{"id":3859,"date":"2021-07-04T03:47:48","date_gmt":"2021-07-04T03:47:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=3859"},"modified":"2021-07-04T03:47:48","modified_gmt":"2021-07-04T03:47:48","slug":"james-otis-jr-the-patriot-who-never-became-a-founding-father","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/uncategorized\/james-otis-jr-the-patriot-who-never-became-a-founding-father\/","title":{"rendered":"James Otis Jr.: Patriotul r\u0103mas \u00een umbr\u0103"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">James Otis Jr.: Patriotul care nu a devenit niciodat\u0103 un P\u0103rinte Fondator<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Via\u021ba \u0219i cariera timpurie<\/h2>\n\n<p>James Otis Jr. s-a n\u0103scut \u00een 1725 \u00een West Barnstable, Massachusetts. S-a \u00eenscris la Harvard la v\u00e2rsta de 14 ani \u0219i \u0219i-a construit rapid o reputa\u021bie de avocat penalist elocvent. Otis i-a ap\u0103rat cu succes pe pira\u021bii acuza\u021bi \u00een Halifax, Noua Sco\u021bie, \u0219i pe tinerii acuza\u021bi de revolte \u00een Plymouth.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Procesul privind mandatele de asisten\u021b\u0103<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u00cen 1761, Otis a devenit proeminent \u00een procesul privind mandatele de asisten\u021b\u0103. Aceste mandate le permiteau func\u021bionarilor vamali britanici s\u0103 perchezi\u021bioneze orice loc, \u00een orice moment, pentru a c\u0103uta dovezi de contraband\u0103. Otis s-a opus acestor mandate, numindu-le \u201ecel mai r\u0103u instrument al puterii arbitrare\u201d. Discursul s\u0103u de cinci ore a electrizat spectatorii \u0219i este considerat un moment-cheie \u00een Revolu\u021bia American\u0103.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Lider patriot<\/h2>\n\n<p>Dup\u0103 procesul privind mandatele de asisten\u021b\u0103, Otis a devenit o voce de frunte a patrio\u021bilor americani. A fost ales \u00een Camera Reprezentan\u021bilor din Massachusetts, unde a contestat legile \u0219i taxele britanice. Otis a inventat expresia \u201eimpozitare f\u0103r\u0103 reprezentare \u00eenseamn\u0103 tiranie\u201d \u0219i a scris influentul pamflet \u201eDrepturile coloniilor britanice revendicate \u0219i dovedite\u201d.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Opozi\u021bia fa\u021b\u0103 de domina\u021bia britanic\u0103<\/h2>\n\n<p>Otis a jucat un rol semnificativ \u00een opozi\u021bia fa\u021b\u0103 de Legea timbrului \u0219i Actele Townshend. A fost coautorul scrisorii de protest a Camerei din Massachusetts c\u0103tre Parlament, sus\u021bin\u00e2nd c\u0103 acesta nu are dreptul de a impozita coloniile. C\u00e2nd regele George al III-lea a cerut Camerei s\u0103 anuleze scrisoarea, Otis a r\u0103spuns: \u201eFie ca Marea Britanie s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i retrag\u0103 m\u0103surile, sau coloniile sunt pierdute pentru totdeauna\u201d.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Declin \u0219i mo\u0219tenire<\/h2>\n\n<p>Personalitatea \u00eenfl\u0103c\u0103rat\u0103 a lui Otis \u0219i sfidarea sa deschis\u0103 \u0219i-au pus amprenta asupra s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii sale mintale. \u00cen 1769, a fost implicat \u00eentr-o alterca\u021bie violent\u0103 cu un comisar vamal britanic, care l-a l\u0103sat cu o ran\u0103 grav\u0103 la cap. Trauma i-a exacerbat instabilitatea mental\u0103 \u0219i a \u00eenceput s\u0103 sufere de accese de nebunie.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u00cen ciuda declinului s\u0103u mental, influen\u021ba lui Otis a continuat. Sora sa, Mercy, i-a preluat mantia politic\u0103 \u0219i a organizat \u00eent\u00e2lniri antibritanice. Fratele s\u0103u, Samuel Allyne Otis, a servit ca prim secretar al Senatului SUA.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Moarte \u0219i comemorare<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u00cen 1783, Otis a fost ucis de un fulger. \u00cen ciuda sf\u00e2r\u0219itului s\u0103u tragic, mo\u0219tenirea sa ca patriot \u0219i orator r\u0103m\u00e2ne. John Adams a scris c\u0103 Otis \u201ea l\u0103sat un caracter care nu va muri niciodat\u0103 at\u00e2ta timp c\u00e2t va r\u0103m\u00e2ne vie memoria Revolu\u021biei Americane\u201d.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cuvinte cheie cu coad\u0103 lung\u0103:<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>James Otis Jr. \u0219i Revolu\u021bia American\u0103<\/li>\n<li>Semnifica\u021bia procesului privind mandatele de asisten\u021b\u0103<\/li>\n<li>Scrierile lui Otis \u0219i impactul lor asupra coloni\u0219tilor<\/li>\n<li>Motivele declinului popularit\u0103\u021bii lui Otis<\/li>\n<li>Efectele Revolu\u021biei asupra lui Otis \u0219i a familiei sale<\/li>\n<li>Mo\u0219tenirea pe termen lung a lui James Otis \u00een Statele Unite<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>James Otis Jr.: Patriotul care nu a devenit niciodat\u0103 un P\u0103rinte Fondator Via\u021ba \u0219i cariera timpurie James Otis Jr. s-a n\u0103scut \u00een 1725 \u00een West Barnstable, Massachusetts. S-a \u00eenscris la&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[21,27,7203,7205,7204,885],"class_list":["post-3859","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-mental-illness","tag-history","tag-james-otis-jr","tag-orator","tag-patriot","tag-american-revolution"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3859","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3859"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3859\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3860,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3859\/revisions\/3860"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3859"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3859"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3859"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}