{"id":5053,"date":"2021-07-18T13:17:36","date_gmt":"2021-07-18T13:17:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=5053"},"modified":"2021-07-18T13:17:36","modified_gmt":"2021-07-18T13:17:36","slug":"how-to-grow-and-care-for-mustard-plants","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/life\/gardening\/how-to-grow-and-care-for-mustard-plants\/","title":{"rendered":"Ghid complet pentru cultivarea mu\u0219tarului: De la plantare p\u00e2n\u0103 la recoltare"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cum s\u0103 cultiva\u021bi \u0219i s\u0103 \u00eengriji\u021bi plantele de mu\u0219tar<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Plantare<\/h2>\n\n<p>Mu\u0219tarul este o cultur\u0103 de vreme rece care se dezvolt\u0103 \u00een plin soare \u0219i sol bine drenat. Poate fi plantat prim\u0103vara sau toamna, dar plant\u0103rile de toamn\u0103 produc de obicei frunze de mu\u0219tar de o calitate mai bun\u0103.<\/p>\n\n<p>Pentru a planta mu\u0219tar, sem\u0103na\u021bi semin\u021bele la o distan\u021b\u0103 de 1 inch \u0219i la o ad\u00e2ncime de \u00bc p\u00e2n\u0103 la \u00bd inch \u00eentr-un pat de gr\u0103din\u0103 preg\u0103tit. Men\u021bine\u021bi solul uniform umed \u00een orice moment. La temperaturi cuprinse \u00eentre 45 \u0219i 75 de grade, semin\u021bele germineaz\u0103 \u00een 4 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 14 zile.<\/p>\n\n<p>C\u00e2nd r\u0103sadurile au o \u00een\u0103l\u021bime de 3 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 4 inci, \u00eencepe\u021bi s\u0103 le r\u0103r\u00ed\u021bi la o distan\u021b\u0103 de 4 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 6 inci. Pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce plantele cresc, m\u0103ri\u021bi distan\u021barea dintre ele. \u021ainti\u021bi un spa\u021biu de 12 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 18 inci \u00eentre soiurile mari \u0219i 6 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 10 inci \u00eentre soiurile mai mici, de tip frunze.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00cengrijire<\/h2>\n\n<p>Plantele de mu\u0219tar sunt relativ u\u0219or de \u00eengrijit, dar necesit\u0103 udare \u0219i fertilizare regulate.<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Udare:<\/strong> Plantele de mu\u0219tar au nevoie de aproximativ 1 inch de ap\u0103 pe s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103, dar udarea mai frecvent\u0103 poate fi necesar\u0103 \u00een condi\u021bii de usc\u0103ciune. Evita\u021bi udarea excesiv\u0103, deoarece acest lucru poate duce la putrezirea r\u0103d\u0103cinilor.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fertilizare:<\/strong> Fertiliza\u021bi plantele de mu\u0219tar cu un \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2nt bogat \u00een azot atunci c\u00e2nd acestea au o \u00een\u0103l\u021bime de aproximativ 3 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 4 inci. Urma\u021bi instruc\u021biunile de pe ambalajul \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2ntului pentru cantitatea corect\u0103 de aplicat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Alte sfaturi importante de \u00eengrijire pentru plantele de mu\u0219tar includ:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Mulcire:<\/strong> Mulcirea \u00een jurul plantelor de mu\u0219tar ajut\u0103 la re\u021binerea umezelii \u0219i la suprimarea buruienilor.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Controlul buruienilor:<\/strong> Plantele de mu\u0219tar nu sunt foarte competitive cu buruienile, a\u0219a c\u0103 este important s\u0103 men\u021bine\u021bi zona din jurul lor f\u0103r\u0103 buruieni.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Combaterea d\u0103un\u0103torilor \u0219i bolilor:<\/strong> Plantele de mu\u0219tar nu sunt afectate de mul\u021bi d\u0103un\u0103tori sau boli grave, dar pot fi susceptibile la afide, mu\u0219te albe, viermi de varz\u0103 \u0219i g\u00e2ndaci s\u0103ritori. Dac\u0103 ace\u0219ti d\u0103un\u0103tori devin o problem\u0103, trata\u021bi plantele cu un insecticid sau pesticid adecvat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Recoltare<\/h2>\n\n<p>Frunzele de mu\u0219tar pot fi recoltate c\u00e2nd sunt tinere \u0219i fragede sau pot fi l\u0103sate s\u0103 se coac\u0103 pentru o arom\u0103 mai intens\u0103. Pentru a recolta frunzele de mu\u0219tar, t\u0103ia\u021bi frunzele la baza plantei. Pute\u021bi recolta frunzele \u00een mod repetat pe tot parcursul sezonului de cre\u0219tere.<\/p>\n\n<p>Semin\u021bele de mu\u0219tar sunt gata de recoltat c\u00e2nd p\u0103st\u0103ile se transform\u0103 din verde \u00een maro. T\u0103ia\u021bi crengile cu p\u0103st\u0103ile mature \u0219i a\u0219eza\u021bi-le pe o tav\u0103 pentru a se usca. Dup\u0103 ce p\u0103st\u0103ile sunt complet uscate, acestea pot fi treierate pentru a \u00eendep\u0103rta semin\u021bele.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Soiuri de plante de mu\u0219tar<\/h2>\n\n<p>Exist\u0103 multe soiuri diferite de plante de mu\u0219tar, fiecare cu propria arom\u0103 \u0219i caracteristici unice. Unele dintre cele mai populare soiuri includ:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Mu\u0219tar brun:<\/strong> Aceasta este cea mai picant\u0103 varietate de mu\u0219tar, cu o arom\u0103 puternic\u0103 \u0219i \u00een\u021bep\u0103toare. Este folosit\u0103 pentru a face mu\u0219tari de tip Dijon, mu\u0219tari picante chineze\u0219ti \u0219i curry.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mu\u0219tar alb:<\/strong> Cunoscut\u0103 \u0219i sub numele de mu\u0219tar galben, aceast\u0103 varietate are o arom\u0103 mai bl\u00e2nd\u0103 dec\u00e2t mu\u0219tarul brun. Este folosit\u0103 pentru a face mu\u0219tar preparat \u0219i este cultivat\u0103 \u0219i pentru frunzele sale.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mu\u0219tar negru:<\/strong> Aceast\u0103 varietate are o arom\u0103 moderat picant\u0103 \u0219i este folosit\u0103 pentru a face mu\u0219tar de tip Dijon \u0219i m\u00e2nc\u0103ruri din Asia de Sud-Est.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mu\u0219tarul ca plant\u0103 de acoperire<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u00cen plus fa\u021b\u0103 de faptul c\u0103 este cultivat pentru frunzele \u0219i semin\u021bele sale, mu\u0219tarul poate fi folosit \u0219i ca plant\u0103 de acoperire. Culturile de acoperire sunt plante cultivate pentru a \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bi s\u0103n\u0103tatea solului. Mu\u0219tarul este o bun\u0103 cultur\u0103 de acoperire deoarece ajut\u0103 la suprimarea buruienilor, la fixarea azotului \u00een sol \u0219i la prevenirea eroziunii.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sfaturi pentru cultivarea mu\u0219tarului<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pentru a preveni am\u0103reala \u00een frunzele de mu\u0219tar, cultiva\u021bi plantele pe vreme rece \u0219i evita\u021bi udarea excesiv\u0103.<\/li>\n<li>Pentru a evita g\u00e2ndacii s\u0103ritori, planta\u021bi mu\u0219tar toamna, c\u00e2nd popula\u021biile sunt mai mici.<\/li>\n<li>Pentru a preveni ca plantele de mu\u0219tar s\u0103 se ridice (s\u0103 dezvolte flori \u0219i s\u0103 produc\u0103 semin\u021be), planta\u021bi-le suficient de devreme prim\u0103vara, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t s\u0103 ajung\u0103 la maturitate \u00eenainte de apari\u021bia c\u0103ldurii verii.<\/li>\n<li>Pentru a preveni ca plantele de mu\u0219tar s\u0103 devin\u0103 invazive, \u00eendep\u0103rta\u021bi c\u0103p\u0103\u021b\u00e2nile mature \u00eenainte de a se deschide.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cum s\u0103 cultiva\u021bi \u0219i s\u0103 \u00eengriji\u021bi plantele de mu\u0219tar Plantare Mu\u0219tarul este o cultur\u0103 de vreme rece care se dezvolt\u0103 \u00een plin soare \u0219i sol bine drenat. Poate fi plantat&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8813],"tags":[9046,9050,9048,9049,9045,9047],"class_list":["post-5053","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-gardening","tag-growing-mustard","tag-cover-crop","tag-mustard-greens","tag-mustard-seeds","tag-mustard-plant","tag-harvesting-mustard"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5053","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5053"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5053\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5054,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5053\/revisions\/5054"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5053"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5053"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5053"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}