{"id":2794,"date":"2020-07-08T19:53:04","date_gmt":"2020-07-08T19:53:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=2794"},"modified":"2020-07-08T19:53:04","modified_gmt":"2020-07-08T19:53:04","slug":"leaf-cutting-ants-fruit-cutting-to-royal-genes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/science\/zoology\/leaf-cutting-ants-fruit-cutting-to-royal-genes\/","title":{"rendered":"Furnicile t\u0103ietoare de frunze: de la t\u0103ierea fructelor la gene regale"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Furnicile t\u0103ietoare de frunze: de la t\u0103ierea fructelor la gene regale<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00cemp\u0103r\u021birea muncii \u0219i t\u0103ierea fructelor<\/h2>\n\n<p>Furnicile t\u0103ietoare de frunze, precum specia Atta laevigata, prezint\u0103 o \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bire remarcabil\u0103 a muncii \u00een cadrul coloniilor lor. Furnicile lucr\u0103toare mai mici \u00eengrijesc gr\u0103dinile de ciuperci care asigur\u0103 hran\u0103 pentru colonie, \u00een timp ce lucr\u0103toarele mai mari se concentreaz\u0103 pe ap\u0103rarea cuibului. Totu\u0219i, oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 au fost nedumeri\u021bi de implicarea lucr\u0103toarelor mari \u00een t\u0103ierea fructelor, deoarece fructele sunt relativ moi \u0219i ar putea fi t\u0103iate cu u\u0219urin\u021b\u0103 de furnicile mai mici.<\/p>\n\n<p>Un studiu recent realizat de Heikki Helantera \u0219i Francis Ratnieks a dezv\u0103luit c\u0103 mandibulele mai mari ale furnicilor lucr\u0103toare mai mari le permit s\u0103 taie \u0219i s\u0103 transporte buc\u0103\u021bi mult mai mari de fructe \u00eenapoi la colonie. Aceast\u0103 descoperire subliniaz\u0103 modul \u00een care varia\u021bia de m\u0103rime printre furnicile lucr\u0103toare le spore\u0219te capacitatea de a-\u0219i \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bi munca \u0219i de a maximiza eficien\u021ba.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gena regal\u0103 \u0219i dezvoltarea reginei<\/h2>\n\n<p>Coloniile de furnici, la fel ca \u0219i coloniile de albine, sunt conduse de regine. \u00cen mod tradi\u021bional, se credea c\u0103 reginele se dezvoltau din larve care erau selectate aleatoriu \u0219i hr\u0103nite de colonie. Cu toate acestea, cercet\u0103rile recente privind amprentele ADN realizate de Bill Hughes \u0219i Jacobus Boomsma au contestat aceast\u0103 teorie.<\/p>\n\n<p>Descoperirile lor indic\u0103 faptul c\u0103 anumite furnici mascule poart\u0103 o gen\u0103 \u201eregal\u0103\u201d, care cre\u0219te probabilitatea ca urma\u0219ii lor s\u0103 devin\u0103 regine. Cu toate acestea, surorile acestor masculi regali nu sunt con\u0219tiente de faptul c\u0103 urma\u0219ilor lor li se acord\u0103 prioritate. Acest avantaj genetic le permite masculilor regali s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i r\u0103sp\u00e2ndeasc\u0103 urma\u0219ii \u00een mai multe colonii \u0219i s\u0103 evite detectarea de c\u0103tre masele altruiste pe care le exploateaz\u0103.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Strategii evolutive ale masculilor regali<\/h2>\n\n<p>Hughes consider\u0103 c\u0103 evolu\u021bia genei regale la furnicile t\u0103ietoare de frunze este o strategie evolutiv\u0103 pentru a sc\u0103pa de suprimarea de c\u0103tre lucr\u0103toarele altruiste. Prin r\u0103sp\u00e2ndirea urma\u0219ilor lor \u00een mai multe colonii, masculii regali \u00ee\u0219i pot cre\u0219te succesul reproductiv \u0219i \u00ee\u0219i pot asigura supravie\u021buirea liniei lor.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Concluzie<\/h2>\n\n<p>Studiul furnicilor t\u0103ietoare de frunze ofer\u0103 informa\u021bii fascinante despre complexitatea organiz\u0103rii sociale \u0219i adapt\u0103rile evolutive. De la \u00eemp\u0103r\u021birea lor sofisticat\u0103 a muncii p\u00e2n\u0103 la descoperirea unei gene regale, aceste furnici continu\u0103 s\u0103 \u00eei captiveze pe oameni de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 ofere lec\u021bii valoroase despre complexit\u0103\u021bile naturii.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Furnicile t\u0103ietoare de frunze: de la t\u0103ierea fructelor la gene regale \u00cemp\u0103r\u021birea muncii \u0219i t\u0103ierea fructelor Furnicile t\u0103ietoare de frunze, precum specia Atta laevigata, prezint\u0103 o \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bire remarcabil\u0103 a muncii&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[280],"tags":[5532,136,5531,5533,252],"class_list":["post-2794","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-zoology","tag-division-of-labor","tag-evolution","tag-leaf-cutting-ants","tag-royal-gene","tag-nature"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2794","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2794"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2794\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2795,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2794\/revisions\/2795"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2794"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2794"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2794"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}