{"id":13341,"date":"2019-04-28T04:55:34","date_gmt":"2019-04-28T04:55:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=13341"},"modified":"2019-04-28T04:55:34","modified_gmt":"2019-04-28T04:55:34","slug":"menopause-can-we-blame-men","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/science\/biology\/menopause-can-we-blame-men\/","title":{"rendered":"Menopauza: \u00cei putem \u00eenvinov\u0103\u021bi pe b\u0103rba\u021bi?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Menopauza: \u00cei putem \u00eenvinov\u0103\u021bi pe b\u0103rba\u021bi?<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ce este menopauza?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Menopauza este un proces natural care apare la femei, de obicei, \u00eentre 45 \u0219i 55 de ani. Marcheaz\u0103 sf\u00e2r\u0219itul anilor reproductivi ai unei femei \u0219i este caracterizat\u0103 printr-o sc\u0103dere a produc\u021biei de hormoni estrogen \u0219i progesteron. Aceast\u0103 sc\u0103dere duce la o serie de modific\u0103ri fizice \u0219i emo\u021bionale, inclusiv:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Bufeuri<\/li>\n<li>Dificult\u0103\u021bi de adormire<\/li>\n<li>Interes redus pentru sex<\/li>\n<li>Cre\u0219terea infec\u021biilor vaginale<\/li>\n<li>Schimb\u0103ri de dispozi\u021bie<\/li>\n<li>Oboseal\u0103<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">De ce avem menopauz\u0103?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 au dezb\u0103tut \u00eendelung motivele pentru care oamenii au menopauz\u0103. O ipotez\u0103 comun\u0103 este <strong>ipoteza bunicii<\/strong>, care sugereaz\u0103 c\u0103 menopauza a evoluat pentru a permite femeilor \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103 s\u0103 ajute la cre\u0219terea nepo\u021bilor lor, cresc\u00e2nd astfel \u0219ansele de supravie\u021buire a genelor lor.<\/p>\n\n<p>Cu toate acestea, un studiu recent publicat \u00een revista PLOS Computational Biology contest\u0103 aceast\u0103 ipotez\u0103. Autorul principal al studiului, Rama Singh, sus\u021bine c\u0103 ipoteza bunicii nu explic\u0103 modul \u00een care muta\u021bia genetic\u0103 care provoac\u0103 sterilitate la femeile \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103 a devenit at\u00e2t de comun\u0103 \u00een primul r\u00e2nd.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Alegerea partenerului de c\u0103tre b\u0103rba\u021bi \u0219i menopauza<\/h2>\n\n<p>Studiul lui Singh propune o ipotez\u0103 diferit\u0103: c\u0103 <strong>alegerea partenerului de c\u0103tre b\u0103rba\u021bi<\/strong> ar fi putut juca un rol \u00een evolu\u021bia menopauzei. B\u0103rba\u021bii tind s\u0103 prefere femei mai tinere ca partenere, iar aceast\u0103 preferin\u021b\u0103 ar fi putut duce la acumularea de muta\u021bii care au afectat fertilitatea femeilor mai \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103 \u00een timp.<\/p>\n\n<p>Simul\u0103rile computerizate ale studiului au ar\u0103tat c\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd alegerea partenerului de c\u0103tre b\u0103rba\u021bi a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 la model, a existat o cre\u0219tere a muta\u021biilor care au redus fertilitatea la femeile mai \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103. Aceste muta\u021bii au ajuns \u00een cele din urm\u0103 s\u0103 se fixeze \u00een popula\u021bie, duc\u00e2nd la evolu\u021bia menopauzei.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dovezi \u00een sprijinul ipotezei alegerii partenerului de c\u0103tre b\u0103rba\u021bi<\/h2>\n\n<p>De\u0219i ipoteza alegerii partenerului de c\u0103tre b\u0103rba\u021bi este \u00eenc\u0103 o teorie, exist\u0103 dovezi care o sus\u021bin. De exemplu, studiile au ar\u0103tat c\u0103 este mai probabil ca b\u0103rba\u021bii s\u0103 considere femeile mai tinere mai atractive \u0219i mai dezirabile. \u00cen plus, este mai probabil ca b\u0103rba\u021bii s\u0103 aib\u0103 copii cu femei mai tinere dec\u00e2t cu femei mai \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Menopauza la alte specii<\/h2>\n\n<p>Oamenii nu sunt singura specie care experimenteaz\u0103 menopauza. Unele primate, cum ar fi maimu\u021bele rhesus \u0219i cimpanzeii, trec \u0219i ele prin menopauz\u0103. Cu toate acestea, menopauza este <strong>aproape unic uman\u0103<\/strong> prin faptul c\u0103 apare at\u00e2t de t\u00e2rziu \u00een via\u021b\u0103. Motivele acestei diferen\u021be nu sunt \u00eenc\u0103 pe deplin \u00een\u021belese.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Concluzie<\/h2>\n\n<p>Motivele exacte pentru care oamenii au menopauz\u0103 sunt \u00eenc\u0103 o problem\u0103 de dezbatere. Cu toate acestea, ipoteza alegerii partenerului de c\u0103tre b\u0103rba\u021bi este o nou\u0103 teorie promi\u021b\u0103toare care ar putea ajuta la explicarea acestei enigme evolutive.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Menopauza: \u00cei putem \u00eenvinov\u0103\u021bi pe b\u0103rba\u021bi? Ce este menopauza? Menopauza este un proces natural care apare la femei, de obicei, \u00eentre 45 \u0219i 55 de ani. Marcheaz\u0103 sf\u00e2r\u0219itul anilor reproductivi&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[288],"tags":[17992,136,17993,16088],"class_list":["post-13341","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-biology","tag-male-mate-choice","tag-evolution","tag-grandmother-hypothesis","tag-menopause"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13341","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13341"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13341\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13342,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13341\/revisions\/13342"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13341"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13341"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13341"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}