{"id":2953,"date":"2026-01-07T20:57:41","date_gmt":"2026-01-07T20:57:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=2953"},"modified":"2026-01-07T20:57:41","modified_gmt":"2026-01-07T20:57:41","slug":"tonga-volcanic-eruption-more-powerful-than-atomic-bomb","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/science\/earth-science\/tonga-volcanic-eruption-more-powerful-than-atomic-bomb\/","title":{"rendered":"Tongai szupervulk\u00e1n: a Hirosimai bomb\u00e1n\u00e1l is sz\u00e1zszor puszt\u00edt\u00f3bb robban\u00e1s"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vulk\u00e1nkit\u00f6r\u00e9s Tong\u00e1n: er\u0151sebb, mint egy atombomba<\/h2>\n\n

Az \u00f3ri\u00e1si kit\u00f6r\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n
    \n
  1. janu\u00e1r 14-\u00e9n a tongai Hunga Tonga\u2013Hunga Ha\u02bbapai vulk\u00e1n p\u00e9ld\u00e1tlan er\u0151vel t\u00f6rt ki, 4\u201318 megatonna TNT-vel egyen\u00e9rt\u00e9k\u0171 energi\u00e1t szabad\u00edtva fel. Ez a katasztrof\u00e1lis esem\u00e9ny t\u00f6bb sz\u00e1zszor er\u0151sebb volt, mint a m\u00e1sodik vil\u00e1gh\u00e1bor\u00faban Hirosim\u00e1ra ledobott atombomba.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n

    M\u0171holdfelv\u00e9telek a puszt\u00edt\u00e1sr\u00f3l<\/h3>\n\n

    A kit\u00f6r\u00e9s ut\u00e1n k\u00e9sz\u00fclt m\u0171holdfelv\u00e9telek dr\u00e1mai puszt\u00edt\u00e1st mutatnak a vulkanikus szigeten. A robban\u00e1s nagy r\u00e9sz\u00e9t elt\u00f6r\u00f6lte a szigetnek, csup\u00e1n a v\u00edz alatti vulk\u00e1n fels\u0151 cs\u00facsa maradt l\u00e1that\u00f3. A kit\u00f6r\u00e9s hatalmas sz\u00f6k\u0151\u00e1rat is kiv\u00e1ltott, melynek hull\u00e1mai ak\u00e1r 15 m\u00e9teres magass\u00e1got is el\u00e9rtek.<\/p>\n\n

    G\u0151zrobban\u00e1s: kulcsszerep<\/h3>\n\n

    A tud\u00f3sok szerint a forr\u00f3 magma \u00e9s a tengerv\u00edz tal\u00e1lkoz\u00e1sa jelent\u0151sen hozz\u00e1j\u00e1rult a kit\u00f6r\u00e9s erej\u00e9hez. Ez az interakci\u00f3 heves g\u0151zrobban\u00e1sokat okozott, \u00fagynevezett g\u0151zexpl\u00f3zi\u00f3t. A f\u0151 kit\u00f6r\u00e9si ny\u00edl\u00e1s feletti sek\u00e9ly v\u00edzt\u00f6meg tov\u00e1bb fokozta a robban\u00e1s intenzit\u00e1s\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n

    Hivatalosan \u201eultra Surtseyan\u201d kit\u00f6r\u00e9snek nevezt\u00e9k<\/h3>\n\n

    A vulkanol\u00f3gusok nem hivatalosan \u201eultra Surtseyan\u201d kit\u00f6r\u00e9sk\u00e9nt emlegetik ezt a t\u00edpust, sz\u00e9ls\u0151s\u00e9ges ereje \u00e9s a g\u0151zrobban\u00e1s jelenl\u00e9te miatt. M\u00e1s vulk\u00e1nkit\u00f6r\u00e9sekkel \u2013 p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a Mount Pinatubo \u00f3r\u00e1kig tart\u00f3 aktivit\u00e1s\u00e1val \u2013 ellent\u00e9tben a tongai kit\u00f6r\u00e9s viszonylag r\u00f6vid, kevesebb mint egy \u00f3r\u00e1ig tartott.<\/p>\n\n

    Hat\u00e1s az \u00e9ghajlatra \u00e9s az eg\u00e9szs\u00e9gre<\/h3>\n\n

    A szak\u00e9rt\u0151k szerint a tongai kit\u00f6r\u00e9s nem okolhat\u00f3 r\u00f6vid t\u00e1v\u00fa \u00e9ghajlati v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sok\u00e9rt. A tongai lakoss\u00e1g azonban nagy r\u00e9sz\u00e9t \u00e9rintette a lehull\u00f3 hamu, \u00e9s a sz\u00f6k\u0151\u00e1rban h\u00e1rman \u00e9let\u00fcket vesztett\u00e9k. A hamu- \u00e9s f\u00fcstszemcs\u00e9k eg\u00e9szs\u00e9g\u00fcgyi kock\u00e1zatot jelentenek: gyullad\u00e1st \u00e9s k\u00e1rosod\u00e1st okozhatnak a sz\u00edv- \u00e9s t\u00fcd\u0151sz\u00f6vetekben, valamint irrit\u00e1lhatj\u00e1k a szemet \u00e9s a b\u0151rt.<\/p>\n\n

    Seg\u00e9ly- \u00e9s helyre\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1si er\u0151fesz\u00edt\u00e9sek<\/h3>\n\n

    A COVID-19 terjed\u00e9s\u00e9nek kock\u00e1zata miatt Tonga k\u00e9rte, hogy a seg\u00e9lymunk\u00e1latokat helyi szervezetek \u2013 p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a V\u00f6r\u00f6skereszt \u2013 v\u00e9gezz\u00e9k k\u00fclf\u00f6ldi munk\u00e1sok helyett. A seg\u00e9lyek f\u00f3kusza tiszta v\u00edz, \u00e9lelmiszer \u00e9s mened\u00e9k biztos\u00edt\u00e1sa a kit\u00f6r\u00e9s \u00e1ltal \u00e9rintettek sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra.<\/p>\n\n

    A F\u00f6ld erej\u00e9nek eml\u00e9keztet\u0151je<\/h3>\n\n

    A tongai vulk\u00e1nkit\u00f6r\u00e9s ny\u00edlt eml\u00e9keztet\u0151je a term\u00e9szet hatalm\u00e1nak. Kiemeli a tudom\u00e1nyos kutat\u00e1s \u00e9s megfigyel\u00e9s fontoss\u00e1g\u00e1t annak \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben, hogy jobban meg\u00e9rts\u00fck \u00e9s cs\u00f6kkents\u00fck a vulk\u00e1nkit\u00f6r\u00e9sek kock\u00e1zatait.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Vulk\u00e1nkit\u00f6r\u00e9s Tong\u00e1n: er\u0151sebb, mint egy atombomba Az \u00f3ri\u00e1si kit\u00f6r\u00e9s janu\u00e1r 14-\u00e9n a tongai Hunga Tonga\u2013Hunga Ha\u02bbapai vulk\u00e1n p\u00e9ld\u00e1tlan er\u0151vel t\u00f6rt ki, 4\u201318 megatonna TNT-vel egyen\u00e9rt\u00e9k\u0171 energi\u00e1t szabad\u00edtva fel. Ez a…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":25203,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[212],"tags":[1266,5787,4300,5788,1265],"class_list":["post-2953","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-earth-science","tag-eruption","tag-steam-explosion","tag-tonga","tag-ultra-surtseyan","tag-volcano"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2953","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2953"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2953\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25204,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2953\/revisions\/25204"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25203"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2953"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2953"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2953"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}