed historie. Porovn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed lidsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1\u017eitku sn\u011bn\u00ed se z\u00e1\u017eitkem chobotnice m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt problematick\u00e9 kv\u016fli jejich velmi odli\u0161n\u00e9 neurologii.<\/p>\n\n
I kdy\u017e ot\u00e1zka, zda chobotnice sn\u00ed, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nezodpov\u011bzena, v\u00fdzkum jejich sp\u00e1nku a kognitivn\u00edch funkc\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee poskytnout cenn\u00e9 poznatky. Pochopen\u00edm jedine\u010dn\u00fdch zp\u016fsob\u016f, jak\u00fdmi hlavono\u017eci sp\u00ed, mohou v\u011bdci z\u00edskat hlub\u0161\u00ed porozum\u011bn\u00ed povahy v\u011bdom\u00ed a samotn\u00e9 evoluce sp\u00e1nku.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Sn\u011bn\u00ed chobotnic: Odhalov\u00e1n\u00ed tajemstv\u00ed sp\u00e1nku hlavono\u017ec\u016f Heidiin sp\u00e1nek m\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed barvy Vir\u00e1ln\u00ed video chobotnice jm\u00e9nem Heidi, kter\u00e1 sp\u00ed s chapadly p\u0159is\u00e1t\u00fdmi ke sklen\u011bn\u00fdm st\u011bn\u00e1m akv\u00e1ria, vzbudilo fascinaci a debaty. Zat\u00edmco se…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[280],"tags":[2317,309,2320,2318,361,2173,2321,2319,888],"class_list":["post-994","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-zoology","tag-octopus","tag-animal-behavior","tag-chromatophores","tag-cephalopod","tag-marine-biology","tag-neurology","tag-rem-sleep","tag-dreaming","tag-sleep"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/994","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=994"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/994\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":995,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/994\/revisions\/995"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=994"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=994"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=994"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}