{"id":1581,"date":"2022-12-20T16:37:04","date_gmt":"2022-12-20T16:37:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=1581"},"modified":"2022-12-20T16:37:04","modified_gmt":"2022-12-20T16:37:04","slug":"the-history-of-mechanical-refrigeration-dr-john-gorrie-and-the-ice-king","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/science\/technology\/the-history-of-mechanical-refrigeration-dr-john-gorrie-and-the-ice-king\/","title":{"rendered":"A mechanikus h\u0171t\u00e9s t\u00f6rt\u00e9nete: Dr. John Gorrie \u00e9s a J\u00e9gkir\u00e1ly"},"content":{"rendered":"

A mechanikus h\u0171t\u00e9s t\u00f6rt\u00e9nete: Dr. John Gorrie \u00e9s a J\u00e9gkir\u00e1ly<\/h2>\n\n

Korai h\u0171t\u00e9si k\u00eds\u00e9rletek<\/h2>\n\n

A mechanikus h\u0171t\u00e9s megjelen\u00e9se el\u0151tt az emberek a term\u00e9szetes j\u00e9gre t\u00e1maszkodtak \u00e9lelmiszereik \u00e9s italaik h\u0171t\u00e9s\u00e9hez. Az 1800-as \u00e9vek elej\u00e9n Frederic Tudor, egy fiatal bostoni \u00fczletember elkezdett jeget sz\u00e1ll\u00edtani \u00daj-Angli\u00e1b\u00f3l a tr\u00f3pusi c\u00e9l\u00e1llom\u00e1sokra. Tudor v\u00e1llalkoz\u00e1sa sikeres volt, \u00e9s \u0151 hamarosan a “J\u00e9gkir\u00e1ly” n\u00e9ven v\u00e1lt ismertt\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n

Dr. John Gorrie tal\u00e1lm\u00e1nya<\/h2>\n\n

A f\u00fclledt Apalachicola v\u00e1ros\u00e1ban, Florid\u00e1ban, Dr. John Gorrie-t aggasztotta a j\u00e9ghi\u00e1ny a l\u00e1zbetegei sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra. A kor\u00e1bbi h\u0171t\u00e9si k\u00eds\u00e9rletek \u00e1ltal inspir\u00e1lva elkezdett dolgozni egy olyan g\u00e9pen, amely jeget tudott k\u00e9sz\u00edteni \u00e9s leh\u0171teni a leveg\u0151t. \u00c9vekig tart\u00f3 bark\u00e1csol\u00e1s ut\u00e1n Gorrie 1847-ben bemutatta tal\u00e1lm\u00e1ny\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n

Hideg fogadtat\u00e1s<\/h2>\n\n

Gorrie j\u00e9gk\u00e9sz\u00edt\u0151 g\u00e9p\u00e9t szkepticizmussal \u00e9s ellen\u00e1ll\u00e1ssal fogadt\u00e1k. Sokan \u00fagy v\u00e9lt\u00e9k, hogy lehetetlen, hogy az emberek mesters\u00e9gesen jeget k\u00e9sz\u00edtsenek. Tudor, akit Gorrie tal\u00e1lm\u00e1nya fenyegetett, \u00e1ll\u00edt\u00f3lag egy r\u00e1galmaz\u00f3 kamp\u00e1nyt ind\u00edtott ellene.<\/p>\n\n

P\u00e9nz\u00fcgyi neh\u00e9zs\u00e9gek<\/h2>\n\n

B\u00e1r 1851-ben szabadalmat kapott g\u00e9p\u00e9re, Gorrie p\u00e9nz\u00fcgyi neh\u00e9zs\u00e9gekkel n\u00e9zett szembe. A befektet\u0151k visszavont\u00e1k t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sukat, \u00e9s nem tudott finansz\u00edroz\u00e1st biztos\u00edtani tal\u00e1lm\u00e1nya nagyszab\u00e1s\u00fa gy\u00e1rt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz.<\/p>\n\n

A rivaliz\u00e1l\u00e1s Frederic Tudorral<\/h2>\n\n

Gorrie \u00fagy v\u00e9lte, hogy Tudor \u00e1llt p\u00e9nz\u00fcgyi gondjai m\u00f6g\u00f6tt. Azzal v\u00e1dolta Tudort, hogy “erk\u00f6lcsi okokat” haszn\u00e1l g\u00e9p\u00e9nek haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1nak megakad\u00e1lyoz\u00e1s\u00e1ra. A k\u00e9t f\u00e9rfi k\u00f6z\u00f6tti rivaliz\u00e1l\u00e1s keser\u0171v\u00e9 v\u00e1lt.<\/p>\n\n

A h\u0171t\u00e9s hat\u00e1sa<\/h2>\n\n

Az \u00e1ltala szemben\u00e9zett kih\u00edv\u00e1sok ellen\u00e9re Gorrie tal\u00e1lm\u00e1nya utat nyitott a modern h\u0171t\u00e9s kifejleszt\u00e9s\u00e9hez. Munk\u00e1ja lefektette a j\u00e9gk\u00e9sz\u00edt\u0151 g\u00e9pek \u00e9s l\u00e9gkondicion\u00e1l\u00f3k sz\u00e9les k\u00f6r\u0171 haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1nak alapj\u00e1t, amelyek m\u00e9ly hat\u00e1ssal voltak az emberi civiliz\u00e1ci\u00f3ra.<\/p>\n\n

Gorrie \u00f6r\u00f6ks\u00e9ge<\/h2>\n\n

Gorrie 1855-ben szeg\u00e9nys\u00e9gben \u00e9s ismeretlens\u00e9gben halt meg. A h\u0171t\u00e9s ter\u00fclet\u00e9n tett hozz\u00e1j\u00e1rul\u00e1sait azonban v\u00e9g\u00fcl elismert\u00e9k. Ma a modern l\u00e9gkondicion\u00e1l\u00e1s \u00e9s h\u0171t\u00e9si technol\u00f3gia egyik \u00fatt\u00f6r\u0151j\u00e9nek tartj\u00e1k.<\/p>\n\n

A h\u0171t\u00e9s t\u00e1rsadalmi \u00e9s gazdas\u00e1gi hat\u00e1sai<\/h2>\n\n

A mechanikus h\u0171t\u00e9s kifejleszt\u00e9s\u00e9nek \u00e1talak\u00edt\u00f3 hat\u00e1sa volt a t\u00e1rsadalomra. Lehet\u0151v\u00e9 tette a n\u00e9pess\u00e9g t\u00f6meges \u00e1ttelep\u00fcl\u00e9s\u00e9t melegebb \u00e9ghajlatra, \u00e9s lehet\u0151v\u00e9 tette az \u00e9lelmiszerek hosszabb ideig t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 tart\u00f3s\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t. A h\u0171t\u00e9s kulcsfontoss\u00e1g\u00fa szerepet j\u00e1tszott \u00faj ipar\u00e1gak, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul az \u00e9lelmiszer-feldolgoz\u00e1s \u00e9s a gy\u00f3gyszeripar fejl\u0151d\u00e9s\u00e9ben is.<\/p>\n\n

A h\u0171t\u00e9s \u00fatt\u00f6r\u0151i \u00e1ltal szemben\u00e9zett kih\u00edv\u00e1sok<\/h2>\n\n

A h\u0171t\u00e9s korai \u00fatt\u00f6r\u0151i sz\u00e1mos kih\u00edv\u00e1ssal n\u00e9ztek szembe. Le kellett k\u00fczdeni\u00fck a m\u0171szaki neh\u00e9zs\u00e9geket, a k\u00f6zv\u00e9lem\u00e9ny szkepticizmus\u00e1t \u00e9s a k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00e9rdek\u0171ek ellen\u00e1ll\u00e1s\u00e1t. Ezen akad\u00e1lyok ellen\u00e9re kitart\u00f3ak maradtak, \u00e9s lefektett\u00e9k a modern h\u0171t\u0151ipar alapjait.<\/p>\n\n

A technol\u00f3giai innov\u00e1ci\u00f3 szerepe<\/h2>\n\n

A technol\u00f3giai innov\u00e1ci\u00f3 hajt\u00f3ereje volt a h\u0171t\u00e9s fejl\u0151d\u00e9s\u00e9nek. Gorrie korai k\u00eds\u00e9rleteit\u0151l a mai kifinomult h\u0171t\u0151rendszerekig az innov\u00e1ci\u00f3 kulcsfontoss\u00e1g\u00fa szerepet j\u00e1tszott a h\u0171t\u00e9stechnol\u00f3gia hat\u00e9konys\u00e1g\u00e1nak \u00e9s eredm\u00e9nyess\u00e9g\u00e9nek jav\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ban.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A mechanikus h\u0171t\u00e9s t\u00f6rt\u00e9nete: Dr. John Gorrie \u00e9s a J\u00e9gkir\u00e1ly Korai h\u0171t\u00e9si k\u00eds\u00e9rletek A mechanikus h\u0171t\u00e9s megjelen\u00e9se el\u0151tt az emberek a term\u00e9szetes j\u00e9gre t\u00e1maszkodtak \u00e9lelmiszereik \u00e9s italaik h\u0171t\u00e9s\u00e9hez. Az 1800-as…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[999],"tags":[3476,3471,3475,3473,3474,3472],"class_list":["post-1581","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-technology","tag-history-of-refrigeration","tag-dr-john-gorrie","tag-frederic-tudor","tag-ice-machine","tag-air-conditioning","tag-mechanical-refrigeration"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1581","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1581"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1581\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1582,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1581\/revisions\/1582"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1581"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1581"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1581"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}