{"id":2104,"date":"2024-09-26T20:19:30","date_gmt":"2024-09-26T20:19:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=2104"},"modified":"2024-09-26T20:19:30","modified_gmt":"2024-09-26T20:19:30","slug":"neanderthal-dental-plaque-insights-ancestors-lives","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/science\/archaeology\/neanderthal-dental-plaque-insights-ancestors-lives\/","title":{"rendered":"Placa dentar\u0103 a neanderthalienilor: o fereastr\u0103 c\u0103tre via\u021ba str\u0103mo\u0219ilor no\u0219tri"},"content":{"rendered":"

Placa dentar\u0103 a neanderthalienilor: o fereastr\u0103 c\u0103tre via\u021ba str\u0103mo\u0219ilor no\u0219tri<\/h2>\n\n

Placa dentar\u0103: o comoar\u0103 de informa\u021bii<\/h2>\n\n

De secole, arheologii au aruncat placa dentar\u0103 de pe craniile umane antice, consider\u00e2nd-o f\u0103r\u0103 valoare. Cu toate acestea, progresele recente \u00een secven\u021bierea genetic\u0103 au dezv\u0103luit c\u0103 placa dentar\u0103 fosilizat\u0103 con\u021bine o bog\u0103\u021bie de informa\u021bii despre str\u0103mo\u0219ii no\u0219tri. Ne poate spune despre dietele, s\u0103n\u0103tatea \u0219i chiar interac\u021biunile lor cu al\u021bi oameni.<\/p>\n\n

Microbiomul neanderthalienilor: o poveste a dou\u0103 diete<\/h2>\n\n

Oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 au studiat placa dentar\u0103 a neanderthalienilor, verii no\u0219tri disp\u0103ru\u021bi, pentru a ob\u021bine informa\u021bii despre stilurile lor de via\u021b\u0103. Secven\u021biind ADN-ul bacteriilor din plac\u0103, au descoperit c\u0103 neanderthalienii aveau microbiomuri distincte \u00een func\u021bie de loca\u021bia \u0219i dieta lor.<\/p>\n\n

Neanderthalieni belgieni: m\u00e2nc\u0103tori de carne cu un microbiom unic<\/h2>\n\n

Neanderthalienii din Belgia central\u0103 aveau o diet\u0103 clasic\u0103, bazat\u0103 pe carne, ceea ce se reflecta \u00een microbiomul lor oral. Prezen\u021ba ADN-ului de oaie, mamut l\u00e2nos \u0219i alte animale \u00een placa lor indica un consum ridicat de carne. Aceast\u0103 diet\u0103 le-a modelat microbiomul pentru a fi diferit de cel al altor neanderthalieni.<\/p>\n\n

Neanderthalieni spanioli: v\u00e2n\u0103tori-culeg\u0103tori cu un microbiom vegetarian<\/h2>\n\n

\u00cen schimb, neanderthalienii din nordul Spaniei aveau o diet\u0103 mai vegetarian\u0103, de v\u00e2n\u0103tori-culeg\u0103tori. Placa lor con\u021binea ADN din nuci de pin \u0219i ciuperci, suger\u00e2nd o dependen\u021b\u0103 de alimente pe baz\u0103 de plante. Aceast\u0103 diet\u0103 a dus la un microbiom oral similar cu cel al cimpanzeilor, str\u0103mo\u0219ii no\u0219tri genetici v\u00e2n\u0103tori-culeg\u0103tori.<\/p>\n\n

Consumul de carne \u0219i microbiomul oral<\/h2>\n\n

Studiul sugereaz\u0103 c\u0103 aportul de carne modific\u0103 \u00een mod semnificativ microbiomul la oameni. Trecerea la o diet\u0103 bogat\u0103 \u00een carne \u00een r\u00e2ndul neanderthalienilor belgieni a coincis cu modific\u0103ri ale microbiomului lor oral, f\u0103c\u00e2ndu-l mai susceptibil la microbi patogeni.<\/p>\n\n

S\u0103n\u0103tate oral\u0103 excep\u021bional\u0103: neanderthalieni cu din\u021bi imacula\u021bi<\/h2>\n\n

\u00cen ciuda lipsei \u00eengrijirilor stomatologice moderne, neanderthalienii aveau \u00een general o s\u0103n\u0103tate oral\u0103 excelent\u0103. Din\u021bii lor prezentau semne minime de carii sau boli. Aceast\u0103 constatare contest\u0103 stereotipul neanderthalienilor ca oameni primitivi ai pe\u0219terilor cu o igien\u0103 precar\u0103.<\/p>\n\n

Medicina neanderthalian\u0103: tratarea bolilor cu remedii naturale<\/h2>\n\n

Un neanderthalian spaniol suferea de un abces dentar \u0219i diaree. Analiza microbiomului s\u0103u a dezv\u0103luit dovezi c\u0103 folosea plante medicinale, inclusiv penicilin\u0103 \u0219i aspirin\u0103, pentru a-\u0219i ameliora simptomele. Acest lucru sugereaz\u0103 c\u0103 neanderthalienii aveau o \u00een\u021belegere sofisticat\u0103 a mediului lor \u0219i a propriet\u0103\u021bilor medicinale ale plantelor.<\/p>\n\n

Methanobrevibacter oralis: un microb partajat cu oamenii<\/h2>\n\n

Secven\u021biind microbiomul neanderthalianului cu abces, oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 au descoperit, de asemenea, cel mai vechi genom microbian g\u0103sit p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een prezent: Methanobrevibacter oralis. Prin compararea genomului s\u0103u cu cel al aceluia\u0219i microb la oamenii moderni, au stabilit c\u0103 neanderthalienii l-au dob\u00e2ndit de la oameni \u00een urm\u0103 cu aproximativ 125.000 de ani. Aceast\u0103 descoperire implic\u0103 faptul c\u0103 neanderthalienii \u0219i oamenii au interac\u021bionat mai str\u00e2ns dec\u00e2t se credea anterior, poate chiar \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bind saliva.<\/p>\n\n

Implica\u021bii pentru s\u0103n\u0103tatea uman\u0103 modern\u0103<\/h2>\n\n

Studiul pl\u0103cii dentare neanderthaliene ofer\u0103 informa\u021bii despre s\u0103n\u0103tatea \u0219i evolu\u021bia uman\u0103. Ridic\u0103 \u00eentreb\u0103ri despre motivul pentru care oamenii moderni sufer\u0103 de probleme dentare \u0219i alte probleme de s\u0103n\u0103tate care erau rare \u00een r\u00e2ndul neanderthalienilor. \u00cen\u021beleg\u00e2nd factorii care au contribuit la s\u0103n\u0103tatea lor oral\u0103 excelent\u0103, putem ob\u021bine informa\u021bii pentru a ne \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bi propria s\u0103n\u0103tate.<\/p>\n\n

Cercet\u0103ri viitoare: dezlegarea misterelor evolu\u021biei umane<\/h2>\n\n

Cercet\u0103torii inten\u021bioneaz\u0103 s\u0103 continue studierea fosilelor dentare ale altor oameni antici \u0219i str\u0103mo\u0219i. Examin\u00e2ndu-le microbiomul, ei sper\u0103 s\u0103 adune o \u00een\u021belegere mai cuprinz\u0103toare a evolu\u021biei umane \u0219i a factorilor care ne-au modelat s\u0103n\u0103tatea de-a lungul timpului.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Placa dentar\u0103 a neanderthalienilor: o fereastr\u0103 c\u0103tre via\u021ba str\u0103mo\u0219ilor no\u0219tri Placa dentar\u0103: o comoar\u0103 de informa\u021bii De secole, arheologii au aruncat placa dentar\u0103 de pe craniile umane antice, consider\u00e2nd-o f\u0103r\u0103…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":24451,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[191],"tags":[1017,132,4433,295,136,1703,1019,137,147],"class_list":["post-2104","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archaeology","tag-ancient-dna","tag-anthropology","tag-dental-plaque","tag-diet","tag-evolution","tag-microbiome","tag-neanderthals","tag-paleontology","tag-health"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2104","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2104"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2104\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24452,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2104\/revisions\/24452"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24451"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2104"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2104"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2104"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}