{"id":18008,"date":"2022-05-03T04:40:42","date_gmt":"2022-05-03T04:40:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=18008"},"modified":"2022-05-03T04:40:42","modified_gmt":"2022-05-03T04:40:42","slug":"first-flybys-of-planets-in-the-solar-system","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/science\/astronomy-and-space-science\/first-flybys-of-planets-in-the-solar-system\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0218apte surprize de la primele treceri pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 fiecare planet\u0103 din sistemul solar"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0218apte surprize de la primele treceri pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 fiecare planet\u0103 din sistemul solar<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Venus: Vecinul arz\u0103tor<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u00cen 1962, Mariner 2 a pornit \u00eentr-o prim\u0103 trecere reu\u0219it\u0103 pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 o planet\u0103, dezv\u0103luind temperatura arz\u0103toare a suprafe\u021bei lui Venus de 930 de grade Fahrenheit \u0219i atmosfera sa dens\u0103 de dioxid de carbon. Aceast\u0103 descoperire a spulberat speran\u021bele de a g\u0103si via\u021b\u0103 pe suprafa\u021ba lui Venus, dar a deschis calea unor studii detaliate viitoare.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Marte: Peisajul pustiu al planetei ro\u0219ii<\/h2>\n\n<p>Dup\u0103 o \u00eencercare e\u0219uat\u0103, Mariner 4 a trecut cu succes pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 Marte \u00een 1965, captur\u00e2nd primele imagini din spa\u021biul cosmic ale unei alte lumi. Aceste imagini au dezv\u0103luit un teren pustiu, plin de cratere, contest\u00e2nd convingerile de mult\u0103 vreme despre via\u021ba poten\u021bial\u0103 pe Marte modern. Mariner 4 a determinat, de asemenea, temperatura diurn\u0103 rece a lui Marte de -148 de grade Fahrenheit \u0219i absen\u021ba unui c\u00e2mp magnetic, l\u0103s\u00e2ndu-l vulnerabil la radia\u021bii.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jupiter: Gigantul cu Marea Pat\u0103 Ro\u0219ie<\/h2>\n\n<p>Trecere pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 Jupiter a lui Pioneer 10 \u00een 1973 a produs peste 500 de imagini ale gigantului gazos \u0219i ale lunilor sale. Aceste imagini au prezentat Marea Pat\u0103 Ro\u0219ie iconic\u0103 a lui Jupiter, o furtun\u0103 colosal\u0103 mai mare dec\u00e2t P\u0103m\u00e2ntul. Pioneer 10 a descoperit, de asemenea, enorma \u201ecoad\u0103\u201d magnetic\u0103 a lui Jupiter, care se \u00eentinde p\u00e2n\u0103 la orbita lui Saturn.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mercur: Lumea asem\u0103n\u0103toare Lunii, plin\u0103 de cratere<\/h2>\n\n<p>Mariner 10 a efectuat trei treceri pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 Mercur \u00een 1974, utiliz\u00e2nd o manevr\u0103 de pra\u0219tie gravita\u021bional\u0103 pentru a-\u0219i modifica traiectoria. Trecerile au confirmat suprafa\u021ba craterizat\u0103 asem\u0103n\u0103toare Lunii a lui Mercur, atmosfera sub\u021bire, c\u00e2mpul magnetic slab \u0219i nucleul bogat \u00een fier. Cu toate acestea, Mariner 10 a surprins imagini doar la 40% din suprafa\u021ba lui Mercur.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Saturn: Planeta cu inele \u0219i o lun\u0103 nou\u0103<\/h2>\n\n<p>Trecere pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 Saturn a lui Pioneer 11 \u00een 1979 a dezv\u0103luit un inel nou, \u00eengustul inel F, \u0219i o lun\u0103 nou descoperit\u0103, cu o l\u0103\u021bime de 124 de mile. Nava spa\u021bial\u0103 a stabilit c\u0103 Saturn este compus \u00een principal din hidrogen lichid \u0219i posed\u0103 o temperatur\u0103 rece de -292 de grade Fahrenheit. Datele lui Pioneer 11 au pus bazele descoperirilor ulterioare ale navei spa\u021biale Cassini despre Saturn \u0219i lunile sale.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Uranus \u0219i Neptun: Gigan\u021bii de ghea\u021b\u0103 explora\u021bi<\/h2>\n\n<p>Voyager 2 a pornit \u00eentr-un \u201eGrand Tour\u201d al sistemului solar, profit\u00e2nd de o aliniere planetar\u0103 rar\u0103 pentru a vizita Uranus \u0219i Neptun. La Uranus, Voyager 2 a descoperit 11 luni noi \u0219i a m\u0103surat c\u00e2mpul s\u0103u magnetic bizar, \u00een form\u0103 de tirbu\u0219on. La Neptun, nava spa\u021bial\u0103 a descoperit o Mare Pat\u0103 \u00centunecat\u0103, similar\u0103 cu Marea Pat\u0103 Ro\u0219ie a lui Jupiter, \u0219i \u0219ase luni noi. Voyager 2 a efectuat, de asemenea, o trecere pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 marea lun\u0103 a lui Neptun, Triton, dezv\u0103luind gheizere active \u0219i calote polare.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ceres: Planeta pitic\u0103 cu pete luminoase misterioase<\/h2>\n\n<p>Dawn, lansat\u0103 \u00een 2007, a devenit prima nav\u0103 spa\u021bial\u0103 care a orbitat dou\u0103 corpuri cere\u0219ti, inclusiv Ceres, cel mai mare obiect din centura de asteroizi. Zborurile \u0219i studiile orbitale ale navei Dawn au dezv\u0103luit pete luminoase misterioase pe suprafa\u021ba lui Ceres, despre care se crede c\u0103 sunt ghea\u021b\u0103 sau alt material foarte reflectorizant. Dawn continu\u0103 s\u0103 orbiteze Ceres la altitudini mai mici, cartografiindu-i suprafa\u021ba \u0219i colect\u00e2nd date \u0219tiin\u021bifice.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mo\u0219tenirea survol\u0103rilor<\/h2>\n\n<p>Zborurile au jucat un rol esen\u021bial \u00een modelarea \u00een\u021belegerii noastre despre sistemul solar. Ele au:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Au furnizat imagini de prim-plan \u0219i date \u0219tiin\u021bifice de pe lumi \u00eendep\u0103rtate<\/li>\n<li>Au dezv\u0103luit diversitatea \u0219i complexitatea sistemelor planetare<\/li>\n<li>Au contestat convingerile de lung\u0103 durat\u0103 \u0219i au deschis noi c\u0103i de explorare<\/li>\n<li>Au avansat capacit\u0103\u021bile noastre tehnologice \u0219i au inspirat viitoare misiuni spa\u021biale<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Zborurile continu\u0103 s\u0103 fie un instrument valoros pentru astronomi \u0219i oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 din domeniul spa\u021biului, dezv\u0103luind secretele vecin\u0103t\u0103\u021bii noastre cosmice \u0219i aliment\u00e2ndu-ne fascina\u021bia pentru minunile sistemului solar.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0218apte surprize de la primele treceri pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 fiecare planet\u0103 din sistemul solar Venus: Vecinul arz\u0103tor \u00cen 1962, Mariner 2 a pornit \u00eentr-o prim\u0103 trecere reu\u0219it\u0103 pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 o planet\u0103,&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23583],"tags":[435,3619,434,23582,1173,815],"class_list":["post-18008","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-astronomy-and-space-science","tag-astronomy","tag-scientific-discoveries","tag-space-exploration","tag-flybys","tag-solar-system","tag-planetary-science"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18008","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18008"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18008\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18009,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18008\/revisions\/18009"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18008"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18008"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18008"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}