{"id":4499,"date":"2020-09-22T16:45:11","date_gmt":"2020-09-22T16:45:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=4499"},"modified":"2020-09-22T16:45:11","modified_gmt":"2020-09-22T16:45:11","slug":"the-evolution-of-the-footballs-unique-shape","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/science\/sports-science-and-kinesiology\/the-evolution-of-the-footballs-unique-shape\/","title":{"rendered":"A futballlabda k\u00fcl\u00f6nleges form\u00e1j\u00e1nak leny\u0171g\u00f6z\u0151 fejl\u0151d\u00e9se"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A futball k\u00fcl\u00f6nleges form\u00e1j\u00e1nak fejl\u0151d\u00e9se<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A \u201esert\u00e9sb\u0151r\u201c eredete<\/h2>\n\n<p>Az amerikai futball ikonikus \u201esert\u00e9sb\u0151re\u201c val\u00f3j\u00e1ban nem diszn\u00f3b\u0151rb\u0151l, hanem marhab\u0151rb\u0151l k\u00e9sz\u00fcl. A becen\u00e9v val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171leg abb\u00f3l a felt\u00e9telez\u00e9sb\u0151l ered, hogy a korai futballlabd\u00e1k sert\u00e9sh\u00f3lyagokb\u00f3l k\u00e9sz\u00fcltek.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A futball alakj\u00e1nak rejt\u00e9lyes fejl\u0151d\u00e9se<\/h2>\n\n<p>B\u00e1r a futball a labdar\u00fag\u00e1sb\u00f3l \u00e9s a r\u00f6gbi fejl\u0151d\u00f6tt ki, a modern futballlabda jellegzetes, hossz\u00fak\u00e1s szferoid alakj\u00e1t nem sz\u00e1nd\u00e9kosan tervezt\u00e9k meg. Henry Duffield szerint, aki 1869-ben tan\u00faja volt egy korai egyetemi meccsnek, a labd\u00e1nak kereknek kellett volna lennie, de az egyenetlen felf\u00faj\u00e1s miatt ferde lett.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A passzol\u00e1s hat\u00e1sa<\/h2>\n\n<p>A futballban ahogy keveredett a r\u00fag\u00e1s \u00e9s a fut\u00e1s, \u00e9s a szab\u00e1lyok szabv\u00e1nyosodtak, a labda fokozatosan megny\u00falt, hogy alkalmazkodjon a k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 j\u00e1t\u00e9kst\u00edlusokhoz. Az el\u0151re passz bevezet\u00e9se 1906-ban tov\u00e1bb befoly\u00e1solta a labda alakj\u00e1t, lehet\u0151v\u00e9 t\u00e9ve a pontosabb \u00e9s hat\u00e9konyabb passzol\u00e1st.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A futball fejl\u0151d\u00e9se a 20. sz\u00e1zadban<\/h2>\n\n<p>A 20. sz\u00e1zad elej\u00e9n a futball alakja egys\u00e9ges\u00fclt, \u00e9s az el\u0151re passzol\u00e1s a j\u00e1t\u00e9k domin\u00e1ns r\u00e9sz\u00e9v\u00e9 v\u00e1lt. Az 1930-as \u00e9vekben a labda hosszabb\u00e1 \u00e9s karcs\u00fabb\u00e1 v\u00e1lt a passzol\u00e1si k\u00e9pess\u00e9gek jav\u00edt\u00e1sa \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A \u201eThe Duke\u201d sz\u00fclet\u00e9se<\/h2>\n\n<p>1941-ben az NFL elfogadott egy hivatalos futballlabd\u00e1t, amelyet \u201eThe Duke\u201d n\u00e9vre kereszteltek Wellington Mara ut\u00e1n, akinek az apj\u00e1t a Wellington hercegr\u0151l nevezt\u00e9k el. A n\u00e9v szinonim\u00e1j\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00e1lt az NFL Wilson Sporting Goods c\u00e9ggel val\u00f3 partners\u00e9g\u00e9nek, amely t\u00f6bb mint 70 \u00e9ve gy\u00e1rtja a hivatalos NFL futballlabd\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Modern futball-specifik\u00e1ci\u00f3k<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ahhoz, hogy egy futballlabd\u00e1t ma az NFL-meccsen haszn\u00e1lhassanak, meg kell felelnie bizonyos k\u00f6vetelm\u00e9nyeknek:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>12,5\u201313,5 fontra felf\u00fajt uret\u00e1n h\u00f3lyag<\/li>\n<li>Jav\u00edtott tapad\u00e1s \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben kavicsozott, vil\u00e1gosbarna b\u0151r k\u00fcls\u0151 h\u00e9j<\/li>\n<li>Hossz: 11-11,25 h\u00fcvelyk<\/li>\n<li>Nagy ker\u00fclet: 28-28,5 h\u00fcvelyk<\/li>\n<li>Kis ker\u00fclet: 21-21,25 h\u00fcvelyk<\/li>\n<li>S\u00faly: 14-15 uncia<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A Wilson Sporting Goods szerepe<\/h2>\n\n<p>1955 \u00f3ta minden NFL futballlabd\u00e1t k\u00e9zzel k\u00e9sz\u00edtenek a Wilson Ada, Ohio \u00e1llambeli gy\u00e1r\u00e1ban. A c\u00e9g titkos cserz\u00e9si receptje optimaliz\u00e1lja a b\u0151rt a futball id\u0151j\u00e1r\u00e1si k\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00e9nyeihez, \u00e9s minden szintetikus h\u00f3lyagot egyetlen szem\u00e9ly gy\u00e1rt.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Az utaz\u00e1s a sert\u00e9sb\u0151rt\u0151l a marhab\u0151rig<\/h2>\n\n<p>A futball sert\u00e9sb\u0151rt\u0151l marhab\u0151rig tart\u00f3 fejl\u0151d\u00e9se az anyagok \u00e9s a gy\u00e1rt\u00e1si technik\u00e1k fejl\u0151d\u00e9s\u00e9t t\u00fckr\u00f6zi. A szintetikus h\u00f3lyagok haszn\u00e1lata tov\u00e1bb jav\u00edtotta a labda tart\u00f3ss\u00e1g\u00e1t \u00e9s teljes\u00edtm\u00e9ny\u00e9t.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A futballszab\u00e1lyok hat\u00e1sa<\/h2>\n\n<p>A futballt\u00f6rt\u00e9nelem sor\u00e1n a futballszab\u00e1lyok v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sai befoly\u00e1solt\u00e1k a labda kialak\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a der\u00e9k alatti blokkol\u00e1s 1970-es \u00e9vekbeli legaliz\u00e1l\u00e1sa hosszabbk\u00e1s alak elfogad\u00e1s\u00e1hoz vezetett a s\u00e9r\u00fcl\u00e9sek cs\u00f6kkent\u00e9se \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A futball j\u00f6v\u0151je<\/h2>\n\n<p>A futball fejl\u0151d\u00e9s\u00e9vel egy\u00fctt a labda kialak\u00edt\u00e1sa is tov\u00e1bb finomodhat. Az anyagok \u00e9s a gy\u00e1rt\u00e1s ter\u00e9n el\u00e9rt technol\u00f3giai fejl\u0151d\u00e9s \u00faj\u00edt\u00e1sokhoz vezethet, amelyek jav\u00edtj\u00e1k a j\u00e1t\u00e9k biztons\u00e1g\u00e1t, teljes\u00edtm\u00e9ny\u00e9t \u00e9s \u00e1ltal\u00e1nos \u00e9lm\u00e9ny\u00e9t.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A futball k\u00fcl\u00f6nleges form\u00e1j\u00e1nak fejl\u0151d\u00e9se A \u201esert\u00e9sb\u0151r\u201c eredete Az amerikai futball ikonikus \u201esert\u00e9sb\u0151re\u201c val\u00f3j\u00e1ban nem diszn\u00f3b\u0151rb\u0151l, hanem marhab\u0151rb\u0151l k\u00e9sz\u00fcl. A becen\u00e9v val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171leg abb\u00f3l a felt\u00e9telez\u00e9sb\u0151l ered, hogy a korai futballlabd\u00e1k&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8175],"tags":[4028,4027,8170,136,8173,8172,8171,8174,1956],"class_list":["post-4499","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sports-science-and-kinesiology","tag-football-history","tag-american-football","tag-cowhide","tag-evolution","tag-shape","tag-prolate-spheroid","tag-pigskin","tag-sports-science","tag-design"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4499","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4499"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4499\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4500,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4499\/revisions\/4500"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4499"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4499"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4499"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}