{"id":6774,"date":"2021-08-07T05:24:14","date_gmt":"2021-08-07T05:24:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=6774"},"modified":"2021-08-07T05:24:14","modified_gmt":"2021-08-07T05:24:14","slug":"how-to-grow-and-care-for-cardamom-plants","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/life\/gardening\/how-to-grow-and-care-for-cardamom-plants\/","title":{"rendered":"Cultivarea \u0219i \u00eengrijirea cardamomului acas\u0103: Pas cu pas"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cultivarea \u0219i \u00eengrijirea cardamomului<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Origine botanic\u0103 \u0219i caracteristici fizice:<\/h2>\n\n<p>Cardamomul (Elettaria cardamomum), membru al familiei ghimbirului, este cultivat \u00een principal pentru semin\u021bele sale parfumate, care sunt utilizate pe scar\u0103 larg\u0103 ca un condiment \u00een\u021bep\u0103tor \u00een preparatele culinare. Aceast\u0103 plant\u0103 erbacee peren\u0103 se dezvolt\u0103 din rizomi subterani gro\u0219i \u0219i noduro\u0219i, d\u00e2nd na\u0219tere unei plante ve\u0219nic verde cu tulpini erecte \u0219i frunze lucioase, \u00een form\u0103 de lance. La sf\u00e2r\u0219itul prim\u0103verii sau vara, din baza plantei ies tulpini florale f\u0103r\u0103 frunze, produc\u00e2nd flori alb-g\u0103lbui care amintesc de orhidee. Florile produc p\u0103st\u0103i de semin\u021be de culoare verde-g\u0103lbui pal, care con\u021bin 15 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 20 de semin\u021be aromate, utilizate \u00een mod obi\u0219nuit \u00een diverse buc\u0103t\u0103rii \u0219i b\u0103uturi.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tehnici de cultivare:<\/h2>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Plantare:**<\/h3>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Moment:<\/strong> Cardamomul se dezvolt\u0103 \u00een regiunile tropicale cu precipita\u021bii abundente \u0219i temperaturi peste 70\u00b0F. Planta\u021bi \u00een aer liber c\u00e2nd temperaturile sunt constant calde. Dac\u0103 este cultivat \u00een interior, este posibil s\u0103 nu \u00eenfloreasc\u0103 sau s\u0103 nu produc\u0103 p\u0103st\u0103i de semin\u021be.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Alegerea amplasamentului:<\/strong> Alege\u021bi o loca\u021bie \u00eentr-o gr\u0103din\u0103 de legume sau o gr\u0103din\u0103 de ploaie, cu umbr\u0103 par\u021bial\u0103, sol bine drenat \u0219i niveluri de pH acide.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Spa\u021biere \u0219i ad\u00e2ncime:<\/strong> Planta\u021bi semin\u021bele de cardamom la o distan\u021b\u0103 de 1\/2 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 1 inch una de cealalt\u0103, la aproximativ 1\/8 inch ad\u00e2ncime, \u00eentr-o zon\u0103 cu umbr\u0103 par\u021bial\u0103. Ca alternativ\u0103, pute\u021bi sem\u0103na semin\u021bele \u00een ghivece pentru cultivarea \u00een interior.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00cengrijire:**<\/h3>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Lumin\u0103:<\/strong> Cardamomul prefer\u0103 umbra par\u021bial\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la umbr\u0103 total\u0103. Evita\u021bi plantarea \u00een lumina direct\u0103 a soarelui.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sol:<\/strong> Cardamomul se dezvolt\u0103 \u00een sol fertil, nisipos-argilos, cu adaos de frunze muceg\u0103ite sau scoar\u021b\u0103 granulat\u0103 pentru o cre\u0219tere optim\u0103 \u00een lumin\u0103 puternic\u0103, nefiltrat\u0103, cu umiditate ridicat\u0103.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ap\u0103:<\/strong> Uda\u021bi \u00een mod regulat, pulveriza\u021bi frecvent cu ap\u0103 de ploaie pentru a men\u021bine condi\u021biile de umiditate constant\u0103 a solului. Evita\u021bi udarea excesiv\u0103.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Temperatur\u0103 \u0219i umiditate:<\/strong> Cardamomul necesit\u0103 condi\u021bii tropicale pentru a produce fructe. Planta\u021bi \u00een zone unde temperaturile rareori scad sub 72\u00b0F. \u00cen climatele mai reci, cultiva\u021bi \u00een interior \u00een sere \u00eenc\u0103lzite sau \u00een medii umede, cum ar fi b\u0103ile.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00cengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2nt:<\/strong> Aplica\u021bi \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2nt organic, cu fosfor ridicat, de dou\u0103 ori pe lun\u0103 \u00een timpul sezonului de cre\u0219tere. Completa\u021bi anual cu compost.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Polenizare:<\/strong> Albinele \u0219i alte insecte zbur\u0103toare polenizeaz\u0103 de obicei plantele de cardamom. Polenizarea manual\u0103 poate fi necesar\u0103 \u00een zonele cu pu\u021bine albine.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tipuri de cardamom:**<\/h3>\n\n<p>Cardamomul apar\u021bine la dou\u0103 linii principale de gen: Elettaria \u0219i Amomum.<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Cardamom verde (Elettaria cardamomum):<\/strong> Cunoscut \u0219i sub denumirea de cardamom adev\u0103rat, acest tip provine din India p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een Malaezia. Are o arom\u0103 mai dulce, asem\u0103n\u0103toare eucaliptului.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cardamom negru (Amomum subulatum):<\/strong> Acest tip, originar din Nepal \u0219i China, are o arom\u0103 mai robust\u0103, afumat\u0103, cu note de camfor sau mentol.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Recoltare:**<\/h3>\n\n<p>Recolta\u021bi p\u0103st\u0103ile de semin\u021be de cardamom manual, c\u00e2nd \u00eencep s\u0103 se despart\u0103. Alternativ, acestea pot fi trase cu u\u0219urin\u021b\u0103 din plant\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd sunt coapte.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Propagare:**<\/h3>\n\n<p>Propaga\u021bi cardamomul prin \u00eemp\u0103r\u021birea structurii r\u0103d\u0103cinii rizomului sau prin sem\u0103narea semin\u021belor.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cultivare \u00een containere:**<\/h3>\n\n<p>Cardamomul poate fi cultivat cu succes \u00een ghivece. Folosi\u021bi un recipient cu o ad\u00e2ncime de cel pu\u021bin 1 picior \u0219i o l\u0103\u021bime de 6 inch, cu orificii ample de drenaj. Asigura\u021bi sol umed, nisipos-argilos \u0219i p\u0103stra\u021bi planta \u00een interior pe vreme rece.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">D\u0103un\u0103tori \u0219i boli comune:**<\/h3>\n\n<p>Cardamomul este, \u00een general, lipsit de d\u0103un\u0103tori, dar poate fi susceptibil la trips sau la virusul mozaicului de cardamom. Preveni\u021bi virusul prin controlul afidelor.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Depanare:**<\/h3>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Lipsa \u00eenfloririi sau a produc\u021biei de p\u0103st\u0103i de semin\u021be:<\/strong> Acest lucru se poate \u00eent\u00e2mpla atunci c\u00e2nd este cultivat \u00een interior din cauza luminii insuficiente, a umidit\u0103\u021bii sau a controlului temperaturii.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Frunze \u00eeng\u0103lbenite:<\/strong> Udarea excesiv\u0103 sau deficien\u021ba de nutrien\u021bi poate provoca \u00eeng\u0103lbenirea. Regla\u021bi frecven\u021ba ud\u0103rii \u0219i fertiliza\u021bi dup\u0103 cum este necesar.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cre\u0219tere \u00eencetinit\u0103:<\/strong> Temperaturile sc\u0103zute sau lumina solar\u0103 insuficient\u0103 pot \u00eempiedica cre\u0219terea. Asigura\u021bi c\u0103ldur\u0103 \u0219i asigura\u021bi expunerea la lumin\u0103 adecvat\u0103.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cultivarea \u0219i \u00eengrijirea cardamomului Origine botanic\u0103 \u0219i caracteristici fizice: Cardamomul (Elettaria cardamomum), membru al familiei ghimbirului, este cultivat \u00een principal pentru semin\u021bele sale parfumate, care sunt utilizate pe scar\u0103 larg\u0103&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8813],"tags":[11213,11214,9447,10448,11215],"class_list":["post-6774","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-gardening","tag-cardamom","tag-spice-cultivation","tag-culinary-herbs","tag-herbaceous-perennials","tag-tropical-gardening"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6774","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6774"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6774\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6775,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6774\/revisions\/6775"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6774"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6774"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6774"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}