{"id":12823,"date":"2024-07-11T08:40:48","date_gmt":"2024-07-11T08:40:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=12823"},"modified":"2024-07-11T08:40:48","modified_gmt":"2024-07-11T08:40:48","slug":"black-tom-explosion-german-sabotage-new-york-harbor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/uncategorized\/black-tom-explosion-german-sabotage-new-york-harbor\/","title":{"rendered":"Black Tom-robban\u00e1s: n\u00e9met szabot\u00e1zs New York kik\u00f6t\u0151j\u00e9ben"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Black Tom-robban\u00e1s: n\u00e9met szabot\u00e1zs New York kik\u00f6t\u0151j\u00e9ben<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A robban\u00e1s<\/h2>\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"1916\">\n<li>j\u00falius 30-\u00e1n hatalmas robban\u00e1s r\u00e1zta meg a New York-i kik\u00f6t\u0151ben l\u00e9v\u0151 Black Tom-szigetet. A deton\u00e1ci\u00f3, amely a Richter-sk\u00e1l\u00e1n m\u00e9rt 5,5-\u00f6s er\u0151ss\u00e9g\u0171 f\u00f6ldreng\u00e9snek felelt meg, a szigeten t\u00e1rolt t\u00f6bb ezer tonnyi l\u0151szer felrobban\u00e1sa okozta. A robban\u00e1st\u00f3l bet\u00f6rtek az ablakok, a t\u00f6rmel\u00e9k kilom\u00e9terekre rep\u00fclt, \u00e9s sz\u00e9les k\u00f6rben p\u00e1nik t\u00f6rt ki.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A nyomoz\u00e1s<\/h2>\n\n<p>A nyomoz\u00f3k eleinte \u00fagy gondolt\u00e1k, hogy a robban\u00e1st baleset vagy hanyags\u00e1g okozta. Azonban a tov\u00e1bbi nyomoz\u00e1s felt\u00e1rta, hogy sz\u00e1nd\u00e9kos szabot\u00e1zs volt, amelyet n\u00e9met \u00fcgyn\u00f6k\u00f6k hajtottak v\u00e9gre. N\u00e9metorsz\u00e1g abban az id\u0151ben az Egyes\u00fclt \u00c1llamokkal h\u00e1bor\u00fazott, \u00e9s a Black Tom-robban\u00e1s az amerikai hadi er\u0151fesz\u00edt\u00e9seket megzavar\u00f3 ipari szabot\u00e1zsak sorozat\u00e1nak r\u00e9sze volt.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A szabot\u0151r\u00f6k<\/h2>\n\n<p>A Black Tom-robban\u00e1s kitervel\u0151je Franz von Rintelen volt, egy tapasztalt n\u00e9met k\u00e9m. Rintelen egy szabot\u0151rcsoportot toborzott, k\u00f6zt\u00fck Michael Kristoffot, egy New Jerseyben \u00e9l\u0151 szlov\u00e1k bev\u00e1ndorl\u00f3t. Kristoff \u00e9s t\u00e1rsai besziv\u00e1rogtak a Black Tom l\u0151szerrakt\u00e1rba, \u00e9s gy\u00fajt\u00f3berendez\u00e9seket helyeztek el, amelyek okozt\u00e1k a robban\u00e1st.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A hat\u00e1s<\/h2>\n\n<p>A Black Tom-robban\u00e1s az amerikai t\u00f6rt\u00e9nelem legnagyobb ipari szabot\u00e1zsa volt. T\u00f6bb mint 20 milli\u00f3 doll\u00e1ros k\u00e1rt okozott, \u00e9s t\u00f6bb ember hal\u00e1l\u00e1t okozta. A robban\u00e1snak jelent\u0151s hat\u00e1sa volt az Egyes\u00fclt \u00c1llamok hadi er\u0151fesz\u00edt\u00e9seire is, mivel megzavarta a Nagy-Britanni\u00e1ba \u00e9s Franciaorsz\u00e1gba ir\u00e1nyul\u00f3 l\u0151szerut\u00e1np\u00f3tl\u00e1st.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A k\u00f6vetkezm\u00e9nyek<\/h2>\n\n<p>A robban\u00e1s ut\u00e1n az Egyes\u00fclt \u00c1llamok korm\u00e1nya nagyszab\u00e1s\u00fa nyomoz\u00e1st ind\u00edtott. A n\u00e9met szabot\u00e1zs \u00e1ltal \u00e9rintett v\u00e1llalatok \u00e9s korm\u00e1nyok k\u00e1rt\u00e9r\u00edt\u00e9si ig\u00e9nyeinek kezel\u00e9s\u00e9re l\u00e9trehozt\u00e1k a Vegyes K\u00f6vetel\u00e9sek Bizotts\u00e1g\u00e1t. A bizotts\u00e1g 50 milli\u00f3 doll\u00e1rt \u00edt\u00e9lt meg a Black Tom-robban\u00e1s felpereseinek, ami a h\u00e1bor\u00fa legnagyobb k\u00e1rt\u00e9r\u00edt\u00e9si ig\u00e9nye volt.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Az \u00f6r\u00f6ks\u00e9g<\/h2>\n\n<p>A Black Tom-robban\u00e1s jelent\u0151s esem\u00e9ny marad az amerikai t\u00f6rt\u00e9nelemben. Ez volt az els\u0151 nagyobb terrort\u00e1mad\u00e1s az Egyes\u00fclt \u00c1llamokban, amelyet k\u00fclf\u00f6ldi hatalom hajtott v\u00e9gre. A robban\u00e1s r\u00e1vil\u00e1g\u00edtott az ipari biztons\u00e1g fontoss\u00e1g\u00e1ra \u00e9s a szabot\u00e1zsakra val\u00f3 felk\u00e9sz\u00fclts\u00e9g sz\u00fcks\u00e9gess\u00e9g\u00e9re is.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tov\u00e1bbi inform\u00e1ci\u00f3k<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A Black Tom-robban\u00e1sra egy eml\u00e9kt\u00e1bla eml\u00e9kezik a Liberty State Parkban.<\/li>\n<li>A robban\u00e1s Chad Millman &#8220;The Detonators: The Secret Plot to Destroy America and an Epic Hunt for Justice&#8221; (&#8220;A deton\u00e1torok: A titkos terv Amerika elpuszt\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra \u00e9s az igazs\u00e1gszolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1s epikus hajsz\u00e1ja&#8221;) c\u00edm\u0171 k\u00f6nyv\u00e9nek t\u00e9m\u00e1ja volt.<\/li>\n<li>A K\u00f6zponti H\u00edrszerz\u0151 \u00dcgyn\u00f6ks\u00e9g egy online cikket tart fenn a Black Tom-robban\u00e1sr\u00f3l, amelynek c\u00edme: &#8220;A cs\u00e1sz\u00e1r puszt\u00edt\u00e1st vet: Els\u0151 alkalommal v\u00e9dj\u00fck a haz\u00e1t&#8221;.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Black Tom-robban\u00e1s: n\u00e9met szabot\u00e1zs New York kik\u00f6t\u0151j\u00e9ben A robban\u00e1s j\u00falius 30-\u00e1n hatalmas robban\u00e1s r\u00e1zta meg a New York-i kik\u00f6t\u0151ben l\u00e9v\u0151 Black Tom-szigetet. A deton\u00e1ci\u00f3, amely a Richter-sk\u00e1l\u00e1n m\u00e9rt 5,5-\u00f6s er\u0151ss\u00e9g\u0171&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23849,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[17325,3950,17328,769,17326,17327,1315],"class_list":["post-12823","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-black-tom-explosion","tag-world-war-i","tag-industrial-sabotage","tag-espionage","tag-german-sabotage","tag-new-york-harbor","tag-terrorism"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12823","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12823"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12823\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12824,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12823\/revisions\/12824"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23849"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12823"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12823"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12823"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}