{"id":15827,"date":"2020-03-28T03:53:17","date_gmt":"2020-03-28T03:53:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=15827"},"modified":"2020-03-28T03:53:17","modified_gmt":"2020-03-28T03:53:17","slug":"fall-armyworms-unprecedented-invasion","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/science\/entomology\/fall-armyworms-unprecedented-invasion\/","title":{"rendered":"Viermi de toamn\u0103: O invazie f\u0103r\u0103 precedent"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Viermi de toamn\u0103: O invazie f\u0103r\u0103 precedent<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Introducere<\/h2>\n\n<p>Viermii de toamn\u0103, o specie invaziv\u0103 de omizi, fac ravagii pe gazoane \u0219i culturi \u00een Statele Unite la o scar\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 precedent. Ace\u0219ti d\u0103un\u0103tori voraci pot transforma iarba verde luxuriant\u0103 \u00een maro \u00een c\u00e2teva ore, l\u0103s\u00e2nd \u00een urm\u0103 o urm\u0103 de devastare.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Biologie \u0219i comportament<\/h2>\n\n<p>Viermii de toamn\u0103 sunt larvele unor molii care pot parcurge sute de mile \u00eentr-o singur\u0103 zi. Ele \u00ee\u0219i depun ou\u0103le pe frunze, iarb\u0103 \u0219i alte plante, iar ou\u0103le eclozeaz\u0103 \u00een omizi \u00een decurs de o s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103. Omizile au un cap distinctiv \u00een form\u0103 de Y \u0219i trei dungi care le str\u0103bat corpul.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Impactul asupra gazoanelor \u0219i culturilor<\/h2>\n\n<p>Dup\u0103 ce eclozeaz\u0103, viermii de toamn\u0103 se hr\u0103nesc cu r\u0103d\u0103cinile \u0219i frunzele plantelor, provoc\u00e2nd daune rapide \u0219i epuizarea nutrien\u021bilor. Gazoanele pot deveni maro \u00een mai pu\u021bin de 48 de ore, \u00een timp ce culturile pot suferi pierderi severe de randament.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Factori care contribuie la infestare<\/h2>\n\n<p>Infestarea cu viermi de toamn\u0103 din acest an este deosebit de grav\u0103 din cauza mai multor factori, inclusiv:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Modele meteorologice favorabile care au permis moliilor s\u0103 se disperseze pe scar\u0103 larg\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 depun\u0103 ou\u0103 \u00een zone noi<\/li>\n<li>Popula\u021bii mari de viermi de toamn\u0103 \u00een anii preceden\u021bi<\/li>\n<li>Reducerea pr\u0103d\u0103torilor naturali din cauza utiliz\u0103rii pesticidelor<\/li>\n<li>Susceptibilitatea anumitor specii de iarb\u0103 la daunele cauzate de viermii de toamn\u0103<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Management \u0219i control<\/h2>\n\n<p>Insecticidele sunt cea mai eficient\u0103 metod\u0103 de combatere a viermilor de toamn\u0103. Cu toate acestea, ele trebuie aplicate rapid pentru a preveni daune semnificative. \u00cens\u0103m\u00e2n\u021ba\u021bi din nou numai dup\u0103 ce a trecut amenin\u021barea unui al doilea val de ecloziuni.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gestionarea a\u0219tept\u0103rilor<\/h2>\n\n<p>Chiar \u0219i cu o gestionare adecvat\u0103, este important de men\u021bionat c\u0103 viermii de toamn\u0103 pot fi dificil de controlat complet. Concentra\u021bi-v\u0103 pe gestionarea popula\u021biilor \u0219i minimizarea daunelor, mai degrab\u0103 dec\u00e2t pe eliminarea lor complet\u0103.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Strategii pe termen lung<\/h2>\n\n<p>Pentru a reduce impactul viermilor de toamn\u0103 pe termen lung, lua\u021bi \u00een considerare urm\u0103toarele strategii:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Planta\u021bi specii de iarb\u0103 rezistente<\/li>\n<li>\u00cencuraja\u021bi pr\u0103d\u0103torii naturali, cum ar fi p\u0103s\u0103rile \u0219i viespile parazite<\/li>\n<li>Utiliza\u021bi practici culturale, cum ar fi rota\u021bia culturilor \u0219i irigarea adecvat\u0103, pentru a face mediul mai pu\u021bin favorabil viermilor de toamn\u0103<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Informa\u021bii suplimentare<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Viermii de toamn\u0103 sunt originari din America, dar s-au r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit \u0219i \u00een alte p\u0103r\u021bi ale lumii, inclusiv \u00een Africa \u0219i Asia.<\/li>\n<li>Omizile se pot hr\u0103ni cu peste 80 de specii diferite de plante, inclusiv porumb, soia \u0219i bumbac.<\/li>\n<li>\u00cen infest\u0103ri grave, viermii de toamn\u0103 pot provoca daune culturilor de milioane de dolari.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Apel la ac\u021biune<\/h2>\n\n<p>Dac\u0103 suspecta\u021bi c\u0103 gazonul sau culturile dumneavoastr\u0103 sunt afectate de viermi de toamn\u0103, contacta\u021bi biroul local de extensie agricol\u0103 pentru asisten\u021b\u0103. Detectarea \u0219i gestionarea timpurie sunt esen\u021biale pentru minimizarea daunelor \u0219i protejarea plantelor dumneavoastr\u0103 valoroase.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Viermi de toamn\u0103: O invazie f\u0103r\u0103 precedent Introducere Viermii de toamn\u0103, o specie invaziv\u0103 de omizi, fac ravagii pe gazoane \u0219i culturi \u00een Statele Unite la o scar\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 precedent.&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9413],"tags":[99,11179,8864,6929,286,21031],"class_list":["post-15827","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-entomology","tag-lifescienceart","tag-pest-management","tag-lawn-care","tag-crop-protection","tag-invasive-species","tag-fall-armyworms"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15827","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15827"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15827\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15828,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15827\/revisions\/15828"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15827"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15827"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15827"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}