{"id":14389,"date":"2021-11-17T07:51:17","date_gmt":"2021-11-17T07:51:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=14389"},"modified":"2021-11-17T07:51:17","modified_gmt":"2021-11-17T07:51:17","slug":"hydra-regenerates-lost-heads-genetic-basis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/science\/biology\/hydra-regenerates-lost-heads-genetic-basis\/","title":{"rendered":"Hydra: Animalul nemuritor care \u00ee\u0219i poate regenera capetele pierdute"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hydra: Animalul nemuritor care \u00ee\u0219i poate regenera capetele pierdute<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00cen\u021belegerea abilit\u0103\u021bii unice a Hydrei<\/h2>\n\n<p>Hidrele sunt creaturi fascinante de ap\u0103 dulce care posed\u0103 o abilitate extraordinar\u0103: \u00ee\u0219i pot regenera p\u0103r\u021bile pierdute ale corpului, inclusiv capetele. Aceast\u0103 tr\u0103s\u0103tur\u0103 remarcabil\u0103 le face nemuritoare din punct de vedere biologic, \u00eensemn\u00e2nd c\u0103 pot tr\u0103i la nesf\u00e2r\u0219it dac\u0103 nu sunt ucise de factori externi.<\/p>\n\n<p>Oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 au fost intriga\u021bi mult timp de capacit\u0103\u021bile regenerative ale hidrei, iar cercet\u0103rile recente au scos la lumin\u0103 baza genetic\u0103 din spatele acestei abilit\u0103\u021bi. Studiile au identificat peste 27.000 de elemente genetice care joac\u0103 un rol \u00een regenerarea capului hidrei.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Instruc\u021biuni genetice diferite pentru regenerare \u0219i \u00eenmugurire<\/h2>\n\n<p>Este interesant, cercet\u0103torii au descoperit c\u0103 instruc\u021biunile genetice pentru regenerarea capului variaz\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de procesul implicat. Hidra \u00ee\u0219i poate regenera capetele prin dou\u0103 mecanisme diferite:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Regenerarea capului dup\u0103 r\u0103nire:<\/strong> C\u00e2nd o hidr\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i pierde capul din cauza unei r\u0103ni, aceasta declan\u0219eaz\u0103 un program genetic specific care direc\u021bioneaz\u0103 celulele s\u0103 creasc\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 formeze un nou cap.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00cenmugurire:<\/strong> Hidra se poate reproduce \u0219i asexuat prin \u00eenmugurire, unde un nou polip (\u00een esen\u021b\u0103 un duplicat al p\u0103rintelui) cre\u0219te din corp. \u00cenmugurirea necesit\u0103 cre\u0219terea unui al doilea cap, dar programul genetic implicat este distinct de cel al regener\u0103rii capului dup\u0103 r\u0103nire.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Traiectoria expresiei genetice<\/h2>\n\n<p>Traiectoria expresiei genetice, sau modelul modului \u00een care genele sunt activate \u0219i dezactivate, este diferit\u0103 \u00een regenerarea capului \u0219i \u00eenmugurire. \u00cen \u00eenmugurire, expresia genetic\u0103 cre\u0219te lent \u0219i constant de-a lungul timpului. \u00cens\u0103, \u00een regenerarea capului dup\u0103 r\u0103nire, exist\u0103 schimb\u0103ri bru\u0219te \u00een expresia genetic\u0103. Acest lucru sugereaz\u0103 c\u0103, de\u0219i rezultatul final (un nou cap) este acela\u0219i, c\u0103ile genetice implicate sunt foarte diferite.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Implica\u021bii pentru dezvoltarea uman\u0103<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u00cen\u021belegerea mecanismelor genetice din spatele abilit\u0103\u021bilor regenerative ale hidrei ar putea avea implica\u021bii semnificative pentru dezvoltarea uman\u0103. Studiind cum hidra \u00ee\u0219i regenereaz\u0103 \u021besuturile pierdute, oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 sper\u0103 s\u0103 ob\u021bin\u0103 informa\u021bii despre cum celulele umane pot fi direc\u021bionate s\u0103 repare \u021besuturile deteriorate sau chiar s\u0103 regenereze membre pierdute.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 suspecteaz\u0103 planuri multiple de cre\u0219tere a capului<\/h2>\n\n<p>Descoperirea c\u0103 instruc\u021biunile genetice ale hidrei pentru regenerarea capului variaz\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de proces a dus oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 s\u0103 suspecteze c\u0103 aceste animale ar putea avea seturi complet diferite de planuri de cre\u0219tere a capului pentru fiecare proces. Aceasta este o arie de cercetare interesant\u0103 care ar putea dezv\u0103lui poten\u021bial noi strategii pentru regenerarea \u021besuturilor la oameni.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Concluzie<\/h2>\n\n<p>Abilitatea remarcabil\u0103 a hidrei de a-\u0219i regenera capetele pierdute este o dovad\u0103 a complexit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i adaptabilit\u0103\u021bii incredibile a organismelor vii. Studiind baza genetic\u0103 a acestei abilit\u0103\u021bi, oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 ob\u021bin cuno\u0219tin\u021be valoroase despre procesele fundamentale ale regener\u0103rii \u0219i dezvolt\u0103rii \u021besuturilor, cu posibile implica\u021bii pentru s\u0103n\u0103tatea \u0219i medicina uman\u0103.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hydra: Animalul nemuritor care \u00ee\u0219i poate regenera capetele pierdute \u00cen\u021belegerea abilit\u0103\u021bii unice a Hydrei Hidrele sunt creaturi fascinante de ap\u0103 dulce care posed\u0103 o abilitate extraordinar\u0103: \u00ee\u0219i pot regenera p\u0103r\u021bile&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[288],"tags":[19335,666,5100,188,19333,356,19334],"class_list":["post-14389","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-biology","tag-immortal-animals","tag-life-science-art","tag-developmental-biology","tag-genetics","tag-hydra","tag-tissue-engineering","tag-regeneration"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14389","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14389"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14389\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14390,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14389\/revisions\/14390"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14389"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14389"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14389"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}