{"id":4226,"date":"2023-06-03T04:06:19","date_gmt":"2023-06-03T04:06:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/el\/?p=4226"},"modified":"2023-06-03T04:06:19","modified_gmt":"2023-06-03T04:06:19","slug":"vision-enhancement-technologies-across-the-centuries","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/el\/science\/vision-science\/vision-enhancement-technologies-across-the-centuries\/","title":{"rendered":"\u03a4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u0395\u03bd\u03af\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u038c\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2: \u039a\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u039c\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u0391\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u03a4\u03bf\u03bd 18\u03bf \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b9\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c8\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03cd\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b3\u03c5\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03c3\u03bd\u03ad, \u03b3\u03c5\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03c3\u03af\u03bc\u03c0\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03ad\u03c6\u03c5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2, \u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 19\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1. \u03a4\u03bf 1913, \u03bf \u03a3\u03b5\u03c1 \u039f\u03c5\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc \u039a\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03ba\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b5 \u03c6\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf \u03c6\u03c9\u03c2, \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b3\u03c5\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03b7\u03bb\u03af\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n\n

\u0391\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03a8\u03c5\u03c7\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03af\u03b1<\/h2>\n\n

\u0397 \u03bc\u03ac\u03c3\u03ba\u03b1 Telesphere \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Morton Heilig (1960) \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03b1\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 3D, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ae\u03c7\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd. \u039f \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 Sensorama (1962) \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03c5\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03cc\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Hugo Gernsback (1963) \u03bb\u03ac\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b8\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf.<\/p>\n\n

\u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae 3D<\/h2>\n\n

\u03a4\u03bf Sword of Damocles \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Ivan Sutherland (1965) \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b3\u03ba\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5 \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 3D \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03bc\u03c6\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c7\u03ad\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae.<\/p>\n\n

\u0399\u03b4\u03b9\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u039c\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u0395\u03c0\u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03a0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1<\/h2>\n\n

\u03a4\u03bf Private Eye \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 Reflection Technology (1989) \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b3\u03c5\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf. \u03a7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf KARMA, \u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c0\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03c0\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ce\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n

\u0397 \u0395\u03bd\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03a0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Steve Mann<\/h2>\n\n

\u039f Steve Mann \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03cd\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1970. \u03a4\u03bf EyeTap \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03c7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03c8\u03ae, \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03ae \u03bf\u03b8\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc.<\/p>\n\n

\u039a\u03cd\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u039c\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1-\u039a\u03cd\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9<\/h2>\n\n

\u039f Neil Harbisson, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 cyborg \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2, \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf\u03c6\u03b8\u03b1\u03bb\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bf\u03c6\u03b8\u03b1\u03bb\u03bc\u03cc \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 “\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9” \u03c7\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ae\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5. \u0392\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03c1\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03c7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1 \u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7\u03c7\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u03a4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u0395\u03bd\u03af\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u038c\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2: \u039a\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u039c\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u0391\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u0391\u03c1\u03c7\u03b1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u039f\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u039a\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u0397 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b4\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ce\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2. \u039f \u03c6\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 Nimrud,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7738],"tags":[7737,97,27,37,5651,9,497],"class_list":["post-4226","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-vision-science","tag-vision-enhancement","tag-science","tag-history","tag-innovation","tag-optics","tag-art","tag-technology"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4226","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4226"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4226\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4227,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4226\/revisions\/4227"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4226"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4226"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4226"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}