{"id":4436,"date":"2020-11-05T10:30:42","date_gmt":"2020-11-05T10:30:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=4436"},"modified":"2020-11-05T10:30:42","modified_gmt":"2020-11-05T10:30:42","slug":"tobacco-in-mesoamerican-rituals-new-discoveries-from-ancient-vases","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/science\/archaeology\/tobacco-in-mesoamerican-rituals-new-discoveries-from-ancient-vases\/","title":{"rendered":"Doh\u00e1ny a mezoamerikai ritu\u00e1l\u00e9kban: \u00faj felfedez\u00e9sek \u0151si v\u00e1z\u00e1kon"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A doh\u00e1ny a mezoamerikai ritu\u00e1l\u00e9kban: \u00faj felfedez\u00e9sek \u0151si v\u00e1z\u00e1kon<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>R\u00e9g\u00e9szeti bizony\u00edt\u00e9kok a doh\u00e1nyhaszn\u00e1latra<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p>Guatemal\u00e1ban a kutat\u00f3k \u00e1tt\u00f6r\u00e9st \u00e9rtek el, miut\u00e1n olyan bizony\u00edt\u00e9kot tal\u00e1ltak a doh\u00e1ny mezoamerikai haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1ra, amely 1000 \u00e9vre ny\u00falik vissza. A Cotzumalhuapa \u0151si lel\u0151hely\u00e9n v\u00e9gzett \u00e1sat\u00e1sok sor\u00e1n h\u00e9t ker\u00e1miav\u00e1za mint\u00e1it elemezt\u00e9k, \u00e9s h\u00e1romban nikotinmaradv\u00e1nyokat tal\u00e1ltak.<\/p>\n\n<p>Ez a felfedez\u00e9s az\u00e9rt jelent\u0151s, mert ez a legr\u00e9gebbi fizikai bizony\u00edt\u00e9k a t\u00e9rs\u00e9g doh\u00e1nyritu\u00e1l\u00e9ira. Kor\u00e1bban a kutat\u00f3k a doh\u00e1nyhaszn\u00e1latra a t\u00f6rt\u00e9nelmi besz\u00e1mol\u00f3kb\u00f3l \u00e9s a m\u0171v\u00e9szeti \u00e1br\u00e1zol\u00e1sokb\u00f3l k\u00f6vetkeztettek, de r\u00e9g\u00e9szeti bizony\u00edt\u00e9kok alig voltak.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>A doh\u00e1ny ritu\u00e1lis \u00e9s ter\u00e1pi\u00e1s felhaszn\u00e1l\u00e1sa<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p>A doh\u00e1nynak hossz\u00fa ideje van ritu\u00e1lis \u00e9s ter\u00e1pi\u00e1s felhaszn\u00e1l\u00e1sa Mezoamerik\u00e1ban. A korai gyarmati besz\u00e1mol\u00f3k \u00e9s a jelenlegi gyakorlatok dokument\u00e1lj\u00e1k annak haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1t szertart\u00e1sokon, isteneknek val\u00f3 felaj\u00e1nl\u00e1sk\u00e9nt \u00e9s gy\u00f3gy\u00e1szati c\u00e9lokra.<\/p>\n\n<p>A kutat\u00f3k felt\u00e9telezik, hogy a v\u00e1z\u00e1kban tal\u00e1lt nikotintartalm\u00fa folyad\u00e9kokat m\u00e9ly alv\u00e1s, l\u00e1tom\u00e1sok \u00e9s j\u00f3sl\u00f3 transzok kiv\u00e1lt\u00e1s\u00e1ra haszn\u00e1lhatt\u00e1k. Ez a fajta fogyaszt\u00e1s val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171leg csak meghat\u00e1rozott ritu\u00e1l\u00e9kra korl\u00e1toz\u00f3dott, \u00e9s er\u0151s narkotikumnak tekinthett\u00e9k.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Doh\u00e1nyfogyaszt\u00e1s Cotzumalhuap\u00e1ban<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p>A cotzumalhuapai doh\u00e1nymaradv\u00e1nyok felfedez\u00e9se f\u00e9nyt der\u00edt ennek az \u0151si v\u00e1rosnak a ritu\u00e1lis gyakorlataira. A guatemalai Csendes-\u00f3ce\u00e1n partj\u00e1n fekv\u0151 Cotzumalhuap\u00e1t a r\u00e9g\u00e9szeti kutat\u00e1sokban hossz\u00fa ideje elhanyagolt\u00e1k.<\/p>\n\n<p>A kutat\u00f3k rem\u00e9lik, hogy felfedez\u00e9seik tov\u00e1bbi vizsg\u00e1latokra \u00f6szt\u00f6n\u00f6znek a doh\u00e1nynak a cotzumalhuapai kultur\u00e1lis gyakorlatokban bet\u00f6lt\u00f6tt szerep\u00e9vel kapcsolatban. \u00dagy v\u00e9lik, hogy tov\u00e1bbi r\u00e9g\u00e9szeti mint\u00e1k elemz\u00e9se \u00e9s a doh\u00e1ny ikonogr\u00e1fiai \u00e1br\u00e1zol\u00e1sainak vizsg\u00e1lata \u00e1tfog\u00f3bb k\u00e9pet adhat jelent\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9r\u0151l.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>A doh\u00e1nyhaszn\u00e1lat t\u00f6rt\u00e9nelmi kontextusa<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p>A doh\u00e1ny mezoamerikai haszn\u00e1lata megel\u0151zi az eur\u00f3pai kontaktust. Az 1500-as \u00e9vekre a t\u00e1rsadalmi \u00e9let szerves r\u00e9sz\u00e9v\u00e9 v\u00e1lt, haszn\u00e1lt\u00e1k tal\u00e1lkoz\u00f3kon, szertart\u00e1sokon \u00e9s \u00e9tkez\u00e9s ut\u00e1n em\u00e9szt\u00e9si seg\u00e9danyagk\u00e9nt.<\/p>\n\n<p>A doh\u00e1nyz\u00e1s volt a doh\u00e1nyfogyaszt\u00e1s leggyakoribb m\u00f3dja, de foly\u00e9kony form\u00e1kr\u00f3l is vannak dokumentumok. A nikotin, a doh\u00e1nyban tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 addikt\u00edv vegyi anyag m\u00e9rgez\u0151, ha nagy mennyis\u00e9gben sz\u00e1jon \u00e1t fogyasztj\u00e1k, ami arra utal, hogy ennek a fogyaszt\u00e1si form\u00e1nak bizonyos ritu\u00e1l\u00e9kra korl\u00e1toz\u00f3dhatott.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Hat\u00e1sok az \u0151si Mezoamerika meg\u00e9rt\u00e9s\u00e9re<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p>A cotzumalhuapai doh\u00e1nyhaszn\u00e1lat felfedez\u00e9se k\u00e9rd\u00e9seket vet fel az \u0151si maj\u00e1k kultur\u00e1lis \u00e9s vall\u00e1si gyakorlataival kapcsolatban. R\u00e1vil\u00e1g\u00edt a r\u00e9g\u00e9szeti kutat\u00e1s fontoss\u00e1g\u00e1ra a mezoamerikai t\u00f6rt\u00e9nelem rejtett aspektusainak felt\u00e1r\u00e1s\u00e1ban.<\/p>\n\n<p>A r\u00e9g\u00e9szeti mint\u00e1k elemz\u00e9se \u00e9s a t\u00f6rt\u00e9nelmi besz\u00e1mol\u00f3k tanulm\u00e1nyoz\u00e1sa r\u00e9v\u00e9n a kutat\u00f3k betekint\u00e9st nyerhetnek ezeknek az \u0151si civiliz\u00e1ci\u00f3knak a hiedelmeibe, ritu\u00e1l\u00e9iba \u00e9s mindennapi \u00e9let\u00e9be. Ez a tud\u00e1s hozz\u00e1j\u00e1rul Mezoamerika gazdag kultur\u00e1lis \u00f6r\u00f6ks\u00e9g\u00e9nek \u00e9s tart\u00f3s hagyat\u00e9k\u00e1nak m\u00e9lyebb meg\u00e9rt\u00e9s\u00e9hez.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A doh\u00e1ny a mezoamerikai ritu\u00e1l\u00e9kban: \u00faj felfedez\u00e9sek \u0151si v\u00e1z\u00e1kon R\u00e9g\u00e9szeti bizony\u00edt\u00e9kok a doh\u00e1nyhaszn\u00e1latra Guatemal\u00e1ban a kutat\u00f3k \u00e1tt\u00f6r\u00e9st \u00e9rtek el, miut\u00e1n olyan bizony\u00edt\u00e9kot tal\u00e1ltak a doh\u00e1ny mezoamerikai haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1ra, amely 1000 \u00e9vre&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[191],"tags":[8065,89,4952,1643,88,1727],"class_list":["post-4436","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archaeology","tag-tobacco","tag-cultural-heritage","tag-mesoamerica","tag-ancient-history","tag-archaeology","tag-rituals"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4436","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4436"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4436\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4437,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4436\/revisions\/4437"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4436"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4436"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4436"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}