{"id":15089,"date":"2024-11-02T00:34:55","date_gmt":"2024-11-02T00:34:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=15089"},"modified":"2024-11-02T00:34:55","modified_gmt":"2024-11-02T00:34:55","slug":"origins-and-evolution-of-geographic-information-systems-gis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/science\/earth-science\/origins-and-evolution-of-geographic-information-systems-gis\/","title":{"rendered":"A f\u00f6ldrajzi inform\u00e1ci\u00f3s rendszerek (GIS) eredete \u00e9s fejl\u0151d\u00e9se"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A f\u00f6ldrajzi inform\u00e1ci\u00f3s rendszerek (GIS) eredete \u00e9s fejl\u0151d\u00e9se<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Korai kih\u00edv\u00e1sok \u00e9s a GIS sz\u00fclet\u00e9se<\/h2>\n\n<p>A GIS t\u00f6rt\u00e9nete a hagyom\u00e1nyos t\u00e9rk\u00e9pek korl\u00e1taihoz vezethet\u0151 vissza. A t\u00e9rk\u00e9pek a vil\u00e1g k\u00e9tdimenzi\u00f3s \u00e1br\u00e1zol\u00e1sai, de a val\u00f3 vil\u00e1g j\u00f3val \u00f6sszetettebb. Az 1800-as \u00e9vekben John Snow nev\u0171 londoni orvos szembes\u00fclt ezzel a kih\u00edv\u00e1ssal, amikor egy kolera kit\u00f6r\u00e9st vizsg\u00e1lt. A koler\u00e1ban elhunytak helysz\u00edneinek t\u00e9rk\u00e9pez\u00e9s\u00e9vel Snow r\u00e1j\u00f6tt, hogy a betegs\u00e9g a Broad Streeten tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 egy szennyezett v\u00edzpumpa miatt alakult ki.<\/p>\n\n<p>Ez a felismer\u00e9s r\u00e1vil\u00e1g\u00edtott a f\u00f6ldrajzi inform\u00e1ci\u00f3k jelent\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9re a val\u00f3 vil\u00e1g jelens\u00e9geinek meg\u00e9rt\u00e9s\u00e9ben. Azonban az adatok hatalmas mennyis\u00e9ge, valamint a t\u00f6bb t\u00e9rk\u00e9p egym\u00e1sra helyez\u00e9s\u00e9nek neh\u00e9zs\u00e9ge megnehez\u00edtette ennek az inform\u00e1ci\u00f3nak a teljes k\u00f6r\u0171 kiakn\u00e1z\u00e1s\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n<p>Az 1960-as \u00e9vekben Roger Tomlinson kanadai geogr\u00e1fus v\u00e1llalkozott ennek a probl\u00e9m\u00e1nak a megold\u00e1s\u00e1ra. Feladata az volt, hogy megtal\u00e1lja a Keny\u00e1ban tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 \u00fcltetv\u00e9nyek sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra a megfelel\u0151 helysz\u00edneket, de az \u00e1ltala figyelembe veend\u0151 hatalmas mennyis\u00e9g\u0171 adat lehetetlenn\u00e9 tette a k\u00e9zi elemz\u00e9st.<\/p>\n\n<p>Tomlinson r\u00e1j\u00f6tt, hogy a sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00f3g\u00e9pek felhaszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3k a t\u00e9rk\u00e9pter\u00fcletek digit\u00e1lis adatpontokk\u00e1 alak\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra. A f\u00f6ldrajzi inform\u00e1ci\u00f3s rendszer (GIS) koncepci\u00f3j\u00e1nak megalkot\u00e1s\u00e1val Tomlinson lehet\u0151v\u00e9 tette t\u00f6bb adatr\u00e9teg integr\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1t, \u00edgy a felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3k elemezhett\u00e9k a t\u00e9rbeli viszonyokat, \u00e9s felismerhett\u00e9k a mint\u00e1zatokat.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Technol\u00f3giai fejl\u0151d\u00e9s \u00e9s a GIS n\u00f6veked\u00e9se<\/h2>\n\n<p>A GIS fejl\u0151d\u00e9s\u00e9t a sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00e1stechnikai technol\u00f3gia fejl\u0151d\u00e9se t\u00e1pl\u00e1lta. Az 1970-es \u00e9vekben az IBM kulcsszerepet j\u00e1tszott a GIS szoftverek fejleszt\u00e9s\u00e9ben, m\u00edg Howard Fisher Harvardon egy t\u00e9rk\u00e9padatok szintetiz\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1ra szolg\u00e1l\u00f3 programot hozott l\u00e9tre.<\/p>\n\n<p>Az adatb\u00e1zis-koncepci\u00f3 bevezet\u00e9se tov\u00e1bb forradalmas\u00edtotta a GIS-t. Az adatb\u00e1zisok lehet\u0151v\u00e9 tett\u00e9k, hogy hatalmas mennyis\u00e9g\u0171 f\u00f6ldrajzi adatot hat\u00e9konyan t\u00e1roljanak \u00e9s nyerjenek ki, \u00edgy k\u00f6nnyebb\u00e9 v\u00e1lt a GIS-t\u00e9rk\u00e9pek l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1sa \u00e9s friss\u00edt\u00e9se.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A GIS alkalmaz\u00e1sai<\/h2>\n\n<p>A GIS n\u00e9lk\u00fcl\u00f6zhetetlen eszk\u00f6zz\u00e9 v\u00e1lt sz\u00e1mos ter\u00fcleten, t\u00f6bbek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Term\u00e9szeti er\u0151forr\u00e1sok kezel\u00e9se:<\/strong> A GIS-t az erd\u00e9szeti er\u0151forr\u00e1sok felt\u00e9rk\u00e9pez\u00e9s\u00e9re \u00e9s elemz\u00e9s\u00e9re, a vad\u00e1llom\u00e1ny nyomon k\u00f6vet\u00e9s\u00e9re \u00e9s a k\u00f6rnyezeti hat\u00e1sok felm\u00e9r\u00e9s\u00e9re haszn\u00e1lj\u00e1k.<\/li>\n<li><strong>V\u00e1rostervez\u00e9s:<\/strong> A GIS seg\u00edti a tervez\u0151ket a f\u00f6ldhaszn\u00e1lat mint\u00e1inak, a k\u00f6zleked\u00e9si h\u00e1l\u00f3zatoknak \u00e9s a n\u00e9pess\u00e9geloszl\u00e1snak a vizualiz\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1ban \u00e9s elemz\u00e9s\u00e9ben.<\/li>\n<li>**K\u00f6z\u00e9<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A f\u00f6ldrajzi inform\u00e1ci\u00f3s rendszerek (GIS) eredete \u00e9s fejl\u0151d\u00e9se Korai kih\u00edv\u00e1sok \u00e9s a GIS sz\u00fclet\u00e9se A GIS t\u00f6rt\u00e9nete a hagyom\u00e1nyos t\u00e9rk\u00e9pek korl\u00e1taihoz vezethet\u0151 vissza. A t\u00e9rk\u00e9pek a vil\u00e1g k\u00e9tdimenzi\u00f3s \u00e1br\u00e1zol\u00e1sai, de&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":24781,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[212],"tags":[821,6794,20165,18875,20166],"class_list":["post-15089","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-earth-science","tag-data-visualization","tag-geography","tag-gis","tag-mapping","tag-spatial-analysis"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15089","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15089"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15089\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24782,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15089\/revisions\/24782"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24781"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15089"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15089"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15089"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}