{"id":15141,"date":"2021-09-25T08:39:36","date_gmt":"2021-09-25T08:39:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=15141"},"modified":"2021-09-25T08:39:36","modified_gmt":"2021-09-25T08:39:36","slug":"joseph-hayne-rainey-first-african-american-congressman","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/uncategorized\/joseph-hayne-rainey-first-african-american-congressman\/","title":{"rendered":"Joseph Hayne Rainey: Primul congresman afro-american"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Joseph Hayne Rainey: Primul Congresman Afro-American<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Na\u0219tere \u0219i tinere\u021be<\/h2>\n\n<p>Joseph Hayne Rainey s-a n\u0103scut sclav \u00een Georgetown, Carolina de Sud, \u00een 1832. \u00cen ciuda limit\u0103rilor impuse sclavilor, tat\u0103l lui Rainey, Edward, a reu\u0219it s\u0103 c\u00e2\u0219tige suficien\u021bi bani pentru a-\u0219i cump\u0103ra propria libertate \u0219i, \u00een cele din urm\u0103, \u0219i a familiei sale.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">R\u0103zboiul Civil \u0219i emigrarea<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u00cen timpul R\u0103zboiului Civil, Rainey a fost \u00eenrolat \u00een armata confederat\u0103. Cu toate acestea, el a sc\u0103pat mai t\u00e2rziu \u00een Bermuda, unde a lucrat ca frizer \u0219i a dob\u00e2ndit o educa\u021bie rudimentar\u0103.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cariera politic\u0103<\/h2>\n\n<p>Dup\u0103 r\u0103zboi, Rainey s-a \u00eentors \u00een Carolina de Sud \u0219i a devenit activ \u00een politic\u0103. A servit \u00een Senatul statului Carolina de Sud \u0219i a fost ales \u00een Camera Reprezentan\u021bilor a SUA \u00een 1870, devenind primul afro-american care a de\u021binut aceast\u0103 func\u021bie.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Provoc\u0103ri \u0219i realiz\u0103ri<\/h2>\n\n<p>Cariera politic\u0103 a lui Rainey a fost marcat\u0103 at\u00e2t de provoc\u0103ri, c\u00e2t \u0219i de realiz\u0103ri. S-a confruntat cu rasismul \u0219i discriminarea din partea supremaci\u0219tilor albi, inclusiv amenin\u021b\u0103ri cu violen\u021b\u0103 \u0219i chiar o tentativ\u0103 de asasinat. \u00cen ciuda acestor obstacole, Rainey a devenit un avocat vocal pentru drepturile civile \u0219i drepturile de vot pentru afro-americani. A jucat un rol cheie \u00een adoptarea Legii Ku Klux Klan \u0219i a Legii drepturilor civile din 1875.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Era Reconstruc\u021biei<\/h2>\n\n<p>Timpul lui Rainey \u00een Congres a coincis cu era Reconstruc\u021biei, o perioad\u0103 de schimb\u0103ri sociale \u0219i politice semnificative \u00een Sud dup\u0103 R\u0103zboiul Civil. Afro-americanii au c\u00e2\u0219tigat noi drepturi \u0219i oportunit\u0103\u021bi, dar s-au confruntat \u0219i cu rezisten\u021b\u0103 \u0219i violen\u021b\u0103 din partea supremaci\u0219tilor albi. Rainey a fost martor direct la luptele \u0219i triumfurile acestei perioade tumultoase.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Masacrul de la Hamburg \u0219i violen\u021ba politic\u0103<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u00cen 1876, Rainey a denun\u021bat Masacrul de la Hamburg, un atac al supremaci\u0219tilor albi asupra unei mili\u021bii negre din Carolina de Sud. A condamnat violen\u021ba \u0219i a cerut \u00eencetarea suprim\u0103rii drepturilor afro-americanilor.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Compromisul din 1877 \u0219i sf\u00e2r\u0219itul Reconstruc\u021biei<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u00cen 1877, un compromis \u00eentre republicani \u0219i democra\u021bi a dus la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul Reconstruc\u021biei. Trupele federale au fost retrase din Sud, iar supremaci\u0219tii albi au rec\u0103p\u0103tat controlul asupra multor guverne de stat. Cariera politic\u0103 a lui Rainey a fost \u00eentrerupt\u0103 ca urmare a acestui compromis.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mo\u0219tenire<\/h2>\n\n<p>Mo\u0219tenirea lui Joseph Hayne Rainey ca pionier al drepturilor civile \u0219i avocat pentru afro-americani continu\u0103 s\u0103 inspire genera\u021bii. Curajul, determinarea \u0219i angajamentul s\u0103u neclintit fa\u021b\u0103 de justi\u021bie l-au f\u0103cut un simbol al luptei pentru egalitate \u0219i al puterii perseveren\u021bei.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Fapte suplimentare<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Rainey a fost primul afro-american care a prezidat Camera Reprezentan\u021bilor a SUA ca pre\u0219edinte pro tempore.<\/li>\n<li>A fost membru al Comitetului pentru afaceri indiene al Camerei \u0219i un campion al drepturilor nativilor americani.<\/li>\n<li>Fiica sa, Olive, a fost un membru activ al Asocia\u021biei Na\u021bionale pentru Progresul Persoanelor de Culoare (NAACP).<\/li>\n<li>Casa familiei Rainey din Georgetown, Carolina de Sud, este \u00eenscris\u0103 \u00een Registrul Na\u021bional al Locurilor Istorice.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Joseph Hayne Rainey: Primul Congresman Afro-American Na\u0219tere \u0219i tinere\u021be Joseph Hayne Rainey s-a n\u0103scut sclav \u00een Georgetown, Carolina de Sud, \u00een 1832. \u00cen ciuda limit\u0103rilor impuse sclavilor, tat\u0103l lui Rainey,&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[20210,1879,1080,3914,20211,489,1565,765],"class_list":["post-15141","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-congress","tag-civil-rights","tag-african-american-history","tag-united-states-history","tag-joseph-hayne-rainey","tag-politics","tag-reconstruction","tag-slavery"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15141","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15141"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15141\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15142,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15141\/revisions\/15142"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15141"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15141"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15141"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}