{"id":18523,"date":"2026-09-13T04:30:23","date_gmt":"2026-09-13T04:30:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=18523"},"modified":"2026-09-13T04:30:23","modified_gmt":"2026-09-13T04:30:23","slug":"catherine-the-great-enlightened-despot","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ko\/uncategorized\/catherine-the-great-enlightened-despot\/","title":{"rendered":"\uce74\ud14c\ub9ac\ub098 \ub300\uc81c: \uacc4\ubabd\ub41c \uc804\uc81c\uad70\uc8fc\uc640 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \ubcc0\ud601"},"content":{"rendered":"

\uce74\ud14c\ub9ac\ub098 \ub300\uc81c: \uacc4\ubabd\ub41c \uc804\uc81c\uad70\uc8fc<\/h2>\n\n

\ucd08\uae30 \uc0dd\uc560\uc640 \uad8c\ub825 \uc7a5\uc545<\/h2>\n\n

\uce74\ud14c\ub9ac\ub098 \ub300\uc81c\ub294 \uc18c\ud53c\uc544 \uc548\ud560\ud2b8-\uc81c\ub974\ube0c\uc2a4\ud2b8 \ucd9c\uc2e0\uc758 \ud504\ub85c\uc774\uc13c \uacf5\uc8fc\ub85c, 1762\ub144\uc5d0 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \ud669\uc81c\uac00 \ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub140\uc758 \uad8c\ub825 \uc0c1\uc2b9\uc740 \uc57c\ub9dd\uacfc \ub0c9\ud639\ud568\uc73c\ub85c \ud2b9\uc9d5\uc9c0\uc5b4\uc84c\uc73c\uba70, \uc5f0\uc778 \uadf8\ub9ac\uace8\ub9ac \uc62c\ub85c\ud504\uc640 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \uac00\ubb38\uc758 \uc9c0\uc6d0\uc744 \ubc1b\uc544 \ub0a8\ud3b8 \ud53c\ud130 3\uc138\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ucfe0\ub370\ud0c0\ub97c \uc77c\uc73c\ucf30\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uce74\ud14c\ub9ac\ub098\uac00 \uc655\uc704\uc5d0 \uc624\ub978 \uc21c\uac04\uc740 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc5d0\uc11c \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc804\ud658\uc810\uc774\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, \uadf8\ub140\ub294 \uc9c4\ubcf4\uc640 \ubaa8\uc21c\uc774 \uacf5\uc874\ud558\ub294 \ud1b5\uce58\ub97c \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n

\uacc4\ubabd\uc8fc\uc758 \uac1c\ud601\uacfc \uc5c5\uc801<\/h2>\n\n

\uce74\ud14c\ub9ac\ub098\ub294 \uacc4\ubabd\uc8fc\uc758 \uc774\ub150\uc744 \uc801\uadf9 \uc639\ud638\ud55c \uc778\ubb3c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uc131, \uad50\uc721, \uc9c4\ubcf4\uc758 \uc6d0\uce59\uc744 \ubbff\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, \uadf8\ub140\uc758 \ud1b5\uce58 \uae30\uac04 \ub3d9\uc548 \ubc95\ub960, \ud589\uc815, \uad50\uc721 \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uac1c\ud601\uc774 \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc84c\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub140\ub294 \ub098\uce74\uc988(Nakaz, \ud639\uc740 Instruction)\ub77c\ub294 \ud3ec\uad04\uc801\uc778 \ubc95\uc804 \ucd08\uc548\uc744 \uc791\uc131\ud588\ub294\ub370, \uc774\ub294 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \ubc95\ub960\uc744 \ud604\ub300\ud654\ud558\uace0 \ub178\uc608\uc81c(\ub18d\ub178\uc81c)\ub97c \ud3d0\uc9c0\ud558\ub824\ub294 \ubaa9\ud45c\ub97c \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub098\uce74\uc988\ub294 \uc644\uc804\ud788 \uc2dc\ud589\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uce74\ud14c\ub9ac\ub098\uac00 \uacc4\ubabd\uc8fc\uc758 \uc6d0\uce59\uc5d0 \uc804\ub150\ud588\uc74c\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n

\uce74\ud14c\ub9ac\ub098\ub294 \ub610\ud55c \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \uc81c\uad6d \ud655\uc7a5\uc5d0 \uc911\uc2ec\uc801\uc778 \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc624\uc2a4\ub9cc \uc81c\uad6d, \uc2a4\uc6e8\ub374, \ud3f4\ub780\ub4dc\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc131\uacf5\uc801\uc778 \uad70\uc0ac \uc791\uc804\uc744 \uc774\ub04c\uc5b4 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\uc758 \uc601\ud1a0\uc640 \uc601\ud5a5\ub825\uc744 \ud06c\uac8c \ud655\ub300\ud588\uc73c\uba70, \uc774 \uc815\ubcf5\uc73c\ub85c \u201c\uc704\ub300\ud55c\u201d\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ubcc4\uba85\uc744 \uc5bb\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n

\ubb38\ud654 \ud6c4\uc6d0\uacfc \uc720\uc0b0<\/h2>\n\n

\ubb38\ud654\uc640 \uc608\uc220\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uce74\ud14c\ub9ac\ub098\uc758 \uc5f4\uc815\uc740 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\uc5d0 \uc9c0\uc18d\uc801\uc778 \uc720\uc0b0\uc744 \ub0a8\uacbc\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub140\ub294 \uadf8\ub9bc, \uc870\uac01, \uc11c\uc801\uc744 \uc5f4\ub82c\ud788 \uc218\uc9d1\ud588\uc73c\uba70, \uadf8 \ud6c4\uc6d0\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc0c1\ud2b8\ud398\ud14c\ub974\ubd80\ub974\ud06c\uc758 \uc5d0\ub974\ubbf8\ud0c0\uc8fc \ubc15\ubb3c\uad00\uc774 \uc138\uacc4 \ucd5c\uace0\uc758 \uc608\uc220 \uc800\uc7a5\uc18c \uc911 \ud558\ub098\ub85c \uc790\ub9ac\ub9e4\uae40\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \ub3c4\uc654\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c \uc2e0\uace0\uc804\uc8fc\uc758 \uc591\uc2dd\uc758 \uad81\uc804\ub4e4\uacfc \ud53c\ud130 \ub300\uc81c\uc758 \uac70\ub300\ud55c \uccad\ub3d9\ub3d9\uc0c1\uc778 \u2018\ube0c\ub860\uc988 \ud638\uc2a4\ub9e8\u2019 \ub4f1 \uc218\ub9ce\uc740 \uac74\ucd95 \ud504\ub85c\uc81d\ud2b8\ub97c \uc758\ub8b0\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uce74\ud14c\ub9ac\ub098\uc758 \ubb38\ud654\uc801 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc740 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\ub97c \uc720\ub7fd \ubb38\ud654\uc640 \uc138\ub828\ub428\uc758 \uc911\uc2ec\uc9c0\ub85c \ubcc0\ubaa8\uc2dc\ucf30\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n

\uac1c\uc778 \uc0dd\ud65c\uacfc \uc624\ud574<\/h2>\n\n

\uce74\ud14c\ub9ac\ub098\uc758 \uc0ac\uc0dd\ud65c\uc740 \ub9ce\uc740 \ucd94\uce21\uacfc \ub17c\ub780\uc758 \ub300\uc0c1\uc774 \ub418\uc5b4 \uc654\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub140\ub294 \uc885\uc885 \ubb34\uc808\uc81c\ud55c \uc131\uc695\uc744 \uac00\uc9c4 \uc5ec\uc131\uc73c\ub85c \ubb18\uc0ac\ub418\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc5ed\uc0ac\uac00\ub4e4\uc740 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc774\ubbf8\uc9c0\uac00 \uacfc\uc7a5\ub41c \uc18c\ubb38\uacfc \uadf8\ub140\ub97c \uae4e\uc544\ub0b4\ub9ac\ub824\ub294 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uc120\uc804\uc5d0\uc11c \ube44\ub86f\ub41c \uac83\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uce74\ud14c\ub9ac\ub098\ub294 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc5f0\uc778\uc744 \ub450\uc5c8\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ub300\uc911\uc801 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\uc5d0 \ub098\uc624\ub294 \ud3b8\ud5a5\ub41c \ubaa8\uc2b5\uacfc\ub294 \uac70\ub9ac\uac00 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n

\ubaa8\uc21c\uacfc \ub3c4\uc804<\/h2>\n\n

\uc5c5\uc801\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0 \uce74\ud14c\ub9ac\ub098\uc758 \ud1b5\uce58\ub294 \ubaa8\uc21c\uc774 \uc5c6\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uacc4\ubabd\uc8fc\uc758 \uc774\ub150\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uadf8\ub140\uc758 \ud5cc\uc2e0\uc740 \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \ub18d\ub178\uc81c\uc640 \uc804\uc81c\uc815\uce58\uac00 \uc9c0\ubc30\ud558\ub358 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \uc0ac\ud68c \ud604\uc2e4\uacfc \ucda9\ub3cc\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uce74\ud14c\ub9ac\ub098\ub294 \uac1c\ud601\uc758 \ud544\uc694\uc131\uc744 \uc778\uc2dd\ud588\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc790\uc2e0\uc744 \uc9c0\uc9c0\ud574 \uc628 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \uadc0\uc871\ub4e4\uc744 \uc18c\uc678\uc2dc\ud0ac\uae4c \ub450\ub824\uc6cc\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc9c4\ubcf4\uc640 \uc804\ud1b5 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uae34\uc7a5\uc740 \uadf8\ub140\ub97c \u2018\uacc4\ubabd\ub41c \uc804\uc81c\uad70\uc8fc\u2019\ub77c\ub294 \ubcf5\ud569\uc801\uc778 \uc720\uc0b0\uc73c\ub85c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n

\ud6c4\uacc4\uc640 \uc720\uc0b0<\/h2>\n\n

1796\ub144 \uce74\ud14c\ub9ac\ub098\uac00 \uc0ac\ub9dd\ud558\uba74\uc11c \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc0c1 \ud55c \uc2dc\ub300\uac00 \ub9c9\uc744 \ub0b4\ub838\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub140\uc758 \uc544\ub4e4 \ud3f4 1\uc138\uac00 \ub4a4\ub97c \uc774\uc5b4 \ub9ce\uc740 \uac1c\ud601\uc744 \ub4a4\uc9d1\uace0 \ubcf4\ub2e4 \ubcf4\uc218\uc801\uc774\uace0 \uc5b5\uc555\uc801\uc778 \uc815\ucc45\uc744 \ucd94\uad6c\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uce74\ud14c\ub9ac\ub098\uc758 \uc720\uc0b0\uc740 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud558\uace0 \ub17c\uc7c1\uc801\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\ub97c \ud604\ub300\ud654\ud55c \uacc4\ubabd\uc8fc\uc758 \uad70\uc8fc\ub85c \ucc2c\uc591\ubc1b\ub294 \ud55c\ud3b8, \uc790\uce58\uc801 \uacbd\ud5a5\uacfc \ub18d\ub178\uc81c \ud3d0\uc9c0\uc5d0 \uc2e4\ud328\ud588\ub2e4\ub294 \ube44\ud310\ub3c4 \ubc1b\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n

\uce74\ud14c\ub9ac\ub098 \ub300\uc81c: \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801 \uc218\uc218\uaed8\ub07c<\/h2>\n\n

\uce74\ud14c\ub9ac\ub098 \ub300\uc81c\ub294 \ubaa8\uc21c\uc758 \uc5ec\uc131, \ube44\uc804 \uc788\ub294 \uac1c\ud601\uac00\uc774\uba74\uc11c\ub3c4 \ubd88\ud3c9\ub4f1\uacfc \uc5b5\uc555\uc774 \ub9cc\uc5f0\ud55c \uc0ac\ud68c\ub97c \ud1b5\uce58\ud55c \uc778\ubb3c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub140\uc758 \ud1b5\uce58\ub294 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\uc758 \ubb38\ud654, \uc601\ud1a0, \uc815\uce58 \uccb4\uc81c\uc5d0 \uc9c0\uc18d\uc801\uc778 \ud754\uc801\uc744 \ub0a8\uacbc\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uce74\ud14c\ub9ac\ub098\uc758 \ubcf5\ud569\uc131\uc744 \uc774\ud574\ud558\ub824\uba74 \uadf8\ub140\uc758 \uc5c5\uc801, \uac1c\uc778 \uc0dd\ud65c, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uaca9\ub3d9\uc758 \uc2dc\ub300\uc5d0 \uc5ec\uc131 \uad70\uc8fc\uac00 \uc9c1\uba74\ud588\ub358 \ub3c4\uc804\ub4e4\uc744 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcfc \ud544\uc694\uac00 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\uce74\ud14c\ub9ac\ub098 \ub300\uc81c: \uacc4\ubabd\ub41c \uc804\uc81c\uad70\uc8fc \ucd08\uae30 \uc0dd\uc560\uc640 \uad8c\ub825 \uc7a5\uc545 \uce74\ud14c\ub9ac\ub098 \ub300\uc81c\ub294 \uc18c\ud53c\uc544 \uc548\ud560\ud2b8-\uc81c\ub974\ube0c\uc2a4\ud2b8 \ucd9c\uc2e0\uc758 \ud504\ub85c\uc774\uc13c \uacf5\uc8fc\ub85c, 1762\ub144\uc5d0 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \ud669\uc81c\uac00 \ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub140\uc758 \uad8c\ub825 \uc0c1\uc2b9\uc740 \uc57c\ub9dd\uacfc \ub0c9\ud639\ud568\uc73c\ub85c \ud2b9\uc9d5\uc9c0\uc5b4\uc84c\uc73c\uba70, \uc5f0\uc778 \uadf8\ub9ac\uace8\ub9ac \uc62c\ub85c\ud504\uc640 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \uac00\ubb38\uc758…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":25578,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[5373,5374,2210,8664,2323,63,22977],"class_list":["post-18523","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-catherine-the-great","tag-empress","tag-enlightenment","tag-reform","tag-russia","tag-culture","tag-contradictions"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18523","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18523"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18523\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25579,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18523\/revisions\/25579"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25578"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18523"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18523"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18523"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}