{"id":16232,"date":"2020-04-26T12:05:17","date_gmt":"2020-04-26T12:05:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=16232"},"modified":"2020-04-26T12:05:17","modified_gmt":"2020-04-26T12:05:17","slug":"ice-needles-sculpt-stone-patterns-in-frigid-landscapes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/science\/earth-science\/ice-needles-sculpt-stone-patterns-in-frigid-landscapes\/","title":{"rendered":"Ace de ghea\u021b\u0103: sculptorii modelelor de piatr\u0103 din peisajele reci"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ace de ghea\u021b\u0103: Sculptori ai modelelor de piatr\u0103 \u00een peisaje reci<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ace de ghea\u021b\u0103 \u0219i pietre de labirint<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u00cen regiunile reci din \u00eentreaga lume, oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 au observat modele complexe de pietre \u0219i caneluri gravate \u00een p\u0103m\u00e2nt. Aceste modele, inclusiv cercuri, r\u00e2nduri \u0219i v\u00e2rtejuri, sunt formate de mi\u0219carea pietrelor pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce cristale mici de ghea\u021b\u0103 asem\u0103n\u0103toare unor fire, cunoscute sub numele de ace de ghea\u021b\u0103, ies din p\u0103m\u00e2ntul \u00eenghe\u021bat.<\/p>\n\n<p>Pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce acele de ghea\u021b\u0103 \u00eenghea\u021b\u0103 \u0219i se dezghea\u021b\u0103, \u00eemping pietricelele \u00eentr-o parte, form\u00e2nd treptat formele complexe. Aceste modele amintesc de cele g\u0103site \u00een gr\u0103dinile zen japoneze.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Experimente de laborator \u0219i modelare pe calculator<\/h2>\n\n<p>Cercet\u0103torii au speculat de mult c\u0103 v\u00e2rfurile cristalelor de ghea\u021b\u0103 ar putea mi\u0219ca solul \u0219i rocile pentru a forma aceste modele, dar acest lucru a fost confirmat abia recent prin experimente de laborator \u0219i modelare pe calculator.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u00centr-un studiu publicat \u00een Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, cercet\u0103torii au demonstrat cum acele de ghea\u021b\u0103 care ies prin p\u0103m\u00e2nt pot mi\u0219ca treptat rocile \u0219i solul \u00een forme geometrice \u0219i organice.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Formarea acelor de ghea\u021b\u0103<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ace de ghea\u021b\u0103 se dezvolt\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd temperatura aerului \u0219i temperatura solului umed sunt diferite. Noaptea, unele tipuri de sol se contract\u0103 pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce temperaturile scad, atr\u0103g\u00e2nd apa \u00een sus \u0219i determin\u00e2nd-o s\u0103 se lipeasc\u0103 de p\u0103r\u021bile laterale ale porilor \u00eengusti din p\u0103m\u00e2nt.<\/p>\n\n<p>Pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce apa este extras\u0103 din p\u0103m\u00e2nt, aerul rece o \u00eenghea\u021b\u0103, transform\u00e2nd-o \u00een structuri mici, ascu\u021bite, asem\u0103n\u0103toare cristalelor.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Crearea modelelor \u00een laborator<\/h2>\n\n<p>Pentru a crea v\u00e2rtejurile \u0219i crestele \u00eentr-un cadru de laborator, cercet\u0103torii au plasat pietricele deasupra unei t\u0103vi umplute cu sol umed cu granula\u021bie fin\u0103. Apoi au \u00eenghe\u021bat \u0219i dezghe\u021bat peisajul \u00een miniatur\u0103 \u00een mod repetat, cre\u00e2nd condi\u021bii diferite pentru a observa cum se mi\u0219cau pietricelele pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce ghea\u021ba se topea.<\/p>\n\n<p>C\u00e2nd solul umed nu era \u00eenghe\u021bat, dar temperatura aerului a sc\u0103zut sub punctul de \u00eenghe\u021b, ace de ghea\u021b\u0103 au ie\u0219it prin sol ca iarba care \u00eencol\u021be\u0219te. Acele au crescut c\u00e2\u021biva centimetri \u00een\u0103l\u021bime, ridic\u00e2nd pietricelele de pe p\u0103m\u00e2nt. C\u00e2nd temperatura a crescut, pietrele au c\u0103zut de pe ghea\u021b\u0103 \u0219i s-au rostogolit \u00eentr-o parte.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00cen timp: Formarea grupurilor \u0219i modelelor de piatr\u0103<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u00cen timp, procesul de \u00eenghe\u021b-dezghe\u021b a cur\u0103\u021bat petice de sol expus \u0219i, \u00een cele din urm\u0103, pietrele s-au deplasat \u00een grupuri, cre\u00e2nd modele mai mari. Pe teren plat, pietrele au format tablouri ame\u021bitoare de v\u00e2rtejuri \u0219i bucle, \u00een timp ce pe teren \u00eenclinat au format r\u00e2nduri ordonate.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Factori care influen\u021beaz\u0103 formarea modelelor<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ritmul \u0219i forma modelelor depind de diver\u0219i factori, inclusiv:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Num\u0103rul \u0219i densitatea pietrelor<\/li>\n<li>Umiditatea solului<\/li>\n<li>\u00cen\u0103l\u021bimea acelor de ghea\u021b\u0103<\/li>\n<li>Panta terenului<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Modele mar\u021biene poten\u021biale<\/h2>\n\n<p>Unii exper\u021bi cred c\u0103 o versiune a acestor cicluri de \u00eenghe\u021b-dezghe\u021b ar putea fi creat modelele observate pe suprafa\u021ba lui Marte. Solul de pe Planeta Ro\u0219ie a prezentat dovezi ale unor mici cristale de ghea\u021b\u0103 \u0219i, pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce solul se \u00eenc\u0103lze\u0219te, este posibil s\u0103 se extind\u0103 doar pentru a se contracta din nou dup\u0103 ce \u00eencepe s\u0103 se r\u0103ceasc\u0103.<\/p>\n\n<p>De\u0219i procesul este mai subtil pe Marte, ar putea fi suficient pentru a deplasa pietricele \u0219i praful \u00een timp.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Implica\u021bii pentru schimb\u0103rile climatice<\/h2>\n\n<p>Rezultatele studiului demonstreaz\u0103 puterea combin\u0103rii experimentelor de laborator cu modelarea pe calculator pentru a \u00een\u021belege comportamentul peisajului natural. Aceast\u0103 abordare poate duce la o mai bun\u0103 \u00een\u021belegere a modului \u00een care aceste comportamente s-ar putea schimba pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce clima se \u00eenc\u0103lze\u0219te.<\/p>\n\n<p>Studiind formarea modelelor de piatr\u0103 \u00een peisaje reci, cercet\u0103torii pot ob\u021bine informa\u021bii despre procesele care modeleaz\u0103 suprafa\u021ba planetei noastre \u0219i despre poten\u021bialele impacturi ale schimb\u0103rilor climatice.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ace de ghea\u021b\u0103: Sculptori ai modelelor de piatr\u0103 \u00een peisaje reci Ace de ghea\u021b\u0103 \u0219i pietre de labirint \u00cen regiunile reci din \u00eentreaga lume, oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 au observat modele&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[212],"tags":[21534,21533,21531,34,572,21532],"class_list":["post-16232","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-earth-science","tag-natural-art","tag-frigid-landscapes","tag-ice-needles","tag-climate-change","tag-earth-science","tag-stone-patterns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16232","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16232"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16232\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16233,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16232\/revisions\/16233"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16232"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16232"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16232"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}