{"id":15458,"date":"2020-06-23T17:04:16","date_gmt":"2020-06-23T17:04:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=15458"},"modified":"2020-06-23T17:04:16","modified_gmt":"2020-06-23T17:04:16","slug":"coffee-journey-east-west","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/life\/culinary-culture\/coffee-journey-east-west\/","title":{"rendered":"Cafeaua: O c\u0103l\u0103torie de la R\u0103s\u0103rit la Apus"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cafeaua: O c\u0103l\u0103torie de la R\u0103s\u0103rit la Apus<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Origini \u0219i r\u0103sp\u00e2ndire<\/h3>\n\n<p>Originile cafelei pot fi urm\u0103rite p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een Etiopia, unde probabil a fost consumat\u0103 pentru prima dat\u0103 \u00een jurul secolului al X-lea \u00ee.Hr. Din Etiopia, cafeaua s-a r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit \u00een Yemen \u0219i mai departe, ajung\u00e2nd \u00een cele din urm\u0103 la Mecca \u0219i Cairo la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul secolului al XV-lea.<\/p>\n\n<p>Odat\u0103 cu ascensiunea Imperiului Otoman, cafenelele au devenit locuri de \u00eent\u00e2lnire populare \u00een toat\u0103 Peninsula Arabic\u0103. Aceste localuri ofereau oamenilor un spa\u021biu pentru socializare \u0219i relaxare, \u00een special musulmanilor c\u0103rora le era interzis consumul de vin.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Perspective religioase<\/h3>\n\n<p>De-a lungul secolelor, cafeaua a f\u0103cut obiectul unor dezbateri \u0219i controverse religioase. Unele autorit\u0103\u021bi musulmane considerau cafenelele o amenin\u021bare la adresa moscheilor ca locuri centrale de adunare. Cu toate acestea, pentru adep\u021bii sufi, cafeaua \u00eei ajuta s\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 treji \u00een timpul slujbelor de rug\u0103ciune.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u00cen Europa, cafeaua a fost \u00eent\u00e2mpinat\u0103 ini\u021bial cu suspiciune de unii catolici, care au etichetat-o drept \u201eamara inven\u021bie a lui Satana\u201d. Cu toate acestea, dup\u0103 ce Papa Clement al VIII-lea a \u00eencercat cafeaua \u0219i a declarat-o delicioas\u0103, popularitatea acesteia a crescut vertiginos.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Evolu\u021bia metodelor de preparare a cafelei<\/h3>\n\n<p>Pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce cafeaua s-a r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit \u00een \u00eentreaga lume, oamenii au dezvoltat diverse metode de preparare \u0219i consum a acesteia. \u00cen Etiopia, boabele erau m\u0103cinate \u0219i amestecate cu gr\u0103sime animal\u0103 pentru a oferi energie rapid\u0103 solda\u021bilor \u0219i v\u00e2n\u0103torilor.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u00cen timp, au ap\u0103rut tehnici elaborate de preparare a cafelei \u00een diferite comunit\u0103\u021bi. Expozi\u021bia de la Muzeul de Art\u0103 Islamic\u0103 din Ierusalim prezint\u0103 o gam\u0103 larg\u0103 de echipamente pentru prepararea cafelei din diferite culturi, inclusiv suporturi ornate pentru ce\u0219ti turce\u0219ti, aparate moderne de espresso italiene \u0219i cafetiere beduine din resturi metalice.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Impact social \u0219i cultural<\/h3>\n\n<p>Cafenelele au jucat un rol semnificativ \u00een schimbul social \u0219i cultural. Acestea au oferit un loc de \u00eent\u00e2lnire pentru oameni din toate categoriile sociale, favoriz\u00e2nd discu\u021biile \u0219i schimbul de idei.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u00cen secolele XVI \u0219i XVII, unele femei se deghizau \u00een b\u0103rba\u021bi pentru a intra \u00een cafenele rezervate exclusiv b\u0103rba\u021bilor, \u00een timp ce altele protestau \u00eempotriva excluderii lor \u0219i \u00ee\u0219i \u00eenfiin\u021bau propriile localuri prietenoase cu femeile. Aceast\u0103 tendin\u021b\u0103 a dus la apari\u021bia \u201ekaffeeklatsch\u201d-ului european, o adunare caracterizat\u0103 prin cafea \u0219i conversa\u021bie.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cultura cafelei \u00een Palestina<\/h3>\n\n<p>Expozi\u021bia eviden\u021biaz\u0103 convergen\u021ba tradi\u021biilor arabe \u0219i europene ale cafelei \u00een Palestina. Templierii cre\u0219tini germani \u0219i evreii europeni care s-au stabilit \u00een regiune \u00een secolul al XIX-lea au \u00eenfiin\u021bat cafenele \u00een stil european \u00een Ierusalim.<\/p>\n\n<p>Ulterior, for\u021bele de ocupa\u021bie britanice au crescut \u0219i mai mult cererea de cafenele. La \u00eenceputul secolului al XX-lea, Pia\u021ba Sion din Ierusalim a devenit un centru at\u00e2t pentru cafeaua turco-arab\u0103 de diminea\u021b\u0103, c\u00e2t \u0219i pentru cafeaua \u00een stil european la Caf\u00e9 Europa dup\u0103-amiaza.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Influen\u021be artistice \u0219i de design<\/h3>\n\n<p>Cafeaua a inspirat arti\u0219ti \u0219i designeri de-a lungul istoriei. Expozi\u021bia prezint\u0103 o mic\u0103 cea\u0219c\u0103 din secolul al XVIII-lea cu un loc special pentru opium, demonstr\u00e2nd modurile imaginative \u00een care a fost consumat\u0103 cafeaua.<\/p>\n\n<p>Arhitec\u021bii, designerii \u0219i al\u021bi profesioni\u0219ti au creat o gam\u0103 larg\u0103 de articole legate de cafea, reflect\u00e2nd propriile lor perspective artistice \u0219i profesionale.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cafeaua: O c\u0103l\u0103torie de la R\u0103s\u0103rit la Apus Origini \u0219i r\u0103sp\u00e2ndire Originile cafelei pot fi urm\u0103rite p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een Etiopia, unde probabil a fost consumat\u0103 pentru prima dat\u0103 \u00een jurul secolului&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20592],"tags":[9,12136,63,1956,27,837],"class_list":["post-15458","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-culinary-culture","tag-art","tag-coffee","tag-culture","tag-design","tag-history","tag-religion"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15458","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15458"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15458\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15459,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15458\/revisions\/15459"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15458"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15458"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15458"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}