{"id":11793,"date":"2021-01-03T06:40:03","date_gmt":"2021-01-03T06:40:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=11793"},"modified":"2021-01-03T06:40:03","modified_gmt":"2021-01-03T06:40:03","slug":"volcanic-eruptions-identifying-populations-at-risk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/science\/earth-science\/volcanic-eruptions-identifying-populations-at-risk\/","title":{"rendered":"Vulk\u00e1ni kit\u00f6r\u00e9sek: A vesz\u00e9lyeztetett n\u00e9pess\u00e9g azonos\u00edt\u00e1sa"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vulk\u00e1ni kit\u00f6r\u00e9sek: Kock\u00e1zati csoportok azonos\u00edt\u00e1sa<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Glob\u00e1lis vulk\u00e1ni kock\u00e1zatbecsl\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n<p>Az Egyes\u00fclt Nemzetek Szervezet\u00e9nek egy friss jelent\u00e9se \u00e9rt\u00e9kes betekint\u00e9st ny\u00fajt a vulk\u00e1ni kock\u00e1zatok glob\u00e1lis eloszl\u00e1s\u00e1r\u00f3l. A jelent\u00e9s az orsz\u00e1gokat a vulk\u00e1ni kit\u00f6r\u00e9sekkel szembeni sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9g\u00fck alapj\u00e1n rangsorolja, figyelembe v\u00e9ve olyan t\u00e9nyez\u0151ket, mint a kit\u00f6r\u00e9sek gyakoris\u00e1ga, a vesz\u00e9lyek s\u00falyoss\u00e1ga \u00e9s a vulkanikus robban\u00e1si \u00f6vezetekben \u00e9l\u0151k n\u00e9ps\u0171r\u0171s\u00e9ge.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A legnagyobb kock\u00e1zat\u00fa orsz\u00e1gok<\/h3>\n\n<p>Indon\u00e9zia \u00e1ll a vulk\u00e1ni tev\u00e9kenys\u00e9g \u00e1ltal legink\u00e1bb vesz\u00e9lyeztetett orsz\u00e1gok list\u00e1j\u00e1nak \u00e9l\u00e9n. M\u00e1s nagy kock\u00e1zat\u00fa orsz\u00e1gok k\u00f6z\u00e9 tartozik a F\u00fcl\u00f6p-szigetek, Jap\u00e1n, Mexik\u00f3, Eti\u00f3pia, Guatemala, Ecuador, Olaszorsz\u00e1g, Salvador \u00e9s Kenya. Ezeket az orsz\u00e1gokat jelent\u0151s kock\u00e1zatok \u00e9rik a vulk\u00e1ni kit\u00f6r\u00e9sekb\u0151l, bele\u00e9rtve a m\u00e9rgez\u0151 g\u00e1zfelh\u0151ket, az iszap\u00e1rad\u00e1sokat \u00e9s a cunamikat.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vulk\u00e1ni hat\u00e1sok<\/h3>\n\n<p>A vulk\u00e1ni kit\u00f6r\u00e9sek puszt\u00edt\u00f3 k\u00f6vetkezm\u00e9nyekkel j\u00e1rhatnak. 1600 \u00f3ta k\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl 278 000 ember vesztette \u00e9let\u00e9t vulk\u00e1ni tev\u00e9kenys\u00e9g miatt. A k\u00f6zvetett okok, mint p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a kl\u00edmav\u00e1ltoz\u00e1s \u00e9s a fizikai pusztul\u00e1s miatti betegs\u00e9gek \u00e9s \u00e9h\u00edns\u00e9gek, ezeknek a hal\u00e1loz\u00e1soknak a 24%-\u00e1t teszik ki.<\/p>\n\n<p>Indon\u00e9zia Tambora vulk\u00e1nj\u00e1nak 1815-\u00f6s kit\u00f6r\u00e9se a vulk\u00e1ni kit\u00f6r\u00e9sek katasztrof\u00e1lis hat\u00e1sainak kiemelked\u0151 p\u00e9ld\u00e1ja. Ez a hatalmas kit\u00f6r\u00e9s k\u00f6zvetlen\u00fcl 70 000 embert \u00f6lt meg, \u00e9s &#8220;ny\u00e1r n\u00e9lk\u00fcli \u00e9vet&#8221; okozott az \u00e9szaki f\u00e9ltek\u00e9n, ami sz\u00e9les k\u00f6r\u0171 term\u00e9skies\u00e9shez \u00e9s \u00e9h\u00edns\u00e9ghez vezetett, tov\u00e1bbi t\u00f6bb ezer hal\u00e1lesetet okozva.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vulk\u00e1ni vesz\u00e9lyek<\/h3>\n\n<p>A piroklasztikus \u00e1raml\u00e1sok \u00e9s a lah\u00e1rok j\u00f3l ismert vesz\u00e9lyei mellett a vulk\u00e1ni kit\u00f6r\u00e9sek m\u00e1s lehets\u00e9ges kock\u00e1zatot is jelentenek:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>L\u00e9gi k\u00f6zleked\u00e9s zavarai:<\/strong> A vulk\u00e1ni hamu felh\u0151k megzavarhatj\u00e1k a l\u00e9gi k\u00f6zleked\u00e9st, j\u00e1ratt\u00f6rl\u00e9sekhez \u00e9s k\u00e9s\u00e9sekhez vezethetnek.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Evaku\u00e1l\u00e1si kih\u00edv\u00e1sok:<\/strong> A vulk\u00e1ni kit\u00f6r\u00e9sek kev\u00e9s el\u0151rejelz\u00e9ssel t\u00f6rt\u00e9nhetnek, ami az evaku\u00e1l\u00e1st megnehez\u00edti, s\u0151t vesz\u00e9lyess\u00e9 teheti.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ismeretlen vesz\u00e9lyek:<\/strong> A megfigyel\u00e9s n\u00e9lk\u00fcli vulk\u00e1nok ismeretlen vesz\u00e9lyeket rejthetnek, amelyek jelent\u0151s kock\u00e1zatot jelenthetnek a lakoss\u00e1gra.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vulk\u00e1ni kock\u00e1zat\u00e9rt\u00e9kel\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n<p>A vulk\u00e1ni kock\u00e1zat\u00e9rt\u00e9kel\u00e9s mag\u00e1ban foglalja a vulk\u00e1ni kit\u00f6r\u00e9sekkel kapcsolatos lehets\u00e9ges vesz\u00e9lyek azonos\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t \u00e9s \u00e9rt\u00e9kel\u00e9s\u00e9t. Ez a folyamat olyan t\u00e9nyez\u0151ket vesz figyelembe, mint:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Vulk\u00e1ni kit\u00f6r\u00e9sek el\u0151zm\u00e9nyei<\/li>\n<li>A n\u00e9pess\u00e9g s\u0171r\u0171s\u00e9ge a vulk\u00e1ni robban\u00e1si \u00f6vezetekben<\/li>\n<li>Vesz\u00e9lyeztetett infrastrukt\u00fara \u00e9s kritikus l\u00e9tes\u00edtm\u00e9nyek<\/li>\n<li>S\u00fcrg\u0151ss\u00e9gi reag\u00e1l\u00e1si k\u00e9pess\u00e9gek<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vulk\u00e1ni felk\u00e9sz\u00fcl\u00e9s \u00e9s enyh\u00edt\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n<p>A vulk\u00e1ni kit\u00f6r\u00e9sek hat\u00e1sainak cs\u00f6kkent\u00e9se \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben hat\u00e9kony vulk\u00e1ni felk\u00e9sz\u00fcl\u00e9si \u00e9s enyh\u00edt\u00e9si strat\u00e9gi\u00e1kra van sz\u00fcks\u00e9g. Ezek a strat\u00e9gi\u00e1k a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151ket tartalmazz\u00e1k:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Vulk\u00e1ni monitoroz\u00e1s:<\/strong> A vulk\u00e1ni tev\u00e9kenys\u00e9g nyomon k\u00f6vet\u00e9se lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a tud\u00f3sok sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra, hogy nyomon k\u00f6vess\u00e9k a vulk\u00e1ni viselked\u00e9s v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sait, \u00e9s korai figyelmeztet\u00e9st adjanak a lehets\u00e9ges kit\u00f6r\u00e9sekre.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Evaku\u00e1l\u00e1si tervek:<\/strong> Az evaku\u00e1l\u00e1si tervek kidolgoz\u00e1sa \u00e9s v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1sa seg\u00edt a k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9geknek felk\u00e9sz\u00fclni \u00e9s reag\u00e1lni a vulk\u00e1ni kit\u00f6r\u00e9sekre.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Katasztr\u00f3fav\u00e9delem:<\/strong> A katasztr\u00f3fav\u00e9delmi tervek l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1sa biztos\u00edtja a koordin\u00e1lt \u00e9s hat\u00e9kony reag\u00e1l\u00e1si er\u0151fesz\u00edt\u00e9seket a vulk\u00e1ni kit\u00f6r\u00e9sek alatt \u00e9s ut\u00e1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vulk\u00e1ni kit\u00f6r\u00e9sek \u00e9s szigetorsz\u00e1gok<\/h3>\n\n<p>A vulk\u00e1ni kit\u00f6r\u00e9sek k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen nagy vesz\u00e9lyt jelentenek a szigetorsz\u00e1gokra. A jelent\u00e9s Montserratot, Saint Vincent \u00e9s a Grenadineket, Nyugat-Indi\u00e1t, Dominic\u00e1t, az Azori-szigeteket, Saint Luci\u00e1t, az Atlanti-\u00f3ce\u00e1ni Egyes\u00fclt Kir\u00e1lys\u00e1g-szigeteket, El Salvadort \u00e9s Costa Ric\u00e1t azonos\u00edtotta a legvesz\u00e9lyeztetettebb szigetorsz\u00e1gok k\u00f6z\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n<p>P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul Costa Rica Turrialba vulk\u00e1nj\u00e1t egy gyorsf\u0151z\u0151h\u00f6z hasonl\u00edtott\u00e1k, mivel a l\u00e1vaszint emelkedik, ami jelent\u0151s kock\u00e1zatot jelent a k\u00f6zeli k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9gekre.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">K\u00f6vetkeztet\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n<p>A vulk\u00e1ni kit\u00f6r\u00e9sek term\u00e9szetes vesz\u00e9lyek, amelyek puszt\u00edt\u00f3 hat\u00e1ssal lehetnek a vil\u00e1g n\u00e9pess\u00e9g\u00e9re. A kock\u00e1zatok meg\u00e9rt\u00e9s\u00e9vel \u00e9s hat\u00e9kony felk\u00e9sz\u00fcl\u00e9si \u00e9s enyh\u00edt\u00e9si strat\u00e9gi\u00e1k alkalmaz\u00e1s\u00e1val cs\u00f6kkenthetj\u00fck a k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9gek sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9t a vulk\u00e1ni kit\u00f6r\u00e9sekkel szemben.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Vulk\u00e1ni kit\u00f6r\u00e9sek: Kock\u00e1zati csoportok azonos\u00edt\u00e1sa Glob\u00e1lis vulk\u00e1ni kock\u00e1zatbecsl\u00e9s Az Egyes\u00fclt Nemzetek Szervezet\u00e9nek egy friss jelent\u00e9se \u00e9rt\u00e9kes betekint\u00e9st ny\u00fajt a vulk\u00e1ni kock\u00e1zatok glob\u00e1lis eloszl\u00e1s\u00e1r\u00f3l. A jelent\u00e9s az orsz\u00e1gokat a vulk\u00e1ni kit\u00f6r\u00e9sekkel&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[212],"tags":[15946,15944,15943,15945,7435],"class_list":["post-11793","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-earth-science","tag-volcanic-mitigation","tag-volcanic-risk-assessment","tag-volcanic-hazards","tag-volcanic-preparedness","tag-volcanic-eruptions"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11793","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11793"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11793\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11794,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11793\/revisions\/11794"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11793"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11793"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11793"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}