{"id":4391,"date":"2022-12-13T20:45:04","date_gmt":"2022-12-13T20:45:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=4391"},"modified":"2022-12-13T20:45:04","modified_gmt":"2022-12-13T20:45:04","slug":"history-of-muslim-bans-in-america","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/uncategorized\/history-of-muslim-bans-in-america\/","title":{"rendered":"Musulmanii interzi\u0219i \u00een Americi: O istorie a discrimin\u0103rii"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Musulmanii interzi\u0219i \u00een Americi: O istorie a discrimin\u0103rii<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Primele temeri \u0219i restric\u021bii<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u00cen secolul al XVI-lea, Spania \u0219i Anglia nutreau teama c\u0103 sclavii africani cu credin\u021be musulmane erau mai predispu\u0219i s\u0103 se revolte. Aceasta a dus la excluderea de c\u0103tre Spania a \u201esclavilor suspecta\u021bi de \u00eenclina\u021bii islamice\u201d din America dup\u0103 revolta sclavilor din Hispaniola din 1522.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u00cen ciuda acestei interdic\u021bii, imigran\u021bii evrei \u0219i musulmani au g\u0103sit modalit\u0103\u021bi de a intra \u00een Lumea Nou\u0103, adesea prin mit\u0103 sau acte falsificate. De asemenea, comercian\u021bii de sclavi ignorau adesea ordinul, deoarece sclavii musulmani erau adesea mai alfabetiza\u021bi \u0219i califica\u021bi, ceea ce \u00eei f\u0103cea mai valoro\u0219i.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cartagena \u0219i capturarea englez\u0103<\/h2>\n\n<p>Cartagena, un port strategic \u00een actuala Columbia, avea o popula\u021bie semnificativ\u0103 de sclavi musulmani, dintre care mul\u021bi au fost transporta\u021bi ilegal. \u00cen 1586, corsarul englez Sir Francis Drake a capturat Cartagena \u0219i le-a ordonat oamenilor s\u0103i s\u0103 trateze musulmanii cu respect. Mul\u021bi musulmani au dezertat la flota lui Drake, sper\u00e2nd la libertate.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Insula Roanoke \u0219i coloni\u0219tii pierdu\u021bi<\/h2>\n\n<p>Drake inten\u021biona s\u0103 consolideze a\u0219ezarea englez\u0103 de pe insula Roanoke cu sclavii captura\u021bi la Cartagena. Cu toate acestea, un uragan a \u00eempr\u0103\u0219tiat flota lui Drake, iar coloni\u0219tii au abandonat Roanoke. Soarta sclavilor musulmani r\u0103m\u00e2ne necunoscut\u0103.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jamestown \u0219i botezul cre\u0219tin<\/h2>\n\n<p>A\u0219ezarea Jamestown a urmat o politic\u0103 similar cu Spania, cer\u00e2nd botezul cre\u0219tin pentru intrarea \u00een \u021bar\u0103, inclusiv africanilor \u00eenrobi\u021bi. \u00cen 1682, Virginia a mers mai departe, consider\u00e2nd automat africanii non-cre\u0219tini ca sclavi.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">R\u0103scoalele sclavilor \u0219i adev\u0103rata amenin\u021bare<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u00cen ciuda eforturilor de a suprima \u201e\u00eenclina\u021biile islamice\u201d, revoltele sclavilor au continuat at\u00e2t \u00een America spaniol\u0103, c\u00e2t \u0219i \u00een cea britanic\u0103. Revolta sclavilor haitieni a fost instigat\u0103 de africani cre\u0219tina\u021bi, \u00een timp ce rebeliunea lui Nat Turner din Virginia a fost alimentat\u0103 de viziuni ale lui Hristos.<\/p>\n\n<p>Cu toate acestea, adev\u0103rata amenin\u021bare la adresa p\u0103cii \u0219i securit\u0103\u021bii nu a constat \u00een credin\u021ba imigran\u021bilor, ci \u00een sistemul de sclavie \u00een sine \u0219i \u00een cre\u0219tinismul care l-a justificat. Nedreptatea \u0219i dezumanizarea cu care se confruntau oamenii \u00eenrobi\u021bi, indiferent de religia lor, au fost cauza principal\u0103 a tulbur\u0103rilor.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Acoperire suplimentar\u0103 a cuvintelor cheie de tip long-tail:<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Captivi otomani \u0219i nord-africani:<\/strong> Ace\u0219ti sclavi erau adesea folosi\u021bi ca rame sau pentru sarcini umile \u00een coloniile spaniole \u0219i din Caraibe.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Virginia Dare:<\/strong> Prima feti\u021b\u0103 englez\u0103 n\u0103scut\u0103 \u00een America a fost abandonat\u0103 pe insula Roanoke \u00eempreun\u0103 cu ceilal\u021bi refugia\u021bi.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Coloni\u0219ti pierdu\u021bi:<\/strong> Al doilea val de coloni\u0219ti englezi din Roanoke nu a men\u021bionat \u00eent\u00e2lnirea cu prizonierii din Cartagena, ceea ce sugereaz\u0103 c\u0103 s-ar fi putut \u00eempr\u0103\u0219tia printre popula\u021bia nativ\u0103 american\u0103.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sclavi evada\u021bi \u00een Panama:<\/strong> Ace\u0219ti sclavi \u0219i-au \u00eenfiin\u021bat propriile comunit\u0103\u021bi \u0219i au dus un r\u0103zboi de gheril\u0103 \u00eempotriva Spaniei.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Musulmanii interzi\u0219i \u00een Americi: O istorie a discrimin\u0103rii Primele temeri \u0219i restric\u021bii \u00cen secolul al XVI-lea, Spania \u0219i Anglia nutreau teama c\u0103 sclavii africani cu credin\u021be musulmane erau mai predispu\u0219i&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[4436,4513,27,7984,7985,765],"class_list":["post-4391","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-america","tag-discrimination","tag-history","tag-muslim-ban","tag-religious-persecution","tag-slavery"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4391","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4391"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4391\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4392,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4391\/revisions\/4392"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4391"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4391"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4391"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}