{"id":17920,"date":"2024-09-26T10:19:12","date_gmt":"2024-09-26T10:19:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=17920"},"modified":"2024-09-26T10:19:12","modified_gmt":"2024-09-26T10:19:12","slug":"can-monkeys-think-like-humans-theory-of-mind-and-animal-cognition","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/science\/animal-behavior\/can-monkeys-think-like-humans-theory-of-mind-and-animal-cognition\/","title":{"rendered":"Pot maimu\u021bele g\u00e2ndi ca oamenii?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Pot g\u00e2ndi maimu\u021bele ca oamenii?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Teoria min\u021bii \u0219i cogni\u021bia animal\u0103<\/h2>\n\n<p>Oamenii au o abilitate remarcabil\u0103 de a \u00een\u021belege g\u00e2ndurile \u0219i inten\u021biile altora. Aceasta este cunoscut\u0103 sub numele de teoria min\u021bii. Timp de decenii, oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 au crezut c\u0103 doar oamenii posed\u0103 teoria min\u021bii. Totu\u0219i, cercet\u0103ri recente sugereaz\u0103 c\u0103 \u0219i alte primate, cum ar fi cimpanzeii \u0219i maimu\u021bele, pot avea aceast\u0103 abilitate.<\/p>\n\n<p>O modalitate de a testa teoria min\u021bii este de a observa cum se comport\u0103 animalele \u00een situa\u021bii \u00een care trebuie s\u0103 deduc\u0103 cuno\u0219tin\u021bele sau inten\u021biile altora. De exemplu, \u00een clasicul experiment \u201eSally-Anne\u201d, un copil urm\u0103re\u0219te o persoan\u0103 ascunz\u00e2nd o minge \u00eentr-una din dou\u0103 cutii. Apoi, persoana p\u0103r\u0103se\u0219te camera iar o a doua persoan\u0103 mut\u0103 mingea \u00een cealalt\u0103 cutie. C\u00e2nd prima persoan\u0103 se \u00eentoarce, copilului i se cere s\u0103 spun\u0103 unde crede c\u0103 persoana va c\u0103uta mingea. Copiii care au dezvoltat teoria min\u021bii vor spune, \u00een mod normal, c\u0103 persoana va c\u0103uta \u00een prima cutie, unde au v\u0103zut-o ultima dat\u0103. Aceasta sugereaz\u0103 c\u0103 ei \u00een\u021beleg c\u0103 persoana are o credin\u021b\u0103 fals\u0103 despre loca\u021bia mingii.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Maimu\u021bele \u0219i teoria min\u021bii<\/h2>\n\n<p>Cercet\u0103torii au efectuat experimente similare cu maimu\u021be pentru a le testa abilit\u0103\u021bile de teorie a min\u021bii. Un studiu, condus de psihologul Laurie Santos, a presupus prezentarea \u00een fa\u021ba maimu\u021belor a dou\u0103 struguri a\u0219eza\u021bi pe be\u021be la c\u00e2\u021biva metri distan\u021b\u0103. Un experimentator uman st\u0103tea \u00een spatele unuia dintre struguri, fie cu fa\u021ba spre maimu\u021b\u0103, fie cu spatele. Cercet\u0103torii au descoperit c\u0103 maimu\u021bele erau mai predispuse s\u0103 fure strugurele de la experimentatorul care st\u0103tea cu spatele, suger\u00e2nd c\u0103 \u00een\u021belegeau c\u0103 experimentatorul nu le putea vedea.<\/p>\n\n<p>Acest studiu ofer\u0103 dovezi c\u0103 maimu\u021bele pot avea o \u00een\u021belegere de baz\u0103 a teoriei min\u021bii. Cu toate acestea, este important de men\u021bionat c\u0103 abilit\u0103\u021bile de teorie a min\u021bii ale maimu\u021belor pot fi limitate \u00een compara\u021bie cu cele ale oamenilor. De exemplu, maimu\u021bele ar putea s\u0103 nu fie capabile s\u0103 \u00een\u021beleag\u0103 credin\u021bele false, care sunt credin\u021be care nu se bazeaz\u0103 pe realitate.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Rolul limbajului \u0219i al culturii<\/h2>\n\n<p>Una dintre diferen\u021bele cheie dintre oameni \u0219i maimu\u021be este capacitatea noastr\u0103 de limbaj. Limbajul ne permite s\u0103 comunic\u0103m idei complexe \u0219i s\u0103 \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219im informa\u021bii despre g\u00e2ndurile \u0219i sentimentele noastre. Acesta ar putea fi unul dintre motivele pentru care oamenii au abilit\u0103\u021bi de teorie a min\u021bii mai sofisticate dec\u00e2t maimu\u021bele.<\/p>\n\n<p>Cultura joac\u0103, de asemenea, un rol \u00een dezvoltarea teoriei min\u021bii. Oamenii sunt crescu\u021bi \u00een medii sociale care ne \u00eencurajeaz\u0103 s\u0103 cooper\u0103m \u0219i s\u0103 comunic\u0103m cu ceilal\u021bi. Acest lucru ne poate ajuta s\u0103 dezvolt\u0103m o \u00een\u021belegere mai bun\u0103 a min\u021bilor celorlal\u021bi.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Limitele cogni\u021biei maimu\u021belor<\/h2>\n\n<p>De\u0219i maimu\u021bele pot avea unele abilit\u0103\u021bi de teorie a min\u021bii, abilit\u0103\u021bile lor cognitive sunt \u00eenc\u0103 limitate \u00een compara\u021bie cu cele ale oamenilor. De exemplu, maimu\u021bele ar putea s\u0103 nu fie capabile s\u0103 \u00een\u021beleag\u0103 inten\u021biile altora sau s\u0103 planifice pentru viitor. Acest lucru se poate datora diferen\u021belor \u00een structura \u0219i func\u021bia creierului dintre oameni \u0219i maimu\u021be.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Concluzie<\/h2>\n\n<p>Cercetarea privind teoria min\u021bii la maimu\u021be este \u00eenc\u0103 \u00een desf\u0103\u0219urare. Cu toate acestea, dovezile sugereaz\u0103 c\u0103 maimu\u021bele pot avea unele abilit\u0103\u021bi de baz\u0103 de teorie a min\u021bii. Aceste abilit\u0103\u021bi pot fi limitate \u00een compara\u021bie cu cele ale oamenilor, dar sunt totu\u0219i impresionante av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere distan\u021ba evolutiv\u0103 dintre oameni \u0219i maimu\u021be.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pot g\u00e2ndi maimu\u021bele ca oamenii? Teoria min\u021bii \u0219i cogni\u021bia animal\u0103 Oamenii au o abilitate remarcabil\u0103 de a \u00een\u021belege g\u00e2ndurile \u0219i inten\u021biile altora. Aceasta este cunoscut\u0103 sub numele de teoria min\u021bii.&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":24447,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[312],"tags":[6193,136,5791,3289,97,1401],"class_list":["post-17920","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-animal-behavior","tag-animal-cognition","tag-evolution","tag-monkeys","tag-primates","tag-science","tag-theory-of-mind"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17920","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17920"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17920\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24448,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17920\/revisions\/24448"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24447"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17920"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17920"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17920"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}