{"id":17767,"date":"2020-05-21T13:26:47","date_gmt":"2020-05-21T13:26:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=17767"},"modified":"2020-05-21T13:26:47","modified_gmt":"2020-05-21T13:26:47","slug":"fda-approves-first-over-the-counter-birth-control-pill-increasing-access-to-contraception","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/science\/medicine\/fda-approves-first-over-the-counter-birth-control-pill-increasing-access-to-contraception\/","title":{"rendered":"Prima pilul\u0103 contraceptiv\u0103 eliberat\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 prescrip\u021bie medical\u0103, acces mai larg la contracep\u021bie sigur\u0103"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">FDA aprob\u0103 prima pilul\u0103 contraceptiv\u0103 eliberat\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 prescrip\u021bie medical\u0103<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Acces crescut la contracep\u021bie sigur\u0103 \u0219i eficient\u0103<\/h2>\n\n<p>Joi, Agen\u021bia SUA pentru Alimente \u0219i Medicamente (FDA) a luat o decizie monumental\u0103 prin aprobarea primului contraceptiv oral zilnic pentru uz f\u0103r\u0103 prescrip\u021bie medical\u0103 (OTC). Acest medicament revolu\u021bionar, numit Opill, a fost aprobat ini\u021bial \u00een 1973, dar p\u00e2n\u0103 acum, utilizatorii aveau nevoie de re\u021bet\u0103 pentru a-l accesa.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Importan\u021ba contracep\u021biei eliberate f\u0103r\u0103 prescrip\u021bie medical\u0103<\/h2>\n\n<p>Melissa Simon, cercet\u0103toare \u00een domeniul ginecologiei clinice la Universitatea Northwestern, subliniaz\u0103 importan\u021ba contracep\u021biei OTC. \u201eAcesta este un pas uria\u0219 \u00eenainte\u201d, spune ea. \u201eContracep\u021bia OTC este disponibil\u0103 \u00een peste 100 de \u021b\u0103ri, a\u0219a c\u0103 am r\u0103mas \u00een urm\u0103 \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te furnizarea de metode sigure \u0219i eficiente precum aceast\u0103 pilul\u0103 contraceptiv\u0103 oral\u0103 persoanelor care \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 previn\u0103 sarcina.\u201d<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Eficacitatea pilulelor contraceptive<\/h2>\n\n<p>Pilulele contraceptive sunt una dintre cele mai populare forme de contracep\u021bie. \u00cen 2018, aproximativ 20% dintre utilizatorii de contraceptive cu v\u00e2rste cuprinse \u00eentre 15 \u0219i 49 de ani luau o pilul\u0103. Pilulele contraceptive orale sunt p\u00e2n\u0103 la 99% eficiente \u00een prevenirea sarcinii atunci c\u00e2nd sunt luate zilnic. Opill, \u00een mod specific, s-a dovedit a fi eficient \u00een propor\u021bie de 93%, potrivit NBC News.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tipuri de pilule contraceptive<\/h2>\n\n<p>Exist\u0103 dou\u0103 tipuri principale de pilule contraceptive: pilule combinate \u0219i minipilule. Cele mai comune pilule combinate con\u021bin hormonii estrogen \u0219i progestin. Minipilulele, inclusiv Opill, con\u021bin doar progestin.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Abordarea preocup\u0103rilor<\/h2>\n\n<p>Comitetul FDA a avut c\u00e2teva preocup\u0103ri cu privire la Opill, cum ar fi poten\u021bialele sale efecte secundare, care pot include s\u00e2nger\u0103ri vaginale, dureri de cap, crampe sau ame\u021beli. \u00cen plus, persoanele cu antecedente de cancer de s\u00e2n nu ar trebui s\u0103 ia pilula, deoarece aceasta ar putea promova cre\u0219terea tumorii. Cu toate acestea, comitetul a decis \u00een cele din urm\u0103 c\u0103 persoanele pot face alegerea dac\u0103 utilizarea pilulei este potrivit\u0103 pentru ele.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Extinderea accesului la contracep\u021bie<\/h2>\n\n<p>Organiza\u021bii precum Academia American\u0103 de Pediatrie \u0219i Asocia\u021bia Medical\u0103 American\u0103 (AMA) au aplaudat decizia FDA, spun\u00e2nd c\u0103 aceasta va ajuta la furnizarea a milioane de pacien\u021bi cu un acces mai larg la \u00eengrijiri de s\u0103n\u0103tate reproductiv\u0103 sigure \u0219i eficiente.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u201e\u00centr-un moment \u00een care serviciile de \u00eengrijire a s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii reproductive devin din ce \u00een ce mai limitate, iar clinicile de s\u0103n\u0103tate reproductiv\u0103 se \u00eenchid \u00een mai multe state, \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea accesului la contraceptive orale este extrem de important\u0103\u201d, spune Jesse M. Ehrenfeld, pre\u0219edintele AMA. \u201eSper\u0103m c\u0103 aceasta este doar prima dintr-o serie care va fi aprobat\u0103 \u0219i \u00eendemn\u0103m FDA s\u0103 ia \u00een considerare cererile pentru \u00eentreaga gam\u0103 de contraceptive orale disponibile pentru acces f\u0103r\u0103 prescrip\u021bie medical\u0103.\u201d<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Abordarea sarcinilor nedorite<\/h2>\n\n<p>SUA au o rat\u0103 mai mare de sarcini nedorite dec\u00e2t multe alte \u021b\u0103ri dezvoltate. Aproximativ 45% din cele \u0219ase milioane de sarcini din SUA \u00een 2011 nu au fost inten\u021bionate. Accesul sporit la \u00eentreaga gam\u0103 de metode contraceptive \u0219i utilizarea corect\u0103 \u0219i consecvent\u0103 a contraceptivelor pot ajuta la reducerea sarcinilor nedorite.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">De\u0219erturi contraceptive \u0219i bariere de acces<\/h2>\n\n<p>Power to Decide, o campanie non-profit pentru prevenirea sarcinilor neplanificate, estimeaz\u0103 c\u0103 peste 19 milioane de femei aflate la v\u00e2rsta reproducerii tr\u0103iesc \u00een de\u0219erturi contraceptive sau zone \u00een care num\u0103rul centrelor de s\u0103n\u0103tate care ofer\u0103 o gam\u0103 complet\u0103 de metode nu poate satisface cererea femeilor eligibile pentru contracep\u021bie finan\u021bat\u0103 public.<\/p>\n\n<p>Chiar \u0219i \u00een zonele cu centre de s\u0103n\u0103tate, persoanele cu venituri mici, adolescen\u021bii \u0219i persoanele de culoare au raportat provoc\u0103ri mai mari \u00een ob\u021binerea \u0219i ridicarea prescrip\u021biilor, inclusiv plata pentru o vizit\u0103 la medic \u0219i ob\u021binerea unui concediu de la locul de munc\u0103.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Disponibilitatea \u0219i costul Opill<\/h2>\n\n<p>Dup\u0103 ce Opill va deveni disponibil f\u0103r\u0103 prescrip\u021bie medical\u0103\u2014ceea ce produc\u0103torul estimeaz\u0103 c\u0103 se va \u00eent\u00e2mpla la \u00eenceputul lui 2024\u2014cei care caut\u0103 minipilula vor putea s\u0103 o cumpere de la magazine alimentare \u0219i magazine universale din \u00eentreaga \u021bar\u0103, iar accesul va fi f\u0103r\u0103 restric\u021bii de v\u00e2rst\u0103.<\/p>\n\n<p>Cu toate acestea, r\u0103m\u00e2n \u00eentreb\u0103ri cu privire la costul pilulei, pe care Perrigo \u00eel va anun\u021ba mai t\u00e2rziu \u00een acest an. Pilulele contraceptive pot costa aproximativ 15 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 30 de dolari pe lun\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 asigurare. De\u0219i medicamentele eliberate f\u0103r\u0103 prescrip\u021bie medical\u0103 sunt \u00een general mai ieftine, de obicei nu sunt acoperite de asigurare.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00cemputernicirea persoanelor<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u201eDac\u0103 acest lucru va fi implementat corect, extinderea accesului la controlul na\u0219terilor va permite comunit\u0103\u021bilor noastre libertatea de a lua decizii semnificative cu privire la vie\u021bile \u0219i viitorul nostru\u201d, spune Lupe M. Rodr\u00edguez, director executiv la Institutul Na\u021bional Latina pentru Justi\u021bia Reproductiv\u0103. \u201eAcum, trebuie s\u0103 ne asigur\u0103m c\u0103 aceast\u0103 pilul\u0103 contraceptiv\u0103 sigur\u0103 \u0219i eficient\u0103 este accesibil\u0103 \u0219i acoperit\u0103 de asigurare.\u201d<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>FDA aprob\u0103 prima pilul\u0103 contraceptiv\u0103 eliberat\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 prescrip\u021bie medical\u0103 Acces crescut la contracep\u021bie sigur\u0103 \u0219i eficient\u0103 Joi, Agen\u021bia SUA pentru Alimente \u0219i Medicamente (FDA) a luat o decizie monumental\u0103 prin&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[359],"tags":[3886,23307,22873,23308,19949,23309],"class_list":["post-17767","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-medicine","tag-fda-approval","tag-contraception","tag-birth-control","tag-over-the-counter","tag-reproductive-health","tag-unintended-pregnancy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17767","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17767"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17767\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17768,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17767\/revisions\/17768"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17767"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17767"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17767"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}