{"id":18682,"date":"2021-09-21T00:24:01","date_gmt":"2021-09-21T00:24:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=18682"},"modified":"2021-09-21T00:24:01","modified_gmt":"2021-09-21T00:24:01","slug":"giant-sequoias-americas-fascination-and-conservation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/science\/natural-history\/giant-sequoias-americas-fascination-and-conservation\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00d3ri\u00e1s mamutfeny\u0151k: Amerika elb\u0171v\u00f6l\u00e9s\u00e9nek \u00e9s meg\u00f3v\u00e1s\u00e1nak t\u00f6rt\u00e9nete"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00d3ri\u00e1s mamutfeny\u0151k: Amerika leny\u0171g\u00f6z\u00e9s\u00e9nek \u00e9s meg\u00f3v\u00e1s\u00e1nak t\u00f6rt\u00e9nete<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A felfedez\u00e9s \u00e9s a &#8220;Nagy fa-\u0151r\u00fclet&#8221;<\/h2>\n\n<p>Az 1800-as \u00e9vek k\u00f6zep\u00e9n Augustus T. Dowd nev\u0171 vad\u00e1sz egy \u00f3ri\u00e1si f\u00e1ra bukkant Kelet-Kalifornia hegyei k\u00f6z\u00f6tt. Toronymagas magass\u00e1ga, hatalmas t\u00f6rzsker\u00fclete \u00e9s \u00e9l\u00e9nkz\u00f6ld lombkoron\u00e1ja elb\u0171v\u00f6lte \u0151t. Felfedez\u00e9s\u00e9nek h\u00edre vill\u00e1mgyorsan terjedt, \u00e9s kiv\u00e1ltott egy nemzeti megsz\u00e1llotts\u00e1got, amelyet &#8220;Nagy fa-\u0151r\u00fcletnek&#8221; neveztek el.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Az amerikai nagys\u00e1g szimb\u00f3luma<\/h2>\n\n<p>Az \u00f3ri\u00e1s mamutfeny\u0151k, amelyek t\u00f6bb mint 3000 \u00e9vig \u00e9lhetnek, \u00e9s \u00f3ri\u00e1si m\u00e9ret\u0171re n\u0151hetnek, Amerika nagys\u00e1g\u00e1nak \u00e9s hat\u00e1rtalan lehet\u0151s\u00e9geinek a szimb\u00f3lumai lettek. Az orsz\u00e1g term\u00e9szeti \u00f6r\u00f6ks\u00e9g\u00e9nek \u00e9l\u0151 eml\u00e9keik\u00e9nt tekintettek r\u00e1juk, \u00e9s vadon \u00e9l\u0151 vil\u00e1g\u00e1nak tan\u00faik\u00e9nt.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A &#8220;N\u00f6v\u00e9nyi sz\u00f6rny&#8221;<\/h2>\n\n<p>Az els\u0151, Dowd \u00e1ltal felfedezett \u00f3ri\u00e1s mamutfeny\u0151t az \u00fajs\u00e1gok &#8220;N\u00f6v\u00e9nyi sz\u00f6rnynek&#8221; nevezt\u00e9k el. Hatalmas m\u00e9rete \u00e9s szokatlan megjelen\u00e9se tud\u00f3sokat \u00e9s laikusokat egyar\u00e1nt zavarba ejtett. Sokf\u00e9le tal\u00e1lgat\u00e1s l\u00e1tott napvil\u00e1got kor\u00e1ra vonatkoz\u00f3an, melyek 2500 \u00e9s 6500 \u00e9v k\u00f6z\u00f6tt mozogtak.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Term\u00e9szetv\u00e9delem \u00e9s nemzeti parkok<\/h2>\n\n<p>A \u00f3ri\u00e1s mamutfeny\u0151k n\u00e9pszer\u0171s\u00e9g\u00e9nek n\u00f6veked\u00e9s\u00e9vel aggodalmak mer\u00fcltek fel v\u00e9delm\u00fckkel kapcsolatban. A fav\u00e1g\u00f3k elkezdt\u00e9k kiv\u00e1gni ezeket a fens\u00e9ges f\u00e1kat \u00e9rt\u00e9kes f\u00e1juk\u00e9rt, ami a fennmarad\u00e1sukat fenyegette. V\u00e1laszul a term\u00e9szetv\u00e9d\u0151k \u00e9s a term\u00e9szettud\u00f3sok, k\u00f6zt\u00fck John Muir, a meg\u00f3v\u00e1suk mellett \u00e9rveltek. Az Egyes\u00fclt \u00c1llamok els\u0151 h\u00e1rom nemzeti parkj\u00e1b\u00f3l kett\u0151t az\u00e9rt hoztak l\u00e9tre, hogy megv\u00e9dj\u00e9k az \u00f3ri\u00e1s mamutfeny\u0151 ligeteket.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A term\u00e9szetv\u00e9delem nem v\u00e1rt k\u00f6vetkezm\u00e9nyei<\/h2>\n\n<p>A korai term\u00e9szetv\u00e9delmi er\u0151fesz\u00edt\u00e9seknek azonban nem v\u00e1rt k\u00f6vetkezm\u00e9nyei lettek. A mamutfeny\u0151k t\u0171zt\u0151l val\u00f3 meg\u00f3v\u00e1s\u00e1nak \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben folytatott t\u0171zolt\u00e1s a n\u00f6v\u00e9nyzet felhalmoz\u00f3d\u00e1s\u00e1hoz vezetett a ligetekben. Ez\u00e1ltal fog\u00e9konyabb\u00e1 v\u00e1ltak a katasztrof\u00e1lis erd\u0151t\u00fczekre, amelyek ak\u00e1r eg\u00e9sz ligeteket is elpuszt\u00edthattak.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00c9ghajlatv\u00e1ltoz\u00e1s \u00e9s asz\u00e1ly<\/h2>\n\n<p>Az elm\u00falt \u00e9vekben az \u00e9ghajlatv\u00e1ltoz\u00e1s v\u00e1lt az \u00f3ri\u00e1s mamutfeny\u0151k jelent\u0151s vesz\u00e9lyforr\u00e1s\u00e1v\u00e1. A tart\u00f3s asz\u00e1lyok sok mamutfeny\u0151t arra k\u00e9sztettek, hogy lehullass\u00e1k t\u0171leveleiket, ami a v\u00edzhi\u00e1ny jele. A kutat\u00f3k att\u00f3l tartanak, hogy ha az asz\u00e1lyos k\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00e9nyek fennmaradnak, az eg\u00e9sz popul\u00e1ci\u00f3 vesz\u00e9lybe ker\u00fclhet.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Turizmus \u00e9s helyre\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s<\/h2>\n\n<p>Az \u00f3ri\u00e1s mamutfeny\u0151 ligetek n\u00e9pszer\u0171 turisztikai c\u00e9lpontok, amelyek \u00e9vente t\u00f6bb milli\u00f3 l\u00e1togat\u00f3t vonzanak. A turist\u00e1k \u00e1raml\u00e1sa azonban k\u00e1ros\u00edthatja a ligetek k\u00e9nyes \u00f6kosziszt\u00e9m\u00e1j\u00e1t. E hat\u00e1s enyh\u00edt\u00e9se \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben n\u00e9h\u00e1ny ligetet lez\u00e1rtak helyre\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s c\u00e9lj\u00e1b\u00f3l, lehet\u0151v\u00e9 t\u00e9ve a \u00e9l\u0151hely helyre\u00e1ll\u00e1s\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Az \u00f3ri\u00e1sok j\u00f6v\u0151je<\/h2>\n\n<p>Az \u00f3ri\u00e1s mamutfeny\u0151k j\u00f6v\u0151je bizonytalan. Az \u00e9ghajlatv\u00e1ltoz\u00e1s, az asz\u00e1ly \u00e9s m\u00e1s fenyeget\u00e9sek tov\u00e1bbra is kih\u00edv\u00e1sok el\u00e9 \u00e1ll\u00edtj\u00e1k fennmarad\u00e1sukat. Az olyan folyamatban l\u00e9v\u0151 term\u00e9szetv\u00e9delmi er\u0151fesz\u00edt\u00e9sek azonban, mint a t\u0171zgazd\u00e1lkod\u00e1s \u00e9s az \u00e9l\u0151hely-helyre\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s, rem\u00e9nyt adnak ezeknek az ikonikus f\u00e1knak a meg\u00f3v\u00e1s\u00e1ra.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Az \u00f3ri\u00e1s mamutfeny\u0151k k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 t\u00edpusai<\/h2>\n\n<p>Az \u00f3ri\u00e1s mamutfeny\u0151knek k\u00e9t k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 faja van:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Sierra Nevada \u00f3ri\u00e1s mamutfeny\u0151:<\/strong> Kalifornia Sierra Nevada-hegys\u00e9g\u00e9ben tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Parti mamutfeny\u0151:<\/strong> Kalifornia csendes-\u00f3ce\u00e1ni partvid\u00e9ke \u00e9s D\u00e9l-Oregon ment\u00e9n tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Az \u00f3ri\u00e1s mamutfeny\u0151k k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 \u00e9l\u0151helyei<\/h2>\n\n<p>Az \u00f3ri\u00e1s mamutfeny\u0151k csak a Sierra Nevada-hegys\u00e9g k\u00f6z\u00e9ps\u0151 magass\u00e1gaiban tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 n\u00e9h\u00e1ny elszigetelt ligetben tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3k. A legnagyobb ligetek a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151kben tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3k:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Sequoia Nemzeti Park<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Kings Canyon Nemzeti Park<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Yosemite Nemzeti Park<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Az \u00f3ri\u00e1s mamutfeny\u0151 faanyag\u00e1nak k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 felhaszn\u00e1l\u00e1si m\u00f3djai<\/h2>\n\n<p>Az \u00f3ri\u00e1s mamutfeny\u0151 faanyaga tart\u00f3ss\u00e1ga \u00e9s a korhad\u00e1ssal szembeni ellen\u00e1ll\u00f3 k\u00e9pess\u00e9ge miatt rendk\u00edv\u00fcl \u00e9rt\u00e9kes. Sz\u00e1mos c\u00e9lra haszn\u00e1lt\u00e1k fel, t\u00f6bbek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u00c9p\u00edt\u0151anyagok<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u00fatorok<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Hangszerek<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Az \u00f3ri\u00e1s mamutfeny\u0151kkel szemben \u00e1ll\u00f3 k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 fenyeget\u00e9sek<\/h2>\n\n<p>Az \u00f3ri\u00e1s mamutfeny\u0151ket sz\u00e1mos fenyeget\u00e9s \u00e9ri, t\u00f6bbek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Fakitermel\u00e9s<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u00fczek<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00c9ghajlatv\u00e1ltoz\u00e1s<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Asz\u00e1ly<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Turizmus<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Az \u00f3ri\u00e1s mamutfeny\u0151k v\u00e9delm\u00e9nek k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 m\u00f3djai<\/h2>\n\n<p>Az \u00f3ri\u00e1s mamutfeny\u0151k v\u00e9delm\u00e9nek sz\u00e1mos m\u00f3dja van, t\u00f6bbek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Term\u00e9szetv\u00e9delem<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u0171zgazd\u00e1lkod\u00e1s<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00c9l\u0151hely-helyre\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Oktat\u00e1s<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Turizmusmenedzsment<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00d3ri\u00e1s mamutfeny\u0151k: Amerika leny\u0171g\u00f6z\u00e9s\u00e9nek \u00e9s meg\u00f3v\u00e1s\u00e1nak t\u00f6rt\u00e9nete A felfedez\u00e9s \u00e9s a &#8220;Nagy fa-\u0151r\u00fclet&#8221; Az 1800-as \u00e9vek k\u00f6zep\u00e9n Augustus T. Dowd nev\u0171 vad\u00e1sz egy \u00f3ri\u00e1si f\u00e1ra bukkant Kelet-Kalifornia hegyei k\u00f6z\u00f6tt. Toronymagas&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[244],"tags":[401,24379,193,252,27],"class_list":["post-18682","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-natural-history","tag-conservation","tag-giant-sequoias","tag-symbolism","tag-nature","tag-history"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18682","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18682"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18682\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18683,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18682\/revisions\/18683"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18682"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18682"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18682"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}