{"id":10259,"date":"2020-06-01T16:16:00","date_gmt":"2020-06-01T16:16:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=10259"},"modified":"2020-06-01T16:16:00","modified_gmt":"2020-06-01T16:16:00","slug":"growing-and-caring-for-cosmos-a-comprehensive-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/life\/gardening\/growing-and-caring-for-cosmos-a-comprehensive-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"Cultivarea \u0219i \u00eengrijirea cosmosului: Un ghid complet"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cultivarea \u0219i \u00eengrijirea cosmosului: Un ghid complet<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00cengrijire \u0219i \u00eentre\u021binere<\/h2>\n\n<p>Cosmosul este renumit pentru u\u0219urin\u021ba sa de \u00eengrijire, necesit\u00e2nd o aten\u021bie minim\u0103 pentru a prospera. Odat\u0103 stabilite, aceste plante rezistente pot rezista la condi\u021bii de secet\u0103, sol slab \u0219i neglijen\u021b\u0103 general\u0103. Ele posed\u0103 chiar \u0219i abilitatea remarcabil\u0103 de a se auto\u00eens\u0103m\u00e2n\u021ba, asigur\u00e2nd o etalare continu\u0103 de flori vibrante sezon dup\u0103 sezon.<\/p>\n\n<p>Cosmosul este relativ rezistent la d\u0103un\u0103tori, dar unii vinova\u021bi obi\u0219nui\u021bi includ afidele, g\u00e2ndacii purici \u0219i tripsul. Ace\u0219ti d\u0103un\u0103tori pot fi controla\u021bi cu u\u0219urin\u021b\u0103 cu un jet puternic de ap\u0103 sau s\u0103pun insecticid. Bolile care pot afecta cosmosul includ \u00eeng\u0103lbenirea asterilor, ofilirea bacterian\u0103 \u0219i f\u0103inarea. Asigurarea unui flux bun de aer \u0219i \u00eendep\u0103rtarea prompt\u0103 a plantelor infectate pot ajuta la prevenirea acestor probleme.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tipuri de cosmos<\/h2>\n\n<p>Exist\u0103 o gam\u0103 divers\u0103 de specii de cosmos, cu peste 25 de variet\u0103\u021bi cunoscute. Cu toate acestea, trei specii sunt cel mai frecvent cultivate \u00een gr\u0103dini \u0219i amenaj\u0103ri peisagistice:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Cosmos sulphureus:<\/strong> Originar din Mexic \u0219i America Central\u0103, aceast\u0103 specie se m\u00e2ndre\u0219te cu flori galben-aurii \u0219i o natur\u0103 tolerant\u0103 la secet\u0103. Cre\u0219te de la 2 la 6 picioare \u00een\u0103l\u021bime \u0219i produce flori duble \u0219i semi-duble.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cosmos bipinnatus:<\/strong> Cunoscut pentru florile sale colorate asem\u0103n\u0103toare margaretelor \u00een nuan\u021be de alb, roz, ro\u0219u \u0219i portocaliu, aceast\u0103 specie atinge o \u00een\u0103l\u021bime de 1 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 4 picioare. Ofer\u0103 o gam\u0103 larg\u0103 de serii hibride \u0219i este pu\u021bin mai pu\u021bin tolerant la c\u0103ldur\u0103 dec\u00e2t C. sulphureus.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cosmos de ciocolat\u0103 (Cosmos atrosanguineus):<\/strong> O specie separat\u0103 cu flori ro\u0219u \u00eenchis care emit un parfum de ciocolat\u0103. Difer\u0103 de cosmosul anual prin faptul c\u0103 este o plant\u0103 peren\u0103 rezistent\u0103 la zona USDA 7 \u0219i necesit\u0103 mai mult\u0103 \u00eentre\u021binere.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Propagare<\/h2>\n\n<p>Plantele de cosmos se auto\u00eens\u0103m\u00e2n\u021beaz\u0103 cu u\u0219urin\u021b\u0103, ceea ce le face u\u0219or de propagat. Cel mai bun moment pentru propagare este dup\u0103 ce a trecut pericolul de \u00eenghe\u021b. \u00cen timp ce \u00eens\u0103m\u00e2n\u021barea semin\u021belor direct \u00een gr\u0103din\u0103 este cea mai comun\u0103 metod\u0103, este posibil\u0103 \u0219i propagarea prin buta\u0219i de tulpin\u0103:<\/p>\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>T\u0103ia\u021bi o tulpin\u0103 cu 3 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 5 noduri de frunze sub ultimul nod de frunze.<\/li>\n<li>\u00cendep\u0103rta\u021bi frunzele de la ultimul nod de frunze, l\u0103s\u00e2nd nodul intact.<\/li>\n<li>\u00cengropa\u021bi v\u00e2rful t\u0103iat al tulpinii \u00een p\u0103m\u00e2nt umed pentru ghivece, asigur\u00e2ndu-v\u0103 c\u0103 ultimul nod de frunze este deasupra liniei solului.<\/li>\n<li>Uda\u021bi din bel\u0219ug \u0219i men\u021bine\u021bi solul umed.<\/li>\n<li>Transplanta\u021bi buta\u0219ul \u00eenr\u0103d\u0103cinat \u00een loca\u021bia dorit\u0103 odat\u0103 ce apare o nou\u0103 cre\u0219tere a frunzelor.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cre\u0219tere din semin\u021be<\/h2>\n\n<p>Semin\u021bele de cosmos pot fi \u00eencepute \u00een interior cu 4 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 6 s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni \u00eenainte de ultimul \u00eenghe\u021b sau \u00eens\u0103m\u00e2n\u021bate direct \u00een aer liber odat\u0103 ce pericolul de \u00eenghe\u021b a trecut. Aceste plante cu cre\u0219tere rapid\u0103 germineaz\u0103 de obicei \u00een 7 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 21 de zile la 75 de grade Fahrenheit, urmate de \u00eenflorire \u00een aproximativ 50 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 60 de zile.<\/p>\n\n<p>Pentru a \u00eens\u0103m\u00e2n\u021ba semin\u021be \u00een aer liber, sl\u0103bi\u021bi solul la o ad\u00e2ncime de 8 inci \u0219i planta\u021bi semin\u021bele la 1\/4 inch ad\u00e2ncime. Spa\u021bia\u021bi semin\u021bele la 2 picioare distan\u021b\u0103 sau \u00eempr\u0103\u0219tia\u021bi-le \u0219i l\u0103sa\u021bi plantele s\u0103 se sus\u021bin\u0103 reciproc. Mai t\u00e2rziu, r\u0103re\u0219te r\u0103sadurile \u0219i transplanteaz\u0103 cele suplimentare \u00eentr-o alt\u0103 loca\u021bie.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00cengrijirea \u00een ghivece \u0219i replantarea<\/h2>\n\n<p>Atunci c\u00e2nd cultiva\u021bi cosmos \u00een containere, asigura\u021bi-v\u0103 c\u0103 recipientul are g\u0103uri de drenaj pentru a preveni \u00eembinarea apei. Planta\u021bi o plant\u0103 de cosmos pe galon de volum de recipient. Evita\u021bi \u00eembog\u0103\u021birea solului \u00een ghivece, deoarece acest lucru poate duce la o cre\u0219tere lung\u0103 \u0219i l\u0103sat\u0103. Miza\u021bi soiurile \u00eenalte \u00een containere pentru sprijin.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Iernare<\/h2>\n\n<p>Cosmosul este o plant\u0103 anual\u0103 care va muri dup\u0103 \u00eenflorire \u0219i l\u0103sarea semin\u021belor. Cu toate acestea, dac\u0103 dori\u021bi s\u0103 men\u021bine\u021bi un cosmos \u00een ghivece \u00een via\u021b\u0103 pe timpul iernii, asigura\u021bi o lamp\u0103 de cre\u0219tere luminoas\u0103 \u0219i cu soare plin timp de cel pu\u021bin 7 ore pe zi \u0219i \u00eendep\u0103rta\u021bi orice flori care se formeaz\u0103.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00cenflorire<\/h2>\n\n<p>Plantele de cosmos necesit\u0103 soare plin pentru a \u00eenflori abundent. Chiar \u0219i umbra par\u021bial\u0103 poate restric\u021biona \u00eenflorirea. \u00cendep\u0103rtarea florilor ofilite \u00eencurajeaz\u0103 apari\u021bia de noi flori \u0219i prelunge\u0219te sezonul de \u00eenflorire. Tunderea \u00eentre tulpina principal\u0103 \u0219i o frunz\u0103 duce la o \u00eenflorire mai rapid\u0103.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Probleme comune<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ofilirea sau decolorarea frunzelor<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Infec\u021bie fungic\u0103 cu Fusarium: Provoac\u0103 mase roz pe r\u0103d\u0103cini \u0219i moartea plantelor.<\/li>\n<li>Ofilire bacterian\u0103: Provoac\u0103 ofilirea tulpinilor la baza lor \u0219i moartea plantelor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00ceng\u0103lbenirea frunzelor \u0219i c\u0103derea frunzelor<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>F\u0103inare: Creeaz\u0103 o pelicul\u0103 alb\u0103 pe frunze \u0219i le face s\u0103 devin\u0103 galbene \u0219i s\u0103 cad\u0103.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Distorsionarea sau \u00eent\u00e2rzierea cre\u0219terii florilor<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u00ceng\u0103lbenirea asterilor: O boal\u0103 r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit\u0103 de l\u0103custe care provoac\u0103 \u00eeng\u0103lbenirea frunzelor \u0219i flori distorsionate sau atrofiate.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Depanare<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>De ce se ofilesc plantele mele de cosmos?<\/strong> Verifica\u021bi dac\u0103 exist\u0103 semne de infec\u021bie cu Fusarium sau ofilire bacterian\u0103.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cum pot determina cosmosul meu s\u0103 \u00eenfloreasc\u0103 mai abundent?<\/strong> Asigura\u021bi soare plin \u0219i \u00eendep\u0103rta\u021bi \u00een mod regulat florile ofilite.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ce provoac\u0103 \u00eeng\u0103lbenirea frunzelor la plantele mele de cosmos?<\/strong> Examina\u021bi dac\u0103 exist\u0103 semne de f\u0103inare.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cum pot preveni bolile plantelor mele de cosmos?<\/strong> Asigura\u021bi un flux bun de aer, evita\u021bi udarea excesiv\u0103 \u0219i \u00eendep\u0103rta\u021bi prompt plantele infectate.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sfaturi suplimentare<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Cosmosul face flori excelente t\u0103iate.<\/li>\n<li>Soiurile mai \u00eenalte arat\u0103 uimitor \u00een mijlocul sau \u00een spatele bordurilor, \u00een timp ce soiurile mai scurte creeaz\u0103 margini colorate.<\/li>\n<li>Cosmos sulphureus este invaziv \u00een sud-estul Statelor Unite; consulta\u021bi autorit\u0103\u021bile locale pentru restric\u021bii.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cultivarea \u0219i \u00eengrijirea cosmosului: Un ghid complet \u00cengrijire \u0219i \u00eentre\u021binere Cosmosul este renumit pentru u\u0219urin\u021ba sa de \u00eengrijire, necesit\u00e2nd o aten\u021bie minim\u0103 pentru a prospera. Odat\u0103 stabilite, aceste plante rezistente&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8813],"tags":[3671,634,10238,320,8848,252],"class_list":["post-10259","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-gardening","tag-cosmos","tag-flowers","tag-blooms","tag-beauty","tag-gardening","tag-nature"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10259","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10259"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10259\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10260,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10259\/revisions\/10260"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10259"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10259"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10259"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}