{"id":17933,"date":"2022-09-02T10:14:23","date_gmt":"2022-09-02T10:14:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=17933"},"modified":"2022-09-02T10:14:23","modified_gmt":"2022-09-02T10:14:23","slug":"graffiti-removal-chemical-approach","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/science\/chemistry-in-conservation\/graffiti-removal-chemical-approach\/","title":{"rendered":"Graffiti elt\u00e1vol\u00edt\u00e1sa: k\u00e9miai megk\u00f6zel\u00edt\u00e9s"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Graffiti elt\u00e1vol\u00edt\u00e1sa: k\u00e9miai megk\u00f6zel\u00edt\u00e9s<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A kih\u00edv\u00e1s meg\u00e9rt\u00e9se<\/h3>\n\n<p>A graffiti, a fel\u00fcleteken nemk\u00edv\u00e1natos jelenl\u00e9t, egyedi elt\u00e1vol\u00edt\u00e1si kih\u00edv\u00e1st jelent. A legelterjedtebb t\u00edpus, a sprayfest\u00e9k, t\u00f6bbf\u00e9le vegy\u00fcletet tartalmaz, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul poliuret\u00e1nt, lakkot \u00e9s zom\u00e1ncot. Minden vegy\u00fcletnek sz\u00fcks\u00e9ge van egy adott old\u00f3szerre, hogy megszak\u00edtsa annak molekul\u00e1ris k\u00f6t\u00e9seit.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Old\u00f3szer alap\u00fa elt\u00e1vol\u00edt\u00e1s<\/h3>\n\n<p>Az old\u00f3szerek, mint p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a butanon (MEK) \u00e9s a xilolok, feloldhatj\u00e1k a sprayfest\u00e9ket \u00fagy, hogy er\u0151sebb intermolekul\u00e1ris k\u00f6t\u00e9seket k\u00e9peznek annak vegy\u00fcleteivel, mint a fest\u00e9k \u00e9s a fel\u00fclet k\u00f6z\u00f6ttiek. Azonban az old\u00f3szerek m\u00e9lyebbre is behatolhatnak a fel\u00fcletbe, \u00e9s potenci\u00e1lisan k\u00e1ros\u00edthatj\u00e1k azt. Ez\u00e9rt d\u00f6nt\u0151 fontoss\u00e1g\u00fa az old\u00f3szerek tesztel\u00e9se l\u00e1thatatlan ter\u00fcleteken, miel\u0151tt sz\u00e9les k\u00f6rben alkalmazn\u00e1nk azokat.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Marad\u00e9k pigmentek elt\u00e1vol\u00edt\u00e1sa<\/h3>\n\n<p>Az old\u00f3szeres kezel\u00e9s ut\u00e1n maradhatnak fest\u00e9kpigmentek. Ezeket feh\u00e9r\u00edthetj\u00fck \u00fasz\u00f3medence fert\u0151tlen\u00edt\u0151szerrel, kalcium-hipoklorittal (Ca(OCl)2). Ez a vegy\u00fclet enyh\u00e9n l\u00fagos, \u00edgy biztons\u00e1gos mind a sav\u00e9rz\u00e9keny, mind a l\u00fag\u00e9rz\u00e9keny fel\u00fcletekhez. A kereskedelmi graffitielt\u00e1vol\u00edt\u00f3k gyakran t\u00f6bbf\u00e9le szer kombin\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1t alkalmazz\u00e1k egy \u00e1tfog\u00f3 megk\u00f6zel\u00edt\u00e9s \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul kalcium-hipokloritot, feny\u0151olajat, amm\u00f3ni\u00e1t \u00e9s ketonokat.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">K\u00fcl\u00f6nleges szempontok t\u00f6rt\u00e9nelmi fel\u00fcletek eset\u00e9n<\/h3>\n\n<p>T\u00f6rt\u00e9nelmi nevezetess\u00e9gek vagy \u00e9rt\u00e9kes \u00e9p\u00fcletek eset\u00e9n a graffiti elt\u00e1vol\u00edt\u00e1sa k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen k\u00e9nyess due v\u00e1lik. Az amerikai Nemzeti Park Szolg\u00e1lat r\u00e9szletes ir\u00e1nymutat\u00e1sokat ny\u00fajt a fest\u00e9k elt\u00e1vol\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1r\u00f3l a t\u00f6rt\u00e9nelmi k\u0151m\u0171vess\u00e9gr\u0151l, hangs\u00falyozva a fel\u00fclet integrit\u00e1s\u00e1nak meg\u0151rz\u00e9s\u00e9hez sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges speci\u00e1lis technik\u00e1k sz\u00fcks\u00e9gess\u00e9g\u00e9t.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Graffiti: t\u00f6rt\u00e9nelmi \u00e9s kultur\u00e1lis perspekt\u00edva<\/h3>\n\n<p>A graffiti nem modern jelens\u00e9g. A r\u00f3maiak \u00fczeneteket v\u00e9stek a falaikra, \u00e9s m\u00e9g a Stonehenge is az \u0151si vandalizmus bizony\u00edt\u00e9k\u00e1t hordozza. Az Egyes\u00fclt \u00c1llamokban a graffitinek gazdag kultur\u00e1lis t\u00f6rt\u00e9nelm\u00fck van, a metr\u00f3kocsik firk\u00e1it\u00f3l kezdve a gal\u00e9ri\u00e1kban elismert m\u0171v\u00e9szeti form\u00e1kig fejl\u0151dtek.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Fejlett graffitielt\u00e1vol\u00edt\u00e1si technik\u00e1k<\/h3>\n\n<p>Digit\u00e1lis l\u00e9zerszkennel\u00e9st alkalmaztak az \u0151si graffitik felt\u00e1r\u00e1s\u00e1ra Stonehenge-ben, \u00e9rt\u00e9kes betekint\u00e9st ny\u00fajtva a m\u00falt civiliz\u00e1ci\u00f3iba. Az aeroszolm\u0171v\u00e9szet, amely egykor a v\u00e1rosi szubkult\u00far\u00e1kra korl\u00e1toz\u00f3dott, elfogadotts\u00e1gra tett szert a kort\u00e1rs m\u0171v\u00e9szeti terekben, bemutatva a sprayfest\u00e9k kreat\u00edv potenci\u00e1lj\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Biztons\u00e1gi \u00f3vint\u00e9zked\u00e9sek<\/h3>\n\n<p>Graffiti elt\u00e1vol\u00edt\u00e1sa k\u00f6zben mindig a biztons\u00e1got helyezz\u00fck el\u0151t\u00e9rbe. Viselj\u00fcnk megfelel\u0151 v\u00e9d\u0151felszerel\u00e9st, bele\u00e9rtve keszty\u0171t \u00e9s szemv\u00e9d\u0151t. Ker\u00fclj\u00fck a fel\u00fcleteket k\u00e1ros\u00edt\u00f3 mar\u00f3 vegyszerek vagy abraz\u00edv m\u00f3dszerek haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1t. Tesztelj\u00fck az old\u00f3szereket \u00e9s a feh\u00e9r\u00edt\u0151szereket kis ter\u00fcleteken, miel\u0151tt sz\u00e9lesebb k\u00f6rben alkalmazn\u00e1nk \u0151ket.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">K\u00f6vetkeztet\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n<p>A graffiti elt\u00e1vol\u00edt\u00e1sa egy sokoldal\u00fa folyamat, amely a k\u00e9miai ismeretek, a fel\u00fcleti \u00e9rz\u00e9kenys\u00e9g \u00e9s a t\u00f6rt\u00e9nelmi tudatoss\u00e1g kombin\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1t ig\u00e9nyli. Az old\u00f3szer alap\u00fa elt\u00e1vol\u00edt\u00e1s, a marad\u00e9k pigmentek feh\u00e9r\u00edt\u00e9se \u00e9s a t\u00f6rt\u00e9nelmi fel\u00fcletek speci\u00e1lis technik\u00e1inak elveinek meg\u00e9rt\u00e9s\u00e9vel hat\u00e9konyan helyre\u00e1ll\u00edthatjuk a fel\u00fcleteket, mik\u00f6zben meg\u0151rizz\u00fck integrit\u00e1sukat \u00e9s kultur\u00e1lis jelent\u0151s\u00e9g\u00fcket.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Graffiti elt\u00e1vol\u00edt\u00e1sa: k\u00e9miai megk\u00f6zel\u00edt\u00e9s A kih\u00edv\u00e1s meg\u00e9rt\u00e9se A graffiti, a fel\u00fcleteken nemk\u00edv\u00e1natos jelenl\u00e9t, egyedi elt\u00e1vol\u00edt\u00e1si kih\u00edv\u00e1st jelent. A legelterjedtebb t\u00edpus, a sprayfest\u00e9k, t\u00f6bbf\u00e9le vegy\u00fcletet tartalmaz, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul poliuret\u00e1nt, lakkot \u00e9s zom\u00e1ncot.&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23505],"tags":[8933,23503,218,1845,23504,712],"class_list":["post-17933","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-chemistry-in-conservation","tag-bleaching","tag-graffiti-removal","tag-chemistry","tag-art-conservation","tag-solvents","tag-historic-preservation"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17933","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17933"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17933\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17934,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17933\/revisions\/17934"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17933"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17933"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17933"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}